iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2014

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the biggest cause of deaths worldwide. Although CVDs typically occur in middle age or later, risk factors are determined to a great extent by behaviours learned in childhood and continued into adulthood. Adolescence provides an opportunity for teenagers to incorporate healthy lifestyle behaviours that will benefit them not only during the teenage years, but also throughout the life span. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of structured interventional strategy on knowledge, attitude and health behavior regarding prevention of selected modifiable CAD risk factors among adolescents in selected schools. An experimental (pre-test and post-test) design was adopted for this study. 80 adolescents were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups. A structured questionnaire, a five point likert scale, and a 4 point rating scale were used. A pre-test was administered followed by (video – assisted teaching). Three post-tests were given. The results revealed that, the overall paired 't' test in experimental group for knowledge was 24.86, for attitude 17.97 and health behavior 27.01 which were highly significant at P<0.001 level. The overall unpaired 't' test for 3rd post-test scores on knowledge was 42.39, for attitude 16.93 and for health behavior 39.49 which were highly significant at P<0.001 level. There was no significant correlation between the dependent variables and there was no significant association between pre-test knowledge, attitude and health behavior and selected demographic variables except for dietary patterns.

Keywords: Adolescents, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Selected modifiable CAD risk factors, structured interventional strategy.

[1]. WHO. Causes of death: 2008. Available from Url:http://www.who.int/ healthinfo./global_burden_ disease/CAD_2008_ sources_methods_ pdf.
[2]. WHO. Causes of death: 2008. Available from Url:http://www.who.int/ healthinfo./global_burden_ disease/CAD_2008_ sources_methods_ pdf.
[3]. WHO. Global status report on non-communicable diseases. 2010. Available from Url:http://www.who.int/ globalstatusreportonNCD.
[4]. WHO. Global health risks: mortality and burden of diseases. 2010. Fact sheets [serial online]. Available from Url:http://www.who.int/ mortality.
[5]. Yusuf et.al, The inter heart case-control study, Lancet, 364, 2004, 937-52.

Abstract: Background: Children are the most important asset and wealth of a nation. Healthy children make a healthy nation. The children under 15 years of age constitute about 40% of the population. The child is not a miniature, but an individual in his own right. The quality of childhood one has lived will determine the ultimate nature of the adulthood. Now a day, because of the rapid industrialization and urbanization, majority of young couples are employed, so unavoidably they get less time to look after their children. Under these circumstances, emotional, behavior and psychiatric problems are on the rise. Aims and objectives: The study aimed at assessing the knowledge of Primary school teachers regarding Selected Common Behavioural Problems of Children, evaluate the effectiveness of Structure Teaching Programme on Selected Common Behavioural Problems of Children and find out association between pre test knowledge score and selected demographic variables. Material and Methods: A one group pre-test post-test pre-experimental design and evaluative approach was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 primary school teachers conveniently selected from five primary schools of Vadodara.

Key words: Assess, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Structured teaching programme, selected common behavioral problems of children, Primary school teachers

[1]. Ladwig R J, Khan K A. School Avoidance: Implications for School Nurses. Journal of social and preventive nursing 2007; 12(3): 210-12
[2]. Centre for Community Child Health 2006, Behavior Problems pp 8, Downloaded from www.raisingchildren.net.au
[3]. ICD – 10 , World Health Organisation , Geneva 1992, 247 – 263PP
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Abstract: A specially designed questionnaire for the acceptance of the presence of Electronic Hospital (EH) in Taif community(involving University and governmental hospitals) showed that, regarding personal characteristics the nationality (92% are Saudi and 8% are non-Saudi), age (63%≤ 30yrs. and 27% ≥ 30yrs.), sex (35% are males and 65% are females) and regarding their education (doctor & Prof. 34% and bachelor 66%). Percentage of acceptance for the presence of electronic hospital(EH), Personal Electronic Medical File (PEMF), Personal Electronic Medical Site (PEMS) and PEMI showed 89%, 86%, 78% and 76% respectively. Incidence of future usage of PEMF showed; 82%, 79%, 85% and 67% were forlearningpatientshow to use PEMF, acceptance of patients' usage of PEMF, medical follow up in PEMF and side effect of the use of PEMF respectively.

Key words: EH (electronic hospital), PEMF(personal electronic medical files), PEMS(personal electronic medical site), PEMI(personal electronic medical information).

[1]. Smith C, Cowan C, Heffler S, Catlin A. National health spending in 2004: recent slowdown led by prescription drug spending. Health Aff (Millwood) 2006;25:186-196
[2]. McGlynn EA, Asch SM, Adams J, et al. The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2635-2645
[3]. Jha AK, Li Z, Orav EJ, Epstein AM. Care in U.S. hospitals -- the Hospital Quality Alliance program. N Engl J Med 2005;353:265-274
[4]. Chaudhry B, Wang J, Wu S, et al. Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:742-752
[5]. Blumenthal D, Glaser JP. Information technology comes to medicine. N Engl J Med2007;356:2527-2534

Abstract: Aim: To give easy remedy "Laughing" Skill to reduce the stress. Objectives: Old age is inevitable. But, it is possible to keep the mind agile and active to a great extent. The relation between age and stress is a close one. Aging may simply wear out the systems in the brain that respond to stress, so that they become inefficient. Methodology: A Quasi experimental study (non equivalent control group design) Study was conducted in old age homes of Jalandhar District on 60 samples. Purposive sampling technique was employed and two groups were formed, one control and other experiment. Then pre test was conducted through Semi-structured Interview Schedule, Laughing sessions were given to the Experimental group for two weeks (20-25 minutes). After two weeks post test was conducted on both groups. Result: Experimental group mean of level of stress score was (10.86) in pre test and (4.8) in post test, significant at p<0.05 level. On the other hand, in control group mean of level of stress score was (11.533) in pre test and (12.133) in post test and non significant at p<0.05 level. In the pre test of experimental group 1(3.3%), 0 and 29(96.66%) subjects fall in mild, moderate and severe level of stress respectively. In post test number of person increased in moderate 16(53.33%), mild 9(30%), level of stress. Only 5(16.66%) remained in the severe level of stress. Conclusion: It was concluded that the result of the study shows that laughter has a distinguishable effect on level of stress.

[1]. Park K. Essentials of Community Health Nursing. 3rd ed. M/s Banardsidas Bhanot; 2002 Jabalpur ; 656-58.
[2]. Sachdev Y R. 1988. Winning over the old age or the ageing process. Proceedings of the International Conference in Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. New Delhi, India. the Geriatric Society of India.
[3]. Neki N.S. Geriatric update caring for elderly……proceedings of the 8th international conference on geriatric care; Amritsar, Punjab; 2011; Geriatric society of India. P. 209-12,184-85, 226-33.
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[6]. Laughter is the Best Medicine. [online].2006, October 11. [cited10:59 2012 January 23] available from:URL: http://www.writework.c

Abstract: The Nurse scheduling problem (NSP) of this paper is to study and analyze the scheduling process in practice, and propose models and heuristics to improve both the process and the quality of the resulting schedule. Nurses should benefit from this study by having higher quality schedules while the employees in charge of scheduling should enjoy the positive benefits of an optimization tool to solve problem related to healthcare, which should guide their work and is certainly superior to suit and fallacy. The objective is to maximize the fairness of the schedule. This paper illustrates how the linear programming solves the nurses scheduling problem and how it has been effectively used in hospitals. A numerical illustration example of nurse scheduling for 8 hour shift is presented and the optimum solution is solved by Excel solver

Keywords: Nurse scheduling (NSP), Linear Programming Problem (LPP), Constraints, Objective function.

[1]. Aickelin, U., K. Dowsland. 2004. An indirect genetic algorithm for a nurse-scheduling problem. Comput. Oper. Res. 31(5) 761–778.
[2]. Azaiez, M. N., S. S. Al Sharif. 2005. A 0-1 goal programming model for nurse scheduling. Comput. Oper. Res. 32(3) 491–507.
[3]. Bailey, R., K. Garner, M. Hobbs. 1997. Using simulated annealing and genetic algorithms to solve staff scheduling problems. Asia-Pacific J. Oper. Res. 14(2) 27–43.
[4]. Berrada, I., J. Ferland, P. Michelon. 1996. A multi-objective approach to nurse scheduling with both hard and soft constraints. Socio- Econom. Planning Sci. 30(3) 183–193.
[5]. De Grano, M.L, Medeiros, D.G and Eitel, D.(2009). Accommodating individual preferencesin nurse scheduling via auctions and optimization, Health Care Management Science,12: 228 – 242

Abstract: Background: Perineotomy, or episio to myi sasurgically plan edincisionon the perineumand the posteriorvaginalwallduringsecondstageoflabor.The incision,which can be idlineoratanangle from the posteri or end of the vulva, is performed under local anesthetic (pudendaanesthesia), and issutured closed after delivery. It is one of the mostcommonmedicalproceduresperformedonwomen,andalthoughitsroutineuse in childbirth. Care of the episiotomy wound is required to protect from infection or post complication now a days the rate of episiotomy is increasing because of awareness and skilled worker for protect perineal laceration . Aims and objective: The aim of this study to evaluatetheexistingknowledge regardingepisiotomycare. To prepare and introduceplanned teachingprogrammer regarding episiotomycare. To evaluatethe differences between pretest and post test score. To determine the association between the posttest knowledge score and selected demographic variables. Material and Methods: A one group pre-test post-test pre-experimental design and evaluative approach was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 prmi para women conveniently selected hospitals of Vadodara. The content validity of the tool and teaching plan was established. The reliability of tool was established by testing the internal consistency by using Test -retest method. Results: Result of study indicate that p-value = 0.000 < 0.01 , the difference between the Pre-test and Post-test scores is highly significant at 1% level of significance this shows that the planed Teaching Programme on episiotomy care is effective. Conclusion: This study concluded that planed teaching program is effective tool to improve knowledge of primi para mother regarding episiotomy care.

Keywords: Assess, Effectiveness, planed Teaching Programme,episiotomy,hospiral,perineal laceration.

[1]. DuttaAnupama.;Effectivenessofmoistanddryheatapplicationonhealingof episiotomywound in postnatal mothers; Dissertation 2008.
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Abstract: Introduction: Children are the nation's most important assets. Preschool period is a fantastic time for a child to learn things. At the same time, they become easily frustrated. A large number of children suffer from behavioral problems at one time or the other during their development. Mothers should try to devote some time for their children to make them feel loved and special. Mothers should be able to detect any behavioral changes at the earliest. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the behavioral problems of preschool children among working mothers, assess the behavioral problems of preschool children among non-working mothers, compare the behavioral problems of preschool children between working and non working mothers and find out the association between behavioral problems of preschool children with selected demographic variables. Design: Non-experimental comparative survey design. Setting: Smart Kids Play School, Bharati English Medium School and Holy Angels Higher Primary School, Mangalore

Keywords: Behavioral problems, preschool children, working and non-working mothers

[1]. Vijayalakshmi K, Kumar CV, Rajamanickam H, Cherian A. Child rearing practices and psychological problems in children. Nursing and Midwifery Research Journal 2007 Apr; 3(2):49-51.
[2]. Datta P. Pediatric Nursing. 2nd edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2009.p.1, 186-192.
[3]. Perera H, Gunatunge C. Screening for mental health problems in urban preschool children- A pilot study. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 2004; 33 (2):39-42.
[4]. Duhan, Kaur P. Mental health promotion for school children. A manual for school teachers and school health workers. Regional office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Indian Psychological Review 2000; 122: 193-5.
[5]. Rai S, Malik SC, Sharma D. Behavior problems among preschool children. Indian Pediatrics 1993; 30(4):475-8.
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Abstract: AQuantitative Non experimental, cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the impact of mobile phone usage on the psychosocial wellbeing of student nurses. The study was conducted on 193 student nurses in the College of Nursing in Northern India. Samples were selected by stratified random sampling technique. The study results showed that 80% of the subjects were in the age group of 17 to 26 years. Out of the total subjects, 89% were females. The Participants had been using mobile phones since for the last 4 years. On an average, 76 % subjects spent 1 to 3 hrs. on mobile usage. Statistical significant association was found between Attention and concentration with age of participants. Gender was also found to have statistical significance with Socialization and communication. Females used phone more for socialization and communication. Highest mean SD was 17.42±4.33 for attention and concentration. Hence it can be concluded that usage of mobile phone certainly has an impact on psychosocial well- being of student nurses.

Keywords: Psychosocial Wellbeing, Mobile Phone Usage

[1]. Chen YF.Social phenomenon of mobile phone use.Taiwan ;chia –yi ;2006 ;cited on may 4 2013;219-44:available from http://www.nhu.edu.tw/~society/jccic/11/fu/11-06.pdf
[2]. Kristin M. Dehmler .Adolescents usage of Internet, cell phones, television, and computer on a daily basis affecting adolescents' quality and quantity of sleep, their attention difficulties and their academic performance.july2009;Available from: https://ritdml.rit.edu/bitstream/handle/1850/10656/20943_pdf_18352_B0BAE164-98D5-11DE-BA8A-049CF0E6BF1D.pdf
[3]. Martin C. Cell phone usage and concentration during class.[ homepage on internet]; 2010 ,Dec, 14 available from :http://www.unh.edu/news/docs/2010CellphoneUsageStudy.pdf
[4]. Schreiner E. Effect of mobile phone on student [ homepage on internet] ;[cited on may 4 2013]; (603) 750-3020 [ internet] ;Available from :http://www.ehow.com/list_5977357_effects-mobile-phones-students.html
[5]. Aila I, Oncha o, Muhinat B, BrahimI .Use of mobile phone in lecture room. Journal of education and practices; 2012 0ct ;3; Available from: http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/viewFile/2524/2540

Abstract: A study was conducted to explore the myths about mental illness among caregivers of mentally ill clients, in selected hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of people regarding mentally ill and mental illness. The present study aims at exploring the myths and facts about mental illness among the care givers of mentally ill clients and will help to bring more awareness among people. Non- experimental, Exploratory Survey design was used in the psychiatric O. P. D of selected Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The Sample was 100 caregivers of mentally ill clients, and convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. Major findings of the study suggest that out of total samples, 65% subjects fell in the age group of 18 – 38 years. Based on the responses of the participants in the study maximum number of caregiver had positive opinion towards mental illness. People know that mental illness is not God's punishment for past sins and only visiting holy shrines will not cure the person from mental illness. Therefore mental illness no longer carries a stigma, and it can be treated with positive results.

Keywords: Myths, Care givers, Mental illness

[1]. Narrow we. One-year prevalence of mental disorders, excluding substance use disorders, in the U.S. NIMH ECA prospective data (Unpublished). Available from URL: http://www.harboroaks.com
[2]. Suresh Bada Math, C. R. Chandrashekar & Dinesh Bhugra Psychiatric epidemiology in India. Indian J Med Res 126, September 2007, pp 183-192 cited on may 2012
[3]. Rohan Ganguli. Understand the weak link between mental illness and violent behavior, 2000 March 18. Available from: URL:http://www.post-gazette.com
[4]. Mental health statistics in India [homepage on internet] cited on march 2013 available from: http://www.acmiindia.com/ac/mental-health-statistics-in-india
[5]. Health diseases conditions in India[homepage on internet] cited on march 2013 available from: http://health.india.com/diseases-conditions/mental-illness-neglected-in-india/

Abstract: Background: Menstruation is a natural phenomenon among matured females who experience shedding of blood for 1-7 days every month from the age of maturity until menopause. On the other hand, hygiene-related practices during menstruation are of considerable importance for reproductive health, poor practices increase vulnerability to reproductive tract Infections. Aim: The present study aimed to improve level of knowledge and practices about menstrual hygiene among adolescents girls at Orphanage home. Methodology: Research design: A quasi-experimental design was used to met aim of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at seven Orphanage homes in Damietta City. Sample: The total sample was 234 adolescents girls, aged <14 - ≥16 years. They were assigned to either study and control groups. The study data were collected by a structure interview questionnaire sheet in three months . Results: The study revealed that there were highly statistically significant differences in total knowledge and practice score of the studied sample after implementation of educational program. Conclusion: The present study concluded that adolescents lacked appropriate knowledge and practices about menstruation in the pre- program phase. After implementation of the program considerable improvements were noticed in adolescents girls' knowledge and practice . Therefore the educational program was successful in attaining its aims of positively changing the knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene. Recommendations: Development of in-service training program for health care providers who take care of adolescent girls at orphanage home about issues related to menstruation and reproductive health

Keywords: Menstruation , menses, menarche, adolescent and menstrual hygiene.

[1]. Dhingra R, Kumar, A; and KourM. Knowledge and Practices Related to Menstruation among Tribal (Gujjar) Adolescent Girls. Ethno-Med.2009; 3(1): 43-48.
[2]. Diaz A, Laufer R, Breech L. Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign. Pediatrics. 2006 ; 118 :2245-2250
[3]. Begum J, Hossain AM and Nazneen SA. Menstrual Pattern and Common Menstrual Disorders among Students in Dinajpur Medical College . Dinajpur Med Col J.2009; 2 (2):37-43.
[4]. Deo DS, Ghattargi CH. Perceptions and practices regarding menstruation: a comparative study in urban and rural adolescent girls Indian J Community Med 2005;30:33-4.
[5]. Aniebue UU, Aniebu PN, Nwankwo TO . The impact of pre- menarcheal training on menstrual practices and hygiene of Nigerian school girls. Pan African Medical Journal. 2009: 2(9), 27-36.

Abstract: The study aims at assessing the awareness of visual inspection with acetic-acid in cervical cancer screening among health workers in secondary health care institutions of Kaduna state. An Ex-post facto design was used for the study. The study population comprises all nurses, midwives, and nurse-midwives working in all the secondary healthcare institutions of the state. The sample size used for the study was 300 using the Yamane sample size selection formula. The technique involved was stratified sampling method whereby the three existing senatorial zones served as strata. Each of the stratum was clustered according to the existing local government areas. A purposive sampling was further used to select nine local governments, three from each senatorial zone that have secondary health care institutions. A proportionate sampling was used to distribute questionnaire copies to the health workers. The instruments used for data collection was a questionnaire which was structured base on a modified likert scale to four point scale. Three hundred (300) questionnaire copies were administered out of which (297) were retrieved. The data collected was analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two sample t- test at 0.05 level of confidence to answer the hypothesis. Findings from the study shows that nurses in secondary healthcare institutions of Kaduna-state are not aware of using VIA in cervical cancer screening with an aggregate mean score of (2.2288). There is significant difference in the demographic variables of ( age-group, sex, professional category, and secondary health care institutions) in the awareness of VIA among nurses in Kaduna-state(p<0.05). It was therefore recommended that the state hospitals management board in collaboration with the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria should mount awareness campaign for nurses through seminars and workshops to make them fully aware of the VIA.

Key words: Awareness, Visual inspection, Acetic-acid, Nurses.

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[4]. Carr, K.C., and Sellors, J.W.,(2004).Cervical cancer screening in low resource settings;using visual inspection with acetic acid. Journal of Midwifery Womens Health (2004); 49(4); pp 329-337. Pub med.
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