iosr-JNHS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. – Oct. 2021

Abstract: A peanut ball is a giant peanut shell shaped ball which can be used as a birthing tool by the women during labour as a non-pharmacological method for reducing pain and shortening labour duration, specially if received an epidural or analgesic. The placement of peanut ball between the legs of a woman can help increase the pelvic diameter and help in opening up the birth canal easily. Researches have proved its efficacy as the ball helps in progress of labour, shortening labour duration, decreasing PPH, improving feto-maternal circulation. The peanut ball can be used in different positions according to maternal choice. Choosing correct size of the ball depends on maternal height and body weight. Choosing wrong sized peanut balls can result in no benefits for the mothers. Nurses should monitor feto-maternal parameters and plot the partograph for noting the progress of labour. After each use, the balls should be disinfected and stored in bags for future use. Further researches should be conducted to prove its efficacy.

Keywords-Peanut ball, birthing tool non-pharmacological, epidural , analgesic, labour, PPH, feto-maternal, partograph

[1]. Rebecca H. Familiar and unusual tools can provide alternative pain relief during a natural delivery. July 2019. Available from URL: https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/5-natural-childbirth-tools-and-props-to-help-women-through-a-natural-delivery
[2]. Tussey CM, Botsios E, Gerkin RD, Kelly LA, Gamez J, Mensik J. Reducing length of labor and caesarean surgery rate using a peanut ball for women labouring with an epidural. J Perinat Educ. 2015;24(1):16–24. doi: 10.1891/1058-1243.24.1.16.
[3]. Stulz V., Campbell B., et al, Using a peanut ball during labour versus not using a peanut ball during labour for women using an epidural: study protocol for a randomised controlled pilot study. Published online 2018 Oct 4. doi: 10.1186/s40814-018-0346-9. Available from URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6171141
[4]. Marcin A. What Is a Peanut Ball — and Can It Shorten Labor? 2I August, 2019.Available from URL: https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/peanut-ball
[5]. Lythgoae A.D. Peanut Balls for Labor - A Valuable Tool for Promoting Progress?April, 2014. Available from URL: https://www.lamaze.org/Connecting-the-Dots/peanut-balls-for-labor-a-valuable-tool-for-promoting-progress/

Abstract: Background: When student enters in college life and encounters unexpected threats which creates stress among college students and eventually effect on psychosocial behaviors. College students reported a high prevalence of mental health problems, increase in symptoms of mental disorders due to stress. Stress represented an important psychosocial challenge for students. The high prevalence of stress among college students highlights a need for accessible interventions that can resolve timely upcoming psychosocial problems among students.
Aims: The aim was to review the effect of Mindfulness Meditation to reduce stress of college students utilized in included articles of the study.......

Key Word: Mindfulness Meditation , Stress, College , Students

[1]. Martínez-Rubio D, Sanabria-Mazo P.J, Feliu-Soler A, Colomer-Carbonell A, Martínez-Brotóns C, Solé S, Escamilla C, Giménez-Fita E.et al. Testing the Intermediary Role of Perceived Stress in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Burnout Subtypes in a Large Sample of Spanish University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 ; 17(19): 7013
[2]. Hjeltnes A, Binder P, Moltu C and Dundas I. Facing the fear of failure: An explorative qualitative study of client experiences in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program for university students with academic evaluation anxiety. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2015; 10: 10.3402
[3]. Zen .Mindfulness and Meditation on campus
[4]. Riet V.Pamela, levett –jones T, Aquino-Russell C. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Meditation for nurses and nursing students an integrated literature review. Nurse Educ. Today.2018;doi: 10.1016
[5]. Whittemore, R and Knafl K.The integrative review updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing ;52(5):546-553

Abstract: Background: Disaster occurrence is a global phenomenon. Disaster occurrence in any country affects its health and economic conditions. They can occur anywhere and anytime. It not only affect the health and well-being of the people but also large number of people are displaced, killed or injured subjected to greater risk of epidemics. In India, 59% of land mass is susceptible to seismic hazard; 5%of total geographical area is prone to floods; 8% of the total landmass is prone to cyclones and 70% of total cultivable area is vulnerable to drought. Objectives: The present study has been carried out to assess the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding disaster preparedness among students in selected government colleges of Kamrup metro, Assam and also to find out the association......

Keywords: College students, Knowledge, Disaster preparedness

[1]. Patricelli K. Introduction to Disasters [Internet]. America. Mentalhelp.net.Available from:https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/disasters/.
[2]. Aness SM and Samoon AH. Disaster awareness and preparedness among college students in district Srinagar.[Internet]. Available from:http://jkhighereducation. nic.in/jkki/issue1/12.pdf.p.111-116.
[3]. Sapir D, Hoyois P, Wallemacq P, Below R. Annual disaster statistical review 2016. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. 2017 October. p. 1. Available from:https://reliefweb.int/report/world/annual-disaster-statistical-review-2016-numbers -and-trends.
[4]. National institute of disaster management. Do's and Don'ts for common disasters. New Delhi. Available from: http://nidm.gov.in
[5]. Assam state disaster management authority.Hazard and Vulnerability Profile. Assam. Available from: asdma.gov.in/hazardous.html

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infertility defined as not being able to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse, is a global public health problem that affects more than 10% of the world's population. The risk of infertility increases with advanced age of the female partner (>35 years). Female infertility may present as an ovulation, obstructed fallopian tubes, endometriosis or uterine abnormalities. Male factor in infertility is characterized by diminished production of morphologically normal, motile sperm. Genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances and congenital/infectious malformations of the reproductive tract are some of the common causes of male and female infertility. Lifestyle.......

Key Words: Assess, Effectiveness, Structure Teaching Program, Knowledge, Attitude, Infertility

[1]. Diane M. Fraser, Margaret A. Cooper, "Myles textbook for midwives"; 5th edition; 2009; Published by Elsevier, London.
[2]. Meenal kumar, Guide to fertility &pregnancy , 1st edition, Deep & Deep publications, New Delhi.
[3]. D.C.Dutta, Text book of obstetrics;7th edition; 2011; published by New Central BookAgency (P) Ltd ,Kolkata.
[4]. May[citedon2019,]https://reproductive-health journal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12978-016-02581?site=reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com
[5]. Feb [cited on 2018 ] URL: https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IND/india/fertility-rate

Abstract: We report the case of a young patient who presented spontaneousorbito-palpebral emphysema after a blowing effort. We report the case of a 35-year-old female patient, without any notable pathological history, who presented to the emergency room for an acute palpebral swelling of the left eye following a blowing effort
On examination, there was no medical history of a facial trauma. The patient reported that the appearance of the palpebral swelling was sudden after a blowing effort and that the swelling increased after each blowing. The clinical examination revealed......

[1]. Pinelopi P, Aris N, Kostas A. Delayed traumatic occularemphy-sema: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 2006;102:e18—201
[2]. Tsung-Chien L, Patrick Chow-In K, Matthew Huei-Ming MaMD, Shyr-Chyr C. Delayed orbital emphysema as the mani-festation of isolated medial orbital wall fracture.Jemermed2005;09:017..
[3]. Benharbit M, Karim A, Lazreq M, Mohcine Z. Le traitementurgent de l'emphysème orbitaire post-traumatique : à proposd'un cas. JFO 2003;26:957—9
[4]. Brady SM, McMann MA, Mazzoli RA, et al (2001) The diagnosis and management of orbital blowout fractures: Update 2001. Am J Emerg Med 19:147–54
[5]. Hunts JH, Patrinely JR, Holds JB, Anderson RL. Orbitalemphysema: staging and acute management. Ophthalmology1994;101:960—6.

Abstract: Background: Periodontal disease is known to have bidirectional associations with various systemic diseases but the knowledge of the general population on this association is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the extent ofknowledge of a general population of Nigerians about periodontal diseases and their awareness of the association of periodontal diseases with systemic diseases and medication use. Materials and Methods:This was a cross sectional study involving 481 subjects resident in Lagos and Ogun state, Nigeria.Data collection was done using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire after a written consent was obtained. Chi-square test was utilized to identify significant associations between categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results: The age range of the respondents......

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Gingivitis, Hypertension, Periodontal Disease, Systemic illness.

[1]. Bui FQ, Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Huynh B, Trinh A, Liu J, Woodward J, Asadi H, Ojcius DM. Association between periodontal pathogens and systemic disease. Biomed J. 2019;42(1):27-35.
[2]. Arigbede AO, Babatope B O, Bamidele M K. Periodontitis and systemic diseases: A literature review. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012; 16:487-91.
[3]. Shawn F. Kane, The effects of oral health on systemic health. General Dentistry p30-34 November/December 2017
[4]. Sut Yee Tse. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease: awareness and practice among doctors working in public general out-patient clinics in Kowloon West Cluster of Hong Kong BMC Family Practice 2018; 19:199
[5]. Glendale L, Upasna J, Lan-Lin C, Kaveri KG, Leena P, Vanchit J. Periodontal Health and Systemic Conditions. Dent J 2020; 8(130): 2-12

Abstract: During this COVID-19 crisis, evidence has shown that the healthcare professionals in Zimbabwe have carried a heavy burden to control the virus and have directly encountered its consequences. This review was conducted to establish whether there were any identifiable risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes amongst the healthcare professionals during this COVID-19 crisis. This was done by undertaking a review of the literature on the published articles, which reported the psychological effects of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence from different research studies, have shown that COVID-19 has a considerable effect on the psychological wellbeing of healthcare professionals. Further results suggest that nurses may be at higher risk of adverse mental health outcomes during this COVID-19 pandemic with other risk factors identified such as underlying organic illness.....

Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Mental Health, Health Professional, Effects, Psychology

[1]. Cai, H, et al. (2020). Psychological Impact and Coping Strategies of Frontline Medical Staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. Med Sci Monit
[2]. Cao, J, et al. (2020). A Study of Basic Needs and Psychological Wellbeing of Medical Workers in the Fever Clinic of a Tertiary General Hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Psychother Psychosom
[3]. De Kock, J.H, et al (2021). A Rapid Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health of Healthcare Workers. Implication for Supporting Psychological Wellbeing. BMC Public Health
[4]. Filipe, O, et al. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals. Report in Public Health
[5]. Lee, S.M, et al. (2018). Psychological Impact of the 2015 MERS Outbreak on Hospital Workers and Quarantined Haemodialysis Patients. Compr Psychiatry; 87:123-127

Abstract: The investigator conducted a pre-experimental research study to evaluate effectiveness of an awareness programme on knowledge of child abuse among mothers at selected district W.B. The conceptual framework of the study was adopted from Ludwing Von Bertalanffy general system model. The one group pre-test post-test design was adopted on 70 mothers of Dangal village, Paschim Bardhaman, Purposive sampling technique was used. Semi-structured interview schedule, and structured interview schedule were used for data collection. The study finding revealed that the mean post-test was 14.9 higher than the mean of pre-test 9.74. So difference between post-test and pre- test knowledge score was found to be statistically significant as evident from paired "t‟ test where "t‟ (69 ) = 3.37.....

[1]. https://medilineplus.gov.childabuse
[2]. http://www.nationalchildrensalliance.org/media-room/media-kit/national- statistics-child-abuse
[3]. United Nations, Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children. Toward a World Free From Violence: Global Survey on Violence Against Children, available from http://srsg.villenceagainstchildren.org/sites/default/files/publications_final/toward
[4]. _a_world_free_from_violence.pdf October 2013
[5]. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/child-sexual-abuse-top-5-countries-highest-rates- 1436162

Abstract: Poor quality of family planning services predispose individuals to unplanned pregnancy, unsafe abortions, high number of birthing experiences, short birthing intervals, maternal morbidity/mortality. These challenges have reduced the standard of living of individuals as well as the economy of the nation. Adequate search light has not been beamed on the quality of family planning even though a number of researchers have investigated family planning processes. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to focus on the quality of family planning services in two teaching hospitals in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study employed a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey on the.......

Keywords: Quality, Family Planning, Structure, Process, Outcome

[1]. Ewerling, F. Victoria, C.G., Raj, A., Coll C.V.N., Hellwig, F., Barrow, A.J.D. (2018). Demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods among sexually active women in low- and middle – income countries: who is lagging behind? Reprod.Health, 15(1), 42 - 49.
[2]. Fruhaul, T, Zimmerman, L., Kibira, SPS, Makumbi, F., Gichangi, P., Shiferaw, S., Seme, A., Guiella, G., Tsui, A. – Measuring Family Planning Quality and its link with contraceptive use in public facilities in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. Health Policy Plan, 33(7), 828-839.
[3]. John, F.M. (2016). The Politics of Family Planning Policies and Programs in sub-Saharan- Africa, 308-329
[4]. Nazli, S., Yasmin, K., Selcuk, A., Mehmet, Y., Can an, T. & Bilge, T. 2018. Factors affecting the attitudes of women towards family planning.IntechOpen, 33-50.
[5]. Sari K., Margareth, M, N., Mario E., Desy, N. F., Diah, P. S., (2019). The Study of Family Planning Interpersonal Communication/Counseling in Contraceptive Use, Advances in Health Sciences Research, 22(2),

Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and increased long-term risk of metabolic diseases for both mother and child. The prevalence of diabetes of all types is approximately 5.4 % all over the world. The study aimed to identify the complications factor of Gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in Atbara Teaching Hospital obstetric and Gynecology Clinic. Methods and Material: - A descriptive cross-sectional hospital base study was carried out. 165 pregnant women from Atbara Hospital obstetric and Gynecology Clinic were chosen. Questionnaire and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are used to collect the data about the participants and to determine Gestational diabetes mellitus. Results: 52.1%, of the age group of the respondents (31-40 years). 55% of the participants are obese. (47.3%) of the respondents educational.....

Keywords: Gestation, Diabetes Mellitus, women health, complication Abbreviations: SDG (Sudanese Pound)

[1]. A. Ben‐Haroush, Y. Yogev, M. Hod, (2003) Epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with Type 2diabetes, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00985.x
[2]. Alex Fong, et al (2014), Pre-gestational versus gestational diabetes: A population based study on clinical and demographic differences, Volume 28, Issue 1, January–February 2014, Pages 29-34.
[3]. Alison B. Evert, RD, (2006), Gestational Diabetes Education and Diabetes Prevention Strategies, Diabetes Spectrum 2006 Jul; 19(3): 135-139. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.19.3.135
[4]. American Diabetes Association, (2014), Trends in the Evidence Level for the American Diabetes Association's "Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes" From 2005 to 2014.
[5]. Anne‐Sophie Morisset, (2014), Prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: a review of studies on weight management, Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.1053, Citations: 59

Abstract: Introduction: Prevention of Parent To Child Transmission (PPTCT) of HIV/AIDS is an integral component of the AIDS control program. PPTCT is an ongoing program for the last 15 years. Early diagnosis of HIV infection in exposed infants and children is an essential component to child survival. EID, a virological DNA PCR test on dried blood spots, aims at early diagnosis and ART initiation, breastfeeding choices, and linkage to care. Objectives: - To assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of parent-to-child transmission of HIV (PPTCT) and Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) among antenatal mothers. Materials and Methods: Present study conducted in Sagar rural hospital, Sagar, south 24 Parganas, West Bengal. The study includes 30.....

Keywords: Knowledge, Early Infant Diagnosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Prevention Of Parent To Child Transmission

[1]. Chukwuemeka IK, Fatima MI, Ovavi ZK, Olukayode O. The impact of a HIV prevention of mother to child transmission program in a Nigerian early infant diagnosis centre. Niger Med J.;55(3):204-08. 2014
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO). Mother to Child transmission of HIV, 2010.
[3]. Park K, preventive and social medicine. Jabalpur. BhanarsidasBhanot Publishers, New Delhi, 24th ed 2017
[4]. WHO, Topical overview: HIV AIDS .2008 Mar. www.msn.com/discussion/AIDS/WHO
[5]. Anand, Pandav, Nath, Study on the impact of AIDS on the economy of India, National Medical Journal of India.;31: 377-381. 1999
[6]. Uniting World against AIDS.. http:data.unaids.org, 2008

Abstract: We report a case of a 12 years old girl with no medical history, who presented for penetrating ocular trauma of her right eye. The clinical examination at that time found a penetrating limballaceration from 11 to 2 o'clock position, shallow anterior chamber, hyphaema with aniridia and traumatic cataract. The patient underwent an uncomplicated cataract surgery and IOL implantation with suture of of her right eye. Her postoperative course was unremarkable for the first 6 months. She then presented to routine follow-up reporting a painless progressively decreased vision in her right eye. Her visual acuity was 3/10 in the right eye. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14 mmHg OS. Slit-lamp examination of the left eye revealed a translucent fibrovascular membrane around the capsulorhexis.....

[1]. Han Kim, Michele C. Lim∗, Mark J. Mannis, Esther S. Kim. Epithelial downgrowth after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery Epithelialdowngrowth after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgerymerican. Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports 15 (2019) 100507
[2]. Le, Viet Nhat Hung, et al. "Epithelial downgrowth after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty." European journal of ophthalmology 31.2 (2021): NP27-NP32.
[3]. Viestenz, Arne, et al. "Epithelial invasion after open globe injury." Clinical Anatomy 31.1 (2018): 68-71.
[4]. Hu, Jennifer, et al. "Epithelial downgrowth after Ahmed implantation presenting as a peritubularfibrovascular membrane." Journal of glaucoma 22.6 (2013): e11-e13.