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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Peculiarities of Rotifer Fauna in Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia |
| Country | : | Ethiopia |
| Authors | : | Dr. B. Sai Ram Pattnaik |
Abstract: Among the water bodies in Ethiopia, the Lake Hawasa is one of the many freshwater shallow lakes found in the central Ethiopian Rift Valley. The extended littoral vicinity of the Lake was rich of several benthonic and pelagic zooplanktons such as Protozoans, Rotifers, Crustaceans, and several weed bed fauna like annelids, insects as well as fishes. Rotifers, among all the zooplanktons found abundantly and scattered widely in the lake. The abundance was not only in species but also in population. About eighteen forms of rotifers were recorded in the lake belonging to several orders.
[1]. Bamtstedt, U., Gifford, D. J., Irigoien, X., Atkinson, A. and Roman, M. (2000). Feeding. In: Zooplankton Methodology Manual, pp. 323–330, (Harris, R.P., Wiebe P.H., Lenz J., Skjoldal H. R. and Huntley M., eds). Academic Press, San Diego.
[2]. Brook Lemma (2003). Ecological changes ib two Ethiopian lakes caused by contrasting human intervention. Limnologica 33:44-53.
[3]. Carlson, R.E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 22:361–369.
[4]. Carney, H.J. and Elser, J.J. (1990). Strength of zooplankton-phytoplankton coupling in relation to lake trophic state. in Large Lakes: Ecological Structures and Functions, pp. 615–631, (Tizler M.M. and Serruya C. eds). Springer-Verlag, New York.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Gene Therapy: Nipping genetic defect at its root |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Mohona Gupta |
Abstract: The long awaited solution to treat the genetic defects successfully has finally taken shape. Advanced research is on full swing and there has already been several successful trials on several systems. It is not the only solution to genetic defects but by far, the most promising of all available methods. Several ways of implementing this therapy has been devised, the major being in-vivo and ex-vivo while others being the local and systemic gene delivery based on the method of modification. The retrovirus, adenovirus and the adenoassociated virus are among the best suited vectors (all of which are viral vectors) because of their permanent expression of the therapeutic gene. Non-viral vectors have their own advantage such as low immunogenicity, greater capacity for therapeutic DNA, etc. Gene therapy has paved a way in the treatment of inherited diseases, cancers and acquired disorders. Human gene therapy has proven to be a significant addition to the armory of research going on to eradicate the perceived incurable diseases.
Keywords: genetic defects, in vivo, ex vivo, gene delivery, therapeutic gene
[1]. Rocholl B. 1996. Gene Therapy : Revolutionizing Medicine , available athttp://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc431/students/brandi.htm [last accessed on 21 April, 2015]
[2]. What is Gene Therapy. Gene Therapy Net.com , available at http://www.genetherapynet.com/what-is-gene-therapy.html [ last accessed on 21 April , 2014 ]
[3]. Wang Dan.2014. State-of-the-Art Human Gene Therapy: Part I. Gene Delivery Technologies. Discovery Medicine, available at http://www.discoverymedicine.com/Dan-Wang/2014/07/state-of-the-art-human-gene-therapy-part-i-gene-delivery-technologies/[last accessed on 21April, 2015]
[4]. What is Gene Therapy. Learn.Genetics : Genetic Science Learning Center, available athttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/genetherapy/gtintro/ [last accessed on 21April, 2015]
[5]. Amer MH. 2014. Gene therapy for cancer: present status and future perspective.Molecular and Cellular Therapies. doi:10.1186/2052-8426-2-27.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Characterization of β-thalassemia mutations from north Maharashtra region |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Mohammad Ismail Ansari || Nisar G Patel |
Abstract: Beta thalassemia is a serious public health problem in India. Due to lack of awareness among affected population and facilities for thalassemia testing, carrier frequency in some communities is high.In this report, the spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations were defined in patients of β-thalassemia major and carriers with varying disease severity in north Maharashtra region of India (mainly from the Dhule and Nandurbar districts) by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). The six most common β-thalassemia mutations were detected, which included IVSI-5 (G–C), IVSI-1 (G–T), codon 8/9 (+G), codon 15 (G–A), codon 41/42 (−TCTT) and 619 bp deletion. These accounted for 85% in 93 patients of β-thalassemia major and carriers and 15% remained uncharacterized in these patients. The most common mutation was found to be IVSI-5 (G–C) in 10 (27.8%) out of 36 β-thalassemia major, and 21 (36.8%) out of 57 β-thalassemia carriers. Followed by codon 41/42 (–TCTT) and codon 8/9 (+G), the overall frequencies reported for these two mutations were 15.1% and 14.0% respectively. Fourteen cases did not show any of six mutations. The β-thalassemia mutation patterns revealed from this study not only help affected families but also health care system for making future plans to reduce the incidence by proper counseling.
Keywords: β-thalassemia major, β-thalassemia carrier, ARMS-PCR, globin gene, IVSI-5 (G–C), IVSI-1 (G–T)
[1]. D. J. Weatherall, andJ. B. Clegg, Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem,Bull WHO,(79),2001, 704-712.
[2]. N. Y. Varawalla, J. M. Old, R.Sarkar,R. Venkatesan, and D. J.Weatherall, The spectrum of beta thalassemia mutation on the Indian subcontinent: the basis of prenatal diagnosis,Brit J Haematol,78(2), 1991,242-247.
[3]. N. Y. Varawalla, J. M. Old, andD. J. Weatherall, Rare β-thalassemia mutations in Asian Indians,Brit J Haematol, 79,1991, 640-644.
[4]. J. M. Old, N. Y.Varawalla, andD. J. Weatherall, The rapid detection and prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia in the Asian Indian and Cypriot populations in the UK,Lancet,336,1990, 834-837.
[5]. A. Bandyopadhyay,S. Bandyopadhyay, M. D. Chowdhury, and U. B. Dasgupta, Major β-globin gene mutations in Eastern India and their associatedhaplotypes,Hum Hered, 49, 1999, 232-235. [6]. I. C. Verma, R. Saxena, E. Thomas, and P. K. Jain,Regional distribution of beta-thalassemia mutations in India,Hum Genet, 100(1),1997, 109-113.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparative Microbiological Assessment of Export Oriented Fishes and Locally Marketed Fishes of Bangladesh |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Mst. Khadiza Begum || Mohammad Mamun Chowdhury || Wahida Haque || Tanzinah Nasrin |
Abstract: For this study five species of fish were selected. The selected fish samples were Magur (Clarias batrachus), Mola (Amblyopharyngodon mola), Pabda (Ompok pabda), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Koi (Anabas testudineus). Fish samples were collected from four fish processing plants, four local fish markets and four super shops. The study revealed that SPC in fish processing plant samples ranged from 2.32×104 to 4.95×105 cfu/g, TCC from <3 to15 MPN/g and TFC from <3 to 7.4 MPN/g. In samples of local fish markets SPC, TCC, TFC ranged from 2.89×105 to 2.98×107 cfu/g, 15 to 460 MPN/g, 11 to 240 MPN/g, respectively. In fish samples of super shops SPC, TCC, TFC ranged from 5.96×104 to 5.16×106 cfu/g, <3 to 240 MPN/g, <3 to 120 MPN/g respectively. Salmonella spp. was detected in most of the samples of local fish markets and few samples of super shops and only two samples of fish processing plant.
[1]. DOF, Matsha shangkalan. Department of Fisheries. Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014.
[2]. BFFEA (Bangladesh Frozen Foods Exporters Association), Bangladesh exports statistics, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2010.
[3]. Begum, M., Ahmed, A.T.A., Das, M. and Parveen, S., A Comparative Microbiological Assessment of Five Types of Selected Fishes Collected from Two Different Markets. Advances in Biological Research 4 (5), 2010, 259-265.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phytochemical content of the leaf, stem and root of Micrococca mercurialis (L.)Benth. A promising herb. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sai Prasanna C. G || Poongani .M || Karpagam .S |
Abstract: The drug evaluation and bioassay of traditional herb has gained more importance in the world of pharmacognosy. Plants which are available in our locality has to be studied and registered for their medicinal uses, that gains more value in the scientific field. One among them is Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth with vernacular name pulladi(tamil) a small herb belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. This herb has ethanobotanical importance in curing sores, rheumatic pain and constipation. Phytochemical analysis of this plant was done in four solvents namely petroleum benzine, chloroform, acetone and methanol separately with leaves, stem and root. The phytochemical screening analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, amino acids, diterpenes terpenoids, proteins, oxalate, cardiac glycosides, xanthoproteins, anthocyanin and saponin.
Keywords: constipation, pharmacognosy, phytochemical analysis, rheumatic pain, solvents, sores.
[1]. Abdul Wadood1*, Mehreen Ghufran1, Syed Babar Jamal1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ajmal Khan2, Rukhsana Ghaffar3 and Asnad1. Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants Occurring in Local Area of Mardan. Biochemistry &Analytical Biochemistry Wadood Biochem Anal Biochem 2:4 2013,. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000144.
[2]. Nostro A, Germanò MP, D'angelo V, Marino A, Cannatelli MA Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. Lett Appl Microbiol 30: (2000) 379-384.
[3]. Krishnaiah D, Sarbatly R, Bono A Phytochemical antioxidants for health and medicine: A move towards nature. Biotechnol Mol Biol Rev 1: (2007) 97-104.
[4]. Mahato SB, Sen S (1997) Advances in triterpenoid research, 1990-1994.Phytochemistry 44: 1185-1236.
[5]. Kappers IF, Aharoni A, van Herpen TW, Luckerhoff LL, Dicke M, et al Genetic engineering of terpenoid metabolism attracts bodyguards to Arabidopsis. Science 309 (2005) : 2070-2072.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation and Identification ofTrichomonasvaginalisparasite in AL hilla city / Iraq |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | SuraAbdulKhaliq || Maher Ali ALquraishi |
Abstract: The current study was conducted in the period fromOctober 2014 to April 2015 to investigate the epidemiology of trichomoniasis in Hilla city, the total number of examined sample are 636(urine samples was 445 for different ages of women in addition to 131 vaginal swab samples and 60 urine samples from the husbands of women infected with parasite), collected from hospitals, medical centers, and special clinics.The samples were examined by direct smear method and wet preparation method in hospital and medical centers laboratories and the advanced parasites laboratory in the college of the Science / Babylon University.The result shows the total infection rate in urban for vaginal swab 27.93% and higher in rural 34.44%.The total infection rate for femalein rural by urine samples 18.42% and lower in urban 7.77%, As for the women infected husbandsThe infection rate is very highin rural 96.29% and lower in urban79.63%.
[1]. Cates, W Jr.(1999). Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States.American Social Health Association Panel. 26(4 Suppl):S2–7.
[2]. Chesson, HW. ; Blandford, JM. & Pinkerton, SD. (2004).Estimates of the annual number and cost of new HIV infections among women attributable to trichomoniasis in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 31:547–51.
[3]. Fleming, DT. &Wasserheit, JN. (1999).From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm.Infect . 75:3–17.
[4]. Garcia, L. S. (2007).Diagnostic Medical Parasitology.5th ed. ASM press.Washington D. C. P. 126.
[5]. Merdaw, Maysoon Abdul-zahra ;Al-Taei, LazimHameed ; Al-Bashier, Nada Taha and Al-Mayah, QasimSharhan. (2014). Epidemiological Study of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Iraqi Women.International Journal of Advanced Research. Volume 2, Issue 9, 920-925.
[6]. Salman, YahyaJirjees& Abdul Kareem, Esraa. (2013). Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis among Females Attending Private Gynaecological Clinics in Kirkuk Province Using Different Laboratory Methods.Journal of Kirkuk Medical College.Vol. 1, No. 2.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Induction of cell death through alteration of antioxidant activity in HeLa cervical cancer cells by Xanthium strumarium L. extract. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Khanjan Vaishnav || Linz-Buoy George || H. N. Highland |
Abstract: Xanthium strumarium, is a coarse unarmed annual herb with alternate lobed leaves, bur-like flower-heads, and small oblong fruits covered with curved hooks. The plant is reported to have diaphoretic, diuretic, sudorific, CNS depressant and styptic properties. Decoction of the plant is used in urinary and renal complaints, gleet, leucorrhoea and menorrhagia. In the present study, we used hydro-alcoholic extract of the plant against Hela cell line to check the efficacy. HeLa cells were treated with the extract of Xanthium strumarium with the concentrations 12.5, 25 and 50g/ml at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Treated as well as untreated cells were analyzed for Lipid Peroxidation, as well as antioxidant defense enzymes, namely: Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Gluathione S-Transferase (GST), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Gluathione Reductase . The inhibition of antioxidants Glutathione, SOD and Catalase and increased levels of Lipid Peroxidation were observed in a concentration and time dependant manner. Together, our results suggest that the extract of Xanthium strumarium induces HeLa cell death by altering the antioxidant levels.
Key words: Xanthium strumarium · HeLa cell line · Antioxidative · LPO · SOD · Catalase · GSH· GST · GPx · GR
[1]. D.W Kufe and J.F.Holland. J.F.C.m. Cancer medicine 6, Edn. 6th ed. (Decker, Hamilton, Ont., London. 2006, 1084-1092.
[2]. A.McWhirter, D. Oakes and A. Steyn . Reader‟s Digest: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Knowledge (Cape Town, Reader‟s Digest Association (Pty) Limited). 1996.
[3]. Griffith O.W and Meister A. Potent and specific inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (S-n-butyl homocysteine sulfoximine). J. Biol. Chem., 254, 1979, 7558–7560.
[4]. M. Benlloch, A.Ortega, P. Ferrer, R.Segarra, E.Obrador, M. Asensi, J Carretero and J.M. Estrela. Acceleration of glutathione efflux and inhibition of - glutamyltranspeptidase sensitize metastatic B16 melanoma cells to endothelium-induced cytotoxicity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry., 280 (8), 2005, 6950–6959.
[5]. F. Gosse., S. Guyot, S. Roussi, A. Lobstein , B. Fischer B, N. Seiler , F. Raul. Chemopreventive properties of apple procyanidins on human colon cancer-derived metastatic SW620 cells and in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis., 26, 2005, 1291-5.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Degradation Study of Methylcobalamin Injection and Change in pH by Thermal Stress |
| Country | : | Pakistan |
| Authors | : | Yasir Mehmood || Irfan Bashir, Hammad Yousaf || Usama Jamshaid || Muhammad Jamshaid || Imtiaz Majeed |
Abstract: Trigeminal neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, facial paralysis and megaloblastic anemia can be treated by the use of Methylcobalamin injection. An accurate, simple, economical, precise and reproducible UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed for the assessment of Methylcobalamin in injection dosage form and validated by ICH guidelines. The standard solution (10μg/ml) was scanned between 200-400 nm and maximum absorption was recorded at 353 nm. The assay results originated98.94%. The percent recovery was calculated as 99.05% to 100.50 %. The linearity range of 10-50 μg/ml proved that it obeyed Beer's Law.
[1]. Rogers, L.E., F.S. Porter, and J.B. Sidbury, Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia. The Journal of pediatrics, 1969. 74(4): p. 494-504.
[2]. Furuta, Y., et al., Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in patients with Bell's palsy. Journal of medical virology, 1998. 54(3): p. 162-166.
[3]. Jannetta, P.J., Arterial compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia*. Journal of neurosurgery, 1967. 26(1part2): p. 159-162.
[4]. Ganesan, M., et al., A SIMPLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF MECOBALAMIN IN INJECTIONS. International Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012. 4(3).
[5]. Shete, A., et al., SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND METHYLCOBALAMIN BY UV SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD. International Journal of Pharmacy, 2013. 3(4).
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation of genomic DNA from Escherichia coli K12 strain by using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Ketkar Ketaki || Dr. Vora Dipak || Meghshree Deshmukh |
Abstract: The nanoparticles which are synthesized by thermal reduction method are shelled having the core of Fe surrounded by Fe2O3. The synthesized nanoparticles are embedded inside as well as on the surface of activated carbon matrix. The nanoparticles are subjected to characterization using SEM and XRD. The particle size was found to be around 60-100nm. A very simple and inexpensive method for extracting bacterial genomic DNA was developed. A comparison was also made using conventional phenol-chloroform method and commercially available DNA extraction kit to check for the amount of DNA obtained. The developed method using nanoparticles took less time to extract DNA when compared to phenol-chloroform and kit method.
Key Words: Bacterial genomic DNA, Escherichia coli K12, Extraction of Genomic DNA, Iron oxide nanoparticles SEM.
[1]. Z.M. Saiyed, C. Bochiwal, H. Gorasia, S.D. Telang and C.N. Ramchand, Magnetic DNA Purification: History and recent developments, Analytical Biochemistry, 356, 306 (2006).
[2]. Pattanayak Monalisa et al Ecofriendly Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles from various plants and spices extract, International journal Of Plant, Animal And environmental sciences, 6th December 2012, vol 3, Issue 1 Jan-March-2013.
[3]. A. Sebastianelli, T. Sen and I.J. Bruce, Extraction of DNA from soil using nanoparticles by magnetic bioseparation, The Society for Applied Microbiology 17 January 2008.
[4]. Robinson P.J; Dumill P. and Lilly, M.D. Properties and magnetic supports in relation to immobilized energy reactors, Biotechnol Bioeng 15, (1973) 603-606.
[5]. Sunkara B., Zhan, J., He, J., McPherson, G. L., Piringer, G., John, V. T. Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Supported on Uniform Carbon Microspheres for the In situ Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2010, 2, 2854–2862.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Efficiency of Antagonistic PGPR isolates of Bt and non Bt cotton rhizosphere from Telangana on seed germination and seedling vigor index |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A.B. Rajithasri || P. Prathyusha || T. Ashokvardhan || K. Satyaprasad |
Abstract: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present study, a total of 76 bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of Bt and Non Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants were screened preliminarily for antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinifectum and 23 were selected. Study of seed germination and seedling vigour index under the influence of 23 antifungal selected isolates was performed. Further they were characterized on the basis of colony morphology, gram staining. These PGPR strains were observed to be effective in improving seed germination and vigour index. Thus, use of biological application of these free living plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may help to minimize the amounts of chemical fertilizers to be added, to improve plant growth, thereby decrease the production cost and environmental risks.
Keywords: PGPR, cotton, antifungal activity, seed germination, vigor Index.
[1]. S.C. Wu., Z.H. Cao., Z.G. Li., K.C. Cheung and M.H.Wong, Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial, Geoderma., 125, 2005, 155– 166.
[2]. J.W. Kloepper, and M.N. Schroth, Relationship of in vitro antibiosis of plant growth - promoting rhizobacteria to plant growth and the displacement of root microflora, Phytopathol. 71, 1981, 1020-1024.
[3]. A. Khalid, M. Arshad, and Z.A. Zahir, Screening plant grgrowth_promoting rhizobacteria for Improving growth and yield of wheat, Journal Applied Microbiology, 96, 2004, 473-480.
[4]. J.W. Kloepper, Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria as biological control agents. In Meeting, F.B. Jr. Soil Microbial Ecology. Applications in Agricultural and Environmental Management. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993.
[5]. J.R. De Freitas, M.R. Banerjee, and J.J. Germida, Phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria enhance the growth and yield but not phosphorus uptake of canola (Brassica napus L.), Biology of Fertility Soils, 24, 1997, 358-364.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Optimization And Evaluation Of Prazosin Hydrochloride Floating Microspheres Using Response Surface Methodology |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Vanitha kondi || Ramesh alluri |
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to get the floating microspheres of Prazosin hydrochloride and to sustain the drug to overcome the side effects as postural hypotension.A central composite design based on the response surface method was used.The preparations were made by emulsion-solvent evaporation method.In this study, a three-factors, three levels Central composite design with drug-polymer ratio (X1), Solvent ratio (X2) and Speed (X3) as independent variables were chosen for the formulation. The microspheres were evaluated for physicochemical parameters as shape, size, buoyancy percentage and drug entrapment efficiency. SEM studies showed good topology of microspheres.
[1]. Singh, B. N., & Kim, K. H. Floating drug delivery systems: an approach to oral controlled drug delivery via gastric retention. Journal of Controlled Release. 2000; 63(3): 235-259.
[2]. Chien YW (1992) . Novel drug delivery system. 2nd ed; Vol. 50, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 161- 172.
[3]. Khar RK, Vyas SP (2002) . Targeted and controlled drug delivery novel carrier system, 1st ed.; CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 417- 441 [4]. Whitehead, L., Fell, J. T., Collett, J. H., Sharma, H. L., & Smith, A. M.. Floating dosage forms: an in vivo study demonstrating prolonged gastric retention. Journal of controlled release.1998; 55(1): 3-12. [5]. Rouge, N., Leroux, J. C., Cole, E. T., Doelker, E., & Buri, P.. Prevention of the sticking tendency of floating minitablets filled into hard gelatin capsules.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics.1997; 43(2): 165-171.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles mediated cosmetic cream and cotton gauze on Candida strains |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Al-Sayed A.M Al-sherbini || Sherif S. Ragab || Hanaa H. El-Sayed |
Abstract: A simple one step rapid synthetic route is described for the preparation of silver nanoparticles by reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) using cotton gauze in aqueous solution and oleic acid which acts as reducing and capping agent. Oleic acid coated silver nanoparticles used as base in cosmetic cream. The formation of silver nanoparticles is assured by characterization with UV/VIS spectroscopy, the absorbance of the silver nanoparticles is observed at λmax. = 412 nm. TEM images show that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape with ~ 5–15 nm dimensions. The antimicrobial activity of as synthesized silver nanoparticles is tested against the different of Candida strains the bacterial growth is inhibited by gradual reduction of the concentration of the silver nanoparticles. The results showed thatthe silver nanoparticles displayed antibacterial activity towards different Candida strains. It can be concluded that the effect of antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is higher in the cases (cotton gauze and cosmetic cream).
Keywords: silver nanoparticles - cotton gauze and cosmetic cream - Candida strains
[1]. Fidel Martinez-Gutierrez et al, (2010): Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of silver and titanium nanoparticles Nano medicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine 6, 681–688
[2]. Llorens, A., Lloret, E., Picouet, P. A., Trbojevich, R., & Fernandez, A. (2012): Metallicbased micro and nanocomposites in food contact materials and active food packaging, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 24, 19e29.
[3]. Hong, S. I., &Rhim, J. W. (2008): Antimicrobal activity of organically modified nanoclays.Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 8, 5818e5824.
[4]. Bi, L., Yang, L., Narsimhan, G., Bhunia, A. K., & Yao, Y. (2011): Designing carbohydrate nanoparticles for prolonged efficacy of antimicrobial peptide. Journal of Controlled Release, 150, 150e156.
[5]. J.W. Rhim, L.F. Wang, S.I. Hong, (2013): Preparation and characterization of agar/silver nanoparticles composite films with antimicrobial activity Food Hydrocolloids 33, 327-335
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Occurrence records of Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) in Southern West Bengal and impact of anthropogenic interferences in its habitat |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Mitra, S. || Sultan, S || Sen, S |
Abstract: The present study was conducted by WWF-India, West Bengal State Office on Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica Roxburgh, 1801) during 2010-13 to assess its distribution pattern. Occurrence of this freshwater cetacean in River Hooghly and its tributaries of Southern West Bengal between 24 °30´-21 °51´N latitude and 88 °03´- 88 °10´ E longitude have been observed and recorded during the study period. The study was carried out in 6 districts of South Bengal by a small team of observers on channels of Hooghly River and its tributaries with direct observations following a systematic and standard survey method. Piscivorous dolphins still occur in several fragmented pockets of the river channels here, all of which have their specific characteristics with respect to geographic location, nature of water and land use, frequency of human settlements and water depth.
[1]. Anderson, J. 1879. Anatomical and Zoological Researches: Comprising an Account of Zoological Results of the Two Expeditions to Western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875; and a Monograph of the Two Cetacean Genera, Platanista and Orcella. Bernard Quaritch, London, UK. [2]. Bashir, T., Behera,S.K., Khan, A., Gautam, P., 2012. An Inventory of mammals, birds and reptiles along a section of the river and banks of Upper Ganges, India. J. Threatened Taxa. 4(9), 2900–2910.
[3]. Behera, S. K. , Singh, H. and Sagar, V. 2013. Status of Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in the Ganga River Basin, India: A review, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 16:4, 425-432
[4]. Jones, S. 1982. The present status of the gangetic Susu, Platanista gangetica (Roxburgh), with comments on the Indus Susu, P. minor Owen.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Pathological Abattoir Survey of the Reproductive Tracts of non Pregnant Camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iraq |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Salih J. Wajid |
Abstract: An abattoir survey of the female reproductive tracts of 80 camels was conducted to evaluate the gross and microscopic abnormalities. An incidence of (32.5%) of disorders was recorded from 26 female. 16 camels (20%) had uterine lesions and 10 camels (12.5%) had ovarian lesions. Salpingitis occurred in three camels (3.75%) that also had uterine inflammations. Uterine inflammations were 12 cases (16.25%), and they were classified as subacute haemorrhagic endometritis (2.5%), chronic lymphocytic endometritis and metritis (12.5%). Other uterine lesions were 10 cases (12.5%), including adenomyosis (3.75%), uterine serosal inclusion cyst (1.25%), calcification of uterine blood vessels (BV) (5%) and obliterative endarteritis (2.5%). The 10th ovarian defects were ovarian inclusion cysts (2.5%), paraovarian cyst (1.25%), follicular cysts (2.5%), and finally, ovarian tumors, including hyperplasia of theca cells (1.25%), and (2.5%), of cystadenoma and a papilliferous cystadenoma. The study revealed that chronic meteritis and salpingitis were the important problems in female camel, and this change may cause infertility, so further studies is needed to determine the impact on camels' fertility and if treatments will prevent development of chronic types.
Keywords - camel; pathology; female genital tract; Iraq
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Fibrinogen Levels In Ischemic Stroke |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. B.Haritha M.D || Dr. B.Sangeetha M.D || Dr. Matta Sreevani M.D |
Abstract: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability throughout the World.Several studies have clearly indicated that stroke does not occur suddenly, and there are many factors which precede stroke by several years. Hypertension is considered the main risk factor for cerebral thrombosis as well as cerebral hemorrhage. In most cases stroke is merely an incident in the slowly progressive course of a generalized vascular disease. Several prospective trials revealed that fibrinogen has a strong predictive power in ischemic stroke and numerous pathways have been identified through which fibrinogen can promote atherothrombosis .Some of the prospective studies suggest that there may be synergy between high plasma fibrinogen levels and hypertension in the onset of ischemic heart disease and stroke.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Anthelmintic and α-amylase Inhibition Effects of Ethanol Extract and Its Different Fractions of Rhaphidophora Glauca (Wall.) Schott Leaves |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Mohammad Shah Hafez Kabir || Mohammed Munawar Hossain || Abul Hasanat || Md. Mominur Rahman || Md. Abdullah Al Masum || Mahmudul Hasan || A.T.M. Mostafa Kamal |
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of ethanol extract and its fractions of Rhaphidophora glauca leaves in anthelmintic (in vitro) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (in vitro). Methods: Leaves of Rhaphidophora glauca was extracted with pure ethanol and fractioned with chloroform (CHFRG), petroleum ether (PEFRG), n-hexane (NHFRG) and ethyl acetate (EAFRG), which are tested for anthelmintic activity on aquarium worm Tubifex tubifex by using three concentrations viz., 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml of each. α-amylase inhibitory activity estimated by modified starch iodine protocol. Result: Among the EERG and various fractions, PEFRG exhibited strong anthelmintic activity in vitro. Where it paralyzed (4.54±0.39 min) and produced death (8.37±0.86 min) of the Tubifex tubifex at 20 mg/ml dose near the value of the standard, Levamisole (3.3±0.38 min and 6.5±0.76 min) at 1 mg/ml. EERG and its all fractions showed good α-amylase inhibitory activity, but PEFRG [IC50=1.757±0.025mg/ml] showed highest activity among them as compared to Acarbose.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Studies on the Pollution Status of the Fresh Water Pond at Sulur, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. M. Lekeshmanaswamy || K. Anusiyadevi || C. A. Vasuki |
Abstract: The toxic effect of Potassium chromate on some biochemical characteristics (total protein, carbohydrate and lipid in gill, muscle, liver and kidney) of the Catla catla fish were estimated. The data showed that the biochemical parameters was declined during all the exposure periods. The biochemical content was reduced by the increase of concentration of the metal.
Keywords: Catla catla, Biochemical, LC50 and Toxicity.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Interleukin-10 and Receptors in Treatment Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| Country | : | China |
| Authors | : | Koikoi Kebe Bilivogui || Ansoumane Kourouma || Cai liping || Li xiao Yi || Xiongwen Wu |
Abstract: The progressive destruction of cartilage and bone in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) cause substantial effects in the synovial membrane and, this is dangerous for rheumatoid arthritis patients, macrophages play a potent stimulating role in synovial inflammation. Accordingly, we purposed in this review to study both treatment of AR by interleukin 10 (IL-10), and receptors with signalization pathway IL-10/Jak/Stat3. Recent work indicates that the production of IL-10 in a target is important in animal models for the relief of AR. Previous studies on animals have provided that IL-10 administration could ameliorate the symptoms of AR. In addition, IL-10 receptors (rIL-10) application in human clinical test versus in AR date a decade.
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