iosr-JNHS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2021

Abstract: Background: Short Interval between births is linked to higher maternal and child mortality, In India 15.60 million abortion are performed with abortion rate of 47.0/1000women aged 15-49 years (Jan2018). In spite of widely available contraceptives in free of cost, unplanned and unwanted pregnancies complicate maternal health especially in rural areas. Preventing unplanned pregnancy and abortion, contraceptives in immediate use of delivery may be a remedy and IUCD CU-T is one of the answers.
In this context of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of insertion of immediate post placental IUCD (PPIUCD) using CU-T 380A in women delivering vaginally in a rural hospital and to compare it with interval insertion of IUCD CU-T 380A in same setting. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in rural based community hospital in West Bengal between January 2019......

Key words: PPIUCD. CUT 380 A, Dysmeorrhoea, Contraception.

[1]. Population growth ( annual % ) Data World Bank Org. Retrived 28th March 2018.
[2]. Singh Saheela, Sekhar Ann Met al (January2018), " The incidence of abortion unintended pregnancy in India 2015". The Lancet GlobaHealth, 6(1) : e11 – e120.
[3]. International institution for Population Sciences (IPS) and Macro International 2007. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) India 2005- 2006; 1.
[4]. Grimes DA, Lopez L M, Schulz K F, et al. Immediate post partum insertion of intrauterine devices. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2010- Art No: CD003036.doi : 10.1002/14651858. CD003036. Dub2.
[5]. Chen BA, Reeves MF, Hayes J.L, Hohmann HL, Perriera LK, Creinin MD. .Post placental or delayed insertion of Levonorgesterol Intrauterine device after vaginal delivery: A randomized control trial .Obs Gynecol, Nov 2010 ;116(5) : 1079-87..

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus type 1, also known as juvenile diabetes, is a form of diabetes in which very few or no insulin is produced by the pancreas (CDC,2012).It is the most common type of DM in children and adolescents (Mireille C et al,2011).An upward trend of newly diagnosed T1DM in children (CDiC ,2013). From 2008 to 2013 the new case was 112 to 319 (CDiC,2013). 4.2 new cases of T1DM/100,000 children at the of age 0–14 years in 2013 (IDF).The international trends of T1DM at increasingly younger ages (Marília Costa Flora, et al; 2016). In 2015, one study shows that self-care knowledge gap in some areas of diabetes......

[1]. Rai SK, Hirai K, Abe A, OhnoY. Infectious Diseases and Malnutrition Status in Nepal: an Overview [Serial online] 2002[cited 2008 July 15]; 8(2): 191-200. Available from: URL: http://nutriweb.org.my/publications/mjn008_2/mjn8n2_art6.pdf
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[3]. The Prevention of Transmission of Blood-Borne Disease in the Health-Care Setting Available from: URL: http://www.dentalgain.org/transmission_of_blood_borne_diseases_2006.pdfes
[4]. Engender Health. Infection Prevention: A Reference booklet for Health Care Provider [cited 2008 July 14]; Available from: URL: http://www.engenderhealth.org/pubs/quality/infection-prevention.php
[5]. Khan AQ, Epidemiology and disease control Part 1, Dhaka, Khan Publishers 2nd edition 1999, and page 80.

Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin D is believed to help improve the body's sensitivity to insulin-the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels and thus reduce the risk of insulin resistance, which is often a precursor to type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency leads to reduced insulin secretion. Supplementation with vitamin D has been shown to restore insulin secretion in animals. Researchers have also found an indirect effect on insulin secretion. Materials and Methods: Competitive immunoluminometric assay was used to assess vitamin D in blood; and glucose oxide manual method and semi auto analyzer were used to quantitate random blood sugar in the blood of the study subjects....

Keywords: Vitamin D, RBS, Diabetes.

[1]. 1 Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Salim Reza Bappy, Babry Fatema, Shaila Haque, Mohammod Johirul Islam, Md Asaduzzaman Sikder, Sharmin Aktar, Marina Khatun, Farha Matin Juliana, and Mohammad Sayful Islam, 'Effect of Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) on Hemoglobin, Blood Cells and Random Blood Glucose Levels among Serologically Positive Hcv Patients'.
[2]. 2 Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Rana Basak, Md Shofikul Islam, Farha Matin Juliana, Tasnuva Ferdous, Mohammod Johirul Islam, Abdullah Al Mamun, Saima Sabrina, Mohammad Mosleh Uddin, and Md Khairul Islam, 'Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency in Healthy Pregnant Women Living in Dhaka, Bangladesh'.
[3]. 3 Wikipedia contributors, 'Random Glucose Test', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, (2019) < https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Random_glucose_test&oldid=928575233>.
[4]. 4 Sandro Giannini, Sandro Mazzaferro, Salvatore Minisola, Luca De Nicola, Maurizio Rossini, and Mario Cozzolino, 'Raising Awareness on the Therapeutic Role of Cholecalciferol in Ckd: A Multidisciplinary-Based Opinion', Endocrine, 59 (2018), 242-59.
[5]. 5 National Institutes of Health, 'Vitamin D Fact Sheet for Health Professionals', Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health (2011).

Abstract: Background: Quantification of eye diseases among HIV-infected patients is a step towards the provision of services that improve the quality of life. Traditionally, HIV care was founded on principles of patients' survival and prolonging life expectancy. These principles of HIV medicine practice have shifted from survival to improving the quality of life among the affected population. More HIV patients are living long enough to experience the ocular toxicity of antiretroviral drugs and age-related eye conditions. Co-morbidity of HIV infection with Non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and cancers, among others, are contributing to damaging effects of the eye. Since there were no recent equivalent studies carried out in a Kenyan urban clinic, we selected this study to quantify eye diseases among this population. HIV-infected Urban dwellers have additional risk factors for the development of eye diseases like lifestyle and economic activities among many other factors.....

Key Word: Ocular Disease; Adult; HIV; Kenya

[1]. Acyclovir for the Prevention of Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus Eye Disease. (1998). New England Journal of Medicine, 300-306.
[2]. Anwan, H. (1990). Prevalence of Ocular Manifestation of AIDS at K.N.H. The University of Nairobi E-Repository.
[3]. Bekele, S., Yeshigeta, G., & Fasil, T. (2013). Ocular Manifestation of HIV/AIDS Patients and correlation with CD4 Cells Count among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients in Jimma Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmology.
[4]. Biswa, J., & Madhavan, G. (2000). Ocular Lesion associated with HIV in India: A case series of 100 consecutive patients evaluated at a referral center. A.M.J Ophthalmology, 9-15.
[5]. Espositos, S. P., Porta, A., Bojanin, J., Gualtieri, L., Vismara, E., & Principi, E. (2006). Effects of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy on the Natural History of Ocular Manifestationin HIV Infected Children. Eye (London, England) , 595-597..

Abstract: Treatment of cannabis use disorder among the youth is a challenging task. Cannabis abuse can lead to immediate and long term complications on health, personal and social life. The long term use can affect the quality of life as well. While addressing the issues related to management of cannabis abuse, measures to improve quality of life also need to be considered. The health care professionals should bear in mind that, blaming the patients with cannabis abuse is of no use. Helping them to realize their present situation is very important. Meditation is one of the techniques which will help the individual to introspect into oneself. There is increased evidence showing that meditation can improve the joys of life, ability to cope with illness, and possibly improve physical and emotional health. Mindfulness meditation is a recently evolved meditation technique which will help an individual to understand and live in the present moment without judging the past or without being anxious about the future. This increased awareness can lead to improvement in subjective well-being and quality of life.

Key words: Mindfulness meditation, Cannabis abuse, Quality of life

[1]. Peacock A, Leung J, Larney S, Colledge S, Hickman M, Rehm J, Giovino GA, West R, Hall W, Griffiths P, Ali R, Gowing L, Marsden J, Ferrari AJ, Grebely J, Farrell M, Degenhardt L. Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report. Addiction. 2018 Oct;113(10):1905-1926. doi: 10.1111/add.14234. Epub 2018 Jun 4. PMID: 29749059.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29749059/
[2]. Jackson NJ, Isen JD, Khoddam R, et al. Impact of adolescent marijuana use on intelligence: Results from two longitudinal twin studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(5):E500-E508. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26787878/
[3]. McCaffrey DF, Pacula RL, Han B, Ellickson P. Marijuana Use and High School Dropout: The Influence of Unobservables. Health Econ. 2010;19(11):1281-1299. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19937639/
[4]. Ates N, Unubol B, Bestepe EE, Bilici R. The effect of perceived social support on quality of life in Turkish men with alcohol, opiate and cannabis use disorder. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2019 Nov 5:1-21.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31686619/
[5]. Rey JM, Martin A, Krabman P. Is the party over? Cannabis and juvenile psychiatric disorder: the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;43(10):1194-205. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15381886/.

Abstract: Résumé: La drépanocytose affecte environ 100 000 personnes aux États-Unis selon « Center for Disease Control.Elle est particulièrementfréquente dans les populations d'origine antillaise, africaine et méditerranéenne. Les patients atteints présentent un risque de thrombose élevépar rapport à la population générale. Nous rapportons ici un cas de thrombose veineuse mésentérique inférieure, à l'origine d'une hypertension portale segmentaire, une complication inhabituelle de cette hémoglobinopathie
Mots clés : drépanocytose, thrombose veineuse, hypertension portale segmentaire.......

Keys words: Sickle cell disease, venous thrombosis, segmental portal hypertension

[1]. Srisuwananukorn A, Raslan R, Zhang X, Shah BN, Han J, Gowhari M, et al. Clinical, laboratory, and genetic risk factors for thrombosis in sickle cell disease. Blood Adv. 2020;4(9):1978–1986.
[2]. Naik RP, Streiff MB, Haywood C, Segal JB, Lanzkron S. Venous Thromboembolism Incidence in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. J ThrombHaemost. 2014;12(12):2010–2016.
[3]. Increased incidence of VTE in sickle cell disease patients: risk factors, recurrence and impact on mortality - PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28369826/.
[4]. Kumar R, Stanek J, Creary S, Dunn A, O'Brien SH. Prevalence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in children with sickle cell disease: an administrative database study. Blood Adv. 2018;2(3):285–291.
[5]. Hassell KL. Population estimates of sickle cell disease in the U.S. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(4 Suppl):S512-521..

Abstract: Resumo: Introdução: A taxa de mortalidade neonatal é considerada indicador síntese da qualidade de vida e do nível de desenvolvimento de uma população. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, acontecem anualmente 7,1 milhões de mortes de crianças de até um ano de vida no mundo, 50% no período neonatal. A mortalidade neonatal são óbitos ocorridos nos primeiros 28 dias de vida, sendo precoce nos primeiros 07 dias e tardia entre o sétimo e o vigésimo oitavo dia de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar na literatura as causas evitáveis relacionadas à mortalidade neonatal e as estratégias de prevenção deste agravo. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura.
Material e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literature. A amostra foi selecionada utilizando-se os recursos de metapesquisa oferecidos....

[1]. Rede Interagencial de Informações para a Saúde. Indicadores básicos para saúde no Brasil: conceitos e aplicações 2ª Ed. Brasília: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde; 2008.
[2]. Mello-Jorge MH, Laurenti R, Gotlieb SLD. Análise da qualidade das estatísticas vitais brasileiras: a experiência de implantação do SIM e do SINASC. Ciência Saúde Coletiva 2007; 12:643-54.
[3]. Andrade CLT, Szwarcwald CL. Desigualdades sócio-espaciais da adequação das informações de nascimentos e óbitos do Ministério da Saúde, Brasil, 2000-2002. Cad Saúde Pública. 2007; 23: 1207-16.
[4]. Frias PG, Pereira PMH, Andrade CLT, Szwarcwald CL. Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade: estudo de caso em municípios com precariedade dos dados. CadSaude Publica 2008; 24(10):2257-2266.
[5]. Szwarcwald CL, Leal MC, Andrade CLT, Souza Júnior PRB. Estimação da mortalidade infantil no Brasil: o que dizem as informações sobre óbitos e nascimentos do Ministério da Saúde. CadSaude Publica. 2002; 18(6):1725-1736.

Abstract: Background: Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another. Communication with all patients is very important for the provision of quality nursing care. Critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation in intensive care units often feel high levels of frustration in communicating their needs to their caregivers and experience an intensified need to communicate. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of visual communication board on the level of satisfaction regarding communication needs of the communication compromised patients admitted in critical care units. Materials and Methods: Quantitative evaluative approach was adopted for this study, with Non-equivalent only control group post test study design. 60 samples from Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata were selected by purposive sampling technique and assigned to experimental........

Key Word: Effect, Visual Communication Board, Level of satisfaction, communication compromised patients, communication needs

[1]. Banderia M, Faria P.Quality assessment of in hospital patients unable to speak who use alternative and extended communication. Einstein .2011; 9(4). Available from : http://ccforum.biomedcentral.com
[2]. Finke EH, Light J.A systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Nurse Communication with Patients with Complex Communication needs with a Focus on the Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Journal of Clinical Nursing . July 2008; 17(16) Available from : http://www.researchget.net
[3]. Ashworth P. Care to Communicate. Whitefairs press.1980
[4]. Rodrigues O, A Raja. Efficacy of communication board on communication of verbally non-communicative patients at selected hospital in Mangalore. Research Education. 2018;4(3). Available from: http://scholarlyworks.lvhn.org
[5]. Das D. A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Communication Board on the Level of Satisfaction of communication pattern among Patients on Mechanical Ventilation in Bombay Hospital at Indore in the Year 2014-2015. International Journal for Advanced Research .2016 October; 4(10): 1720-1747. Available from: www.journalijar.com

Abstract: Background: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving treatment when used appropriately. It is a complex multistep process which involves health professionals of different cadres, including nurses. The health workers involved should have adequate knowledge and skills in order to ensure patient safety and good outcomes. Objective: To assess blood transfusion knowledge among nurses at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) and determine the factors associated with the knowledge level.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 95 participants. The participants were selected using proportionate sampling method. Data collected using a questionnaire was entered into SPPS version 20. Analysis was done using frequency tables, mean and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05........

Key Word: Blood transfusion, knowledge, nurses, training

[1]. World Health Organization. (2008). Universal access to safe blood transfusion. WHO; World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/bloodsafety/universalbts/en/
[2]. Bolton-Maggs, P. H. B., & Cohen, H. (2013). Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) haemovigilance and progress is improving transfusion safety. British Journal of Haematology, 163(3), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.12547
[3]. Boyce, N., & Brook, C. (2005). Towards better, safer blood transfusion: A REPORT FOR THE AUSTRALIAN COUNCIL FOR SAFETY AND QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE. Commonwealth of Australia. Accessed 1th July, 2020 form https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/sites/default/files/migrated/bloodrept05.pdf
[4]. Clark, P., Rennie, I., & Rawlinson, S. (2001). Effect of a formal education programme on safety of transfusions. BMJ, 323(7321), 1118–1120. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1118
[5]. [1].de Graaf, J. D., Kajja, I., Bimenya, G. S., Postma, M. J., & Sibinga, C. Th. (2009). Bedside practice of blood transfusion in a large teaching hospital in Uganda: An observational study. Asian Journal of Transfusion Science, 3(2), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6247.53872

Abstract: Background: Malnutrition is one of the big challenging issues and significant public health problem in Under-five children since last 3 decades in Nepal. Poor nutrition in early childhood often leads to the majority of deaths and morbidity of children in Nepal. The children's health, growth, development and academic achievement are affected by their nutritional status. Most of the developing countries including Nepal are still facing issues on nutrition.The main objective of this review article is to provide a significant description of issue relevant literature associated with malnutrition in Nepal. Review of the literature on this issue is and raised by different / scholars might be helpful to understand the issue in collective way to manage the burden of malnutrition in upcoming days. In this background, this paper tries to unfold the issue on factors associated with malnutrition in the context of Nepal....

Key Word: Under five children, Associated Factors, malnutrition

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[3]. World Health Organization .Fact Sheets on Malnutroition:2010, WHO,Geneva.
[4]. Bhandari, TR and Chhetri M. Nutritional status of under five year children and factors associated in Kapilvastu District, Nepal. J Nutr Health Food Sci, 2013,1(1): 1-6Nutrition Journal, 12(1), 28.
[5]. Pradhan A. Factors associated with nutritional status of the under five children. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2010; 1: 6-8