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Abstract: Reptiles are cold blooded vertebrates which breath by lungs throughout their existence and have the body covered by scales. The skull articulates with the vertebral column by a single median occipital condyle. This is the way reptiles can be distinguished by other vertebrates. Ajmer is located in the center of Rajasthan (INDIA) between 25 0 38 " and 26 0 58 " north Latitude and 73 0 54 " and 75 0 22" east longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481sq km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills . About 7 miles from the city is Pushkar lake created by the touch of lord Brahma.........
Keywords: Faunal diversity, Lizards, Snakes, Aravalis, Ajmer.
[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajmer. [2]. Alfred, J. R. B., A. K. Das and A. K. Sanyal.2002.Ecosystems of India.Published by the ENVIS Centre,Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. 410 pp. [3]. A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach. Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper.189 : 1- 73.Baqri, Q.H., Rathore, N.S., Prakash, I and Kankane, P.L. 2004.Studies on Faunal diversity in the Thar desert of Rajasthan . Final Technical Report submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India. 313pp. [4]. Editor-Director. 2000. Fauna of Gujarat (Part 1). Published by Director,Zool. Surv. India,Kolkata.8:1 -464.Editor [5]. Director Zoological Survey of India 2004. Fauna of Gujarat (Part 2). Published by Director,Zool. Surv. India,Kolkata.8: 1-427.Editor-Director. 2004. Fauna of Desert National Park, Rajasthan (Proposed Biosphere Reserve).
Abstract: Background: Sickle cell anaemia, a type of haemoglobinopathy is associated with biochemical abnormalities such as imbalance of electrolytes. Aim: To determine and evaluate saliva as a biochemical indicator for electrolyte estimation in sickle cell anaemic patients. Materials and methods: 30 children in the age group of 4-12 years were split into two equal groups: sickle cell anaemia group and control group. 2 ml of blood and unstimulated salivary sampleswere collected aseptically and assayed to determine the values of Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca++) and Chloride (Cl--) using ABL 800 Flex Analyzer and XundaXd 600 electrolyteanalyzer.........
Keywords: Children, Electrolytes, Saliva, Serum, Sickle cell anaemia.
[1]. Agoreyo FO, Nwanze N, Plasma sodium and potassium changes in sickle cell Patients, International Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology,2, 2010,014-019. [2]. Urade BP, Haemoglobin S and βThal: Their Distribution in Maharashtra, India, International Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 9, 2013, 75-81. [3]. Gupta V, Singh AK, Saha J, Nigam P , Baburaoa SK, Singh N, Variation in serum electrolyte in sickle cell patients in chhattisgarh population. International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries, 2, 2012,239-243. [4]. Pandey S, Sharma A, Biochemical Indicator of Sickle Cell Disease, Preliminary Report from India, Ind J ClinBiochem, 27, 2012,191-195. [5]. Oladipo OO, Temiye EO, Ezeaka VC, Obomanu P, Serum, magnesium, phosphate and calcium in Nigerian children with sickle cell disease, West Afr J Med, 24, 2005,120-3.
Abstract: The prevalence of fungal infections has raised in recent years due to an increasing population of immunosuppressed patients, intensive immunosuppressive chemotherapy, increasing awareness of fungal infections, and the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics .Therefore, in the last few years, the development of novel diagnostic methods has been regarded a critical issue. A multiplex PCR strategy allowed the identification of 8 clinically relevant yeasts of the Candida genus, namely C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C.........
Keywords: Candida, candidemia, diagnostic, identification, PCR, multiplex
[1]. Vincent, J. L., Anaissie, E., Bruining, H., Demajo, W., el Ebiary, M., Haber, J., Hiramatsu, Y., Nitenberg, G., Nystrom, P. O., Pittet, D., Rogers, T., Sandven, P., Sganga, G., Schaller, M. D., and Solomkin, J. (1998) Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of systemic Candida infection in surgical patients under intensive care. Intensive Care Med. 24, 206–216. [2]. Sandven, P. (2000) Epidemiology of candidemia. Rev. Iberoam. Micol.17, 73–81. [3]. Garber, G. (2001) An overview of fungal infections. Drugs 61, Suppl. 1, 1–12. [4]. Gow, N. A. (1997) Germ tube growth of Candida albicans. Curr.Top. Med. Mycol. 8, 43–55. [5]. Mitchell, A. P. (1998) Dimorphism and virulence in Candida albicans. Curr.Opin. Microbiol. 1, 687–692.
Abstract: Since Pityriasis rosea has often been linked to upper tract respiratory infections and an increased incidence is reported among groups with close physical contact (eg, families, students, and military personnel), since ampicillin increases the distribution of the eruption, an effect bearing a striking resemblance to the drug's effect on the rash of some types of infections and substantially PR occurs often in co-presence with Acne vulgaris (that is characterised besides of inflammatory factors from the presence and activity of the.........
Keywords: Gilbert's Pityriasis rosea, Vidal's PR circinata, Hardy's PR disseminata ,clotrimazole, panthenol.
[1]. Rapini RP, Bolognia JL.; Jorizzo JL. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Ed. Mos [2]. "Pityriasis rosea". American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. Retrieved 26 Jan 2010. [3]. Freedberg; et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 445. [4]. Habif, TP; (2004). Clinical Dermatology: A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy (4th ed.). Mosby. pp. 246–8 [5]. Shalita AR, James Q, Rosso D, Webster GF; American Acne & Rosacea Society., Acne vulgaris; Informa healthcare, 2011.
Abstract: 42yr old patient was admitted in hospital with complaints of blurred vision swelling of feet and generalized weakness for more than 2 months. General examination revealed that his BP was 210/110mmHg with pulse 104/min, having bilateral pitting edema .He is a known case of hypertension ,and is now being diagnosed as accelerated hypertension and is treated for it.
[1]. Weinstein MC, Stason WB. Hypertension, a policy perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976.210 [2]. van Zee BE, Hoy WE, Tally T, Jaenike JR. Renal injury associated with intravenous pyelography in nondiabetic and diabetic patients. Ann Intern Med !978;89:51-54 [3]. Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson JL. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, 2005.
[4]. Shantsila A, Shantsila E, Lip GY; Malignant hypertension: a rare problem or is it underdiagnosed? Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;8(6):775-9.
[5]. Hypertension: management of hypertension in adults in primary care; NICE Clinical Guideline (August 2011)
Abstract: The present study investigated the effect of dietary changes on differential and total haemocyte counts (THCs) and midgut histopathologiocal changes of S. gregaria injected with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). THCs of Bti-injected adults significantly decreased in all insects fed on all experimental plants. In Bti-injected locusts, prohaemocytes (PRs) percent decreased in insects fed on grass and quietly disappeared in other treatments. plasmatocytes (PLs) percent increased, while the granulocytes (GRs) decreased in all tested insects fed on sorghum.........
Keywords: Bti; haemocytes; histopathology; immunology; midgut ; Schistocerca gregaria
[1]. Alaux, C., F. Ducloz, D. Crauser and Y. Le Conte 2010. Diet effects on honeybee immunocompetence. Biol. Lett., 6 (4): 562-565. [2]. Aljedani, D. M., A. A. Al-Ghamdi and R. M. Almehmadi 2010. Comparative study in midgut histological structure of queen and worker Yemeni honey bees Apis mellifera jemenitica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in pupae and adult stages under natural nutrition. The Assiut Univ. Bull. Environ. Res., 13 (2): 63- 76. [3]. Anandakumar, M.D. and A.S. Michael 2011. Haematology and haemochemistry of silkworm, Bombyx Mori L. infected with Bacillus thuringiensis. Int. J. Environ. Sci., 2 (2): 451- 457. [4]. Andrade, F. G.; M. C. C Negreiro; S. M. Levy; I. C. B. Fonseca; F. Moscardi and A. M. F. Falleiros 2010. Hemocyte quantitative changes in Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae infected by AgMNPV. Braz. Arch. Biol. and Technol., 53 (2): 279-284. [5]. Artis, D. 2008. Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut. Nat. Rev. Immun., 8: 411–420.
Abstract: Large number of birds are found in Red Sea region since there was no potential predators found in that region and hence the birds were selected it as a feeding and breeding ground for the sea and shore birds. The research site was around 0.05 sq.kms and it constitute about 50% of the island with mangrove cover and this also added for it for a nestling of their off-springs. The island with rich of Avicenna marina as a mangrove forests will cover most for shelter and breeding to these birds either migratory or resident birds and will act as symbiotic relationship with the birds..........
Keywords: Sheik Said Island, Salicornia, Sacred Ibis, Whimbrel , Red sea region, Massawa
[1]. Chriss Hillman. 2006. Handbook of during a voyage in the Red Sea. Ibis (1) 1: 337-352. [2]. Clapham, C. S. 1964. The birds of Dahalak Archipelago, Ibis, 106: 376-388 [3]. De March, G., Chiozzi, G., Semere, D., Galeotti,P., Boncompagni,F and Fasola, M. 2006. Nesting, Overwintering and Conservation of the Crab Plover Dromas, 67: 45-47. [4]. Emil, K. Urban and Jeffery Boswell. 1969. Bird Observation from the Dahalak Archipelago, Ethiopia, Bull Br. Orn. Cl. 89: 21-1209 [5]. Salvadori, F. B. 1954. Spedizione subsequea italiana. Note biolgiche sugli uccelli dell Isole Dahalak. Riv. Ital. Orn. 24:98-124
Abstract: Two new methods are developed for simultaneous determination of dipyrone (Dip) and camylofin dihydrochloride (Cam) in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation (Spasmopyralgin M® tablet) using hyoscine butyl bromide as internal standard (I.S.) to further increase the applicability of the methods. The first method was based on HPLC separation of studied compounds using 250 x 4.6 mm (i.d.) phenomenex (5μm particle size) C18 column as stationary phase and mixture of 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 5.3 using acetic acid) and acetonitrile as mobile phase..........
Keywords: Dipyrone, camylofin dihydrochloride, comparative study, HPLC, HPTLC and hyoscine butyl bromide.
[1]. A Jasiecka, T. Maślanka, J. Jaroszewski, Pharmacological characteristics of metamizole, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 17(1), 2014, 207-14. [2]. N W Ali, M. Gamal, M. Abdelkawy, Simultaneous determination of hyoscine butyl bromide and dipyrone in their binary mixture by RP-HPLC method, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 3(5), 2012, 29-36. [3]. T S Belal, E. F. Khamis, F. A. El Yazbi and M.M.A. Hamdy, High performance liquid chromatographic determination of the ternary mixture of caffeine, dipyrone and drotaverine hydrochloride in tablets dosage form, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 3(06), 2014, 033-039. [4]. F F Belal, M.K. Sharaf El-Din, M.M. Tolba and H. Elmansi, Determination of two ternary mixtures for migraine treatment using HPLC method with ultra violet detection, Separation Science and Technology, 50(4), 2015.
Abstract: Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic protozoan "free-living" widely distributed in nature and is a potential pathogen for Man. It is responsible for pathologies inherent in the CNS, the cornea , the skin, especially in immunocompromised subjects. An adult subject of 70 years old, suffering from acute pharyngitis, was subjected to a cytological sampling of the pharyngeal mucosa by means of the modified Ayre spatula type A from Armone Caruso, to perform either a coloring method according to the May-Grunwald - Giemsa, and observed under the microscope optical with oil immersion at 100 x of fifty fields, that a preparation for observation under the SEM.( Scanning Electron Microscope,)...........
Keywords: Acanthamoeba, Pharynx, Cytological Evaluation, Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope
[1] R.Siddiqui, A.Khan, Biology and pathogenesis of amoeba. Parasites Vectors. 5, 2012,1-6. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305 [2] S.Klivington, DG. White, Acanthamoeba: biology, ecology and human disease. ClinMicrobiol Rev. 5,1994,12- 20. [3] PI.Gunawan, A. Idarto, D. Saharso, Acanthamoeba Infection in a Drowning Child, Ethiop J Health Sci.26(3), 2016 ,289-92 [4] ] VA. Dunand, SM. Hammer, R. Rossi,M.Poulin,MA.Albrecht,JP Doweiko,PC.De Girolami, E.Coakley, E.Piessens,CA.Wanke, Parasitic Sinusitis and Otitis in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Report of Five Cases and Review. Clinical Infectious Diseases 25,1997,267–72 [5] EW.Godofsky, J. Zinreich, M.Armstrong, JM.Leslie, CS Weikel, Sinusitis in HIV-infected patients: a clinical and radiographic review. Am J Med 93,1992, 163–70
Abstract: The influence of body weights on Plasmodium falcifarum clearance in malaria positive children was conducted using AT+SP and AQ+SP combination therapies, at the malaria holo – endemic and risk settlements of lake - alau, North Eastern Nigeria. A total of 313 children (6 - 59 months) were admitted into the study, to assess the efficacies of the combination therapies in children (6 - 59 months) using the effects of Body weights (kg) on parasite densities. Each child's weight was determined on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14 and 28 during the follow up periods. The drugs were administered between 0-3 days...........
Keywords: Bodyweight, children, lake-Alau , Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, treated
[1] Adjei, G. O., Kurhals, A. J., Rodriguez, O. P., Alifrangis, M., Hoeberg, L. G., Kitcer, E. D., Badoe, E. V., Roberto, L. and Goka, B. O. (2008), Amodiaquine+Artesunat vs Arthemether-Lumefantrine for uncomplicated malaria in Ghanian children a randomized efficacy and safety trial with one year follow-up. Malaria Journal. 7:,2875-2877. [2] Adjuik, M., Babiker, A., Garner, P., Olliaro, P., Taylor, W. and White, N. (2004) , Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis. Lancet. 363: 9-17. [3] Agomo, P. U. Meremekwu, M. Watila, I. M., Omeh, I. J., Odey, F. A., Oguche, S., Ezeiru, V. J. and Aina, O. O. (2008), Efficacy safety and tolerability of artesunate and mefloquine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in four geographical zones of Nigeria. Malaria Journal. 7: 172-177. [4] Bloland, P. B., Kachur, S. P. and Williams, H. A. (2003, Trends in antimalarial drug deployment in sub- Saharan Africa. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 206: 3761-3769. [5] Bello, S. O., Muhammad, B. Y. I., Bello, A. Y., Ukatu, A. I., Ahmad, B. M., Adeneye A. A. 1., Cherima, J. Y. (2005), The pattern of infection and in vivo response to chloroquine by uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in northwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology. 4(1): 79-82.
Abstract: Dental practitioners in Pakistan usually encounters dental patients having systemic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate frequency of systemic problems in association to age and gender. A retrospective analysis was performed using medical histories of 2958 patients requesting dental treatment during the year March 2012 to March 2015. The information extracted were the following: demographic data (age and gender), presence or absence of systemic diseases. Descriptive and comparative analysis were done using SPSS Windows statistical software package version 17.0.Chi- square test was the choice of analysis to test the significance of the undertaken objectives..........
Keywords: Dentist, Diabetes mellitus, Hepatitis, Hypertension, Pakistan, Retrospective, software
[1]. S Bhateja, High prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among other medically compromised conditions in dental patients: A retrospective study, J Cardiovasc Dis Res, 3(2), 2012 Apr-Jun,113–116. [2]. M. M Muñoz ,Y.J Soriano, R.P Roda ,G Sarrión, Cardiovascular diseases in dental practice. Practical considerations, Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 13,2008,296–302. [3]. A.J Cerveró, J.V Bagán, Y.J Soriano,R.P Roda, Dental management in renal failure: Patients on dialysis, Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal,13, 2008, 419–26. [4]. E.R Pamuk, D.K Wagener,M.T Molla, Achieving na-tional health objectives: The impact on life expectancy and on healthy life expectancy, Am J Public Health, 94, 2004,378–83.
Abstract: An ethnobotanical study was conducted to investigate the use of medicinal plants Sub region Logo Anseba, Region Gash Barka, of Eritrea. Information was gathered from 100 informants and 25 are traditional healers, using semi-structured questionnaire and the informants were selected systematically. In total 115 species belonging to 90 genera and 49 families were recorded. Taxa commonly used belong to 4 families such as Fabaceae (11.7 %), Lamiaceae (8.3%), Solanaceae (7.5%) and Asteraceae (6.7%) in number of species. Shrubs formed a major component (43.6%) while herbs, trees, climbers and trailing herbs constitute 36.1 %, 17.3 %, 2.3% and 1.5 % respectively...........
Keywords: Ethnobotany, conservation, healthcare, indigenous knowledge, traditional medicinal plant
[1] Abbink, J. (1995): Medicinal and Ritual Plants of the Ethiopian South West An account of Recent Research. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, Vol3 (2): pp6-8. [2] Amare Getahun (1976): Some Common Medicinal and Poisonous Plants Used in Ethiopian Folk Medicine.Ethiop.J. Biol. Sci., Vol3, pp. 63. [3] Bayafers Tamene (2000): A Floristic Analysis and Ethno botanical Study of the Semi Wet land of Cheffa Area, South Wello, Ethiopia. M. Sc. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. [4] Cotton, C. M. (1996): Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.Chichister, England, Vol 1: pp 347. [5] CSOGB (2010): Central Statistical Office of Region Gash Barka Eritrea.
Abstract: Liver has great capacity to detoxify toxic substances and synthesized useful principles. Therefore, damage to the liver inflicted by hepatotoxic agents is of grave consequences. Protein malnutrition produces profound effects on biochemistry and physiology of the body as well as growth failure of most body organs. Cisplatin is a member of anticancer drugs that elicits many hepatotoxicity. The study was carried out to investigate the possible hepato-curative and hepato-protective effect of l-arginine either alone or in combination with silymarin against hepatotoxicity resulted from cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) treatment in normally fed and protein malnourished male albino rats...........
Keywords: Antioxidant status, Cisplatin, Hepatotoxicity, L-arginine, Protein malnutrition.
[1]. Y Horie, R Wolf, J Russell, T P Shanley, D N Granger Role of Kupffer cells in gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction in mice. Hepatology 26: (1997) 1499-1505. [2]. A Wolf, C F Trendelenburg, C Diez-Fernandez, P Prieto, S Houy, et al. Cyclosporine A-induced oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 280: (1997) 1328-1334. [3]. D G Deavall, E A Martin, J M Horner, R Roberts Drug-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. J Toxicol 2012: (2012) 645460. [4]. S Y Park, Y J Kim, S Y Lee, J G Lee, H R Hwang, et al. Vitamin-Mineral Supplement Use Patterns in Elderly Koreans: Data from the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Fam Med 37: (2016) 123-129. [5]. S Gopalan, S Saran, R Sengupta Practicalities of nutrition support in chronic liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 3: (2000) 227-229.
Abstract: Selected Cameroonian plants have been investigated for their antifungal and antibacterial activity against five species: four bacteria, namely S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the yeast C. albicans. The solvents used for plant extraction were either ethanol or water. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by disk diffusion and microdilution method. The aqueous extracts showed no activity whereas the ethanolic extracts showed a significant antibacterial activity, which may be associated to the high content in tannins shown by some of the extracts. In conclusion, this work adds to the accumulating evidences supporting the development of new alternatives to antibiotics based on the use of natural products
Keywords: Antibiotics, MIC, phytochemical investigation, Streptococcus mutans
[1]. WHO. The Promotion and Development of Traditional Medicine, 1978. [2]. P. Fyhrquist, L. Mwasumbi, C. A. Hæggström, H. Vuorela, R. Hiltunen, P. Vuorela, Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial investigation on some species of Terminalia and Combretum (Combretaceae) growing in Tanzania, J Ethnopharmacol 79, 2002, 169–177. [3]. X. Yang, D.K. Summerhurst, S.F. Koval, C. Ficker, M.L. Smith, M.A. Bernards, Isolation of an antimicrobial compound from Impatiens balsamina L. using bioassay-guided fractionation, Phytother Res, 15, 2001, 676–680. [4]. R. Fenner, M. Sortino, S.M. Kuze Rates, R. Dall'Agnol, A. Ferraz, A.P. Bernardi, et al, Antifungal activity of some Brazilian Hypericum species, Phytomedicine, 12, 2005, 236–240. [5]. P.K. Mukherjee, G.S. Saritha, B. Suresh, Antimicrobial potential of two different Hypericum species available in India. Phytother Res, 16, 2002, 692–695
Abstract: Physico-chemical parameters of Venkammacheruvu in Veeraghattam, Andhra Pradesh, have been studied to understand the phytoplankton composition for twelve months (May 2014 to April 2015). A total of 75 genera belongs to four major groups such as chlorophyceae (32 ) Bacillariophyceae ( 16) Cyanophyceae (23) and Euglenophyceae (4 ) were reported. The phytoplanktonic concentration decreased during monsoon season, but increased rapidly with decline in water current and turbidity during post-monsoon months. The lower values for the plankton communities during monsoon season may be attributed to high inflow of water from the...........
Keywords: Phytoplankton, Physicochemical parameters, Venkammacheruvu, Srikakulam (Dist).
[1]. Achary, S., Sahu, M., Mohanty, G., Samatara, A. K., Panigrahy, M. K., Selvanayagam, S. N., Satpathy, K. K., Prasad, M. V. R., and Panigrahy, R. C. Phytoplankton abundance and diversity in the Coastal waters of Kalpakkam, east coast of India in relation to the environmental variables. The Bioscan. 2: 553-568 (2010). [2]. Anand, N. 1998 Indian Freshwater Microalgae Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. India.1-94 [3]. APHA. 2012. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22nd Ed. American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) & Water Environment Federation (WEF), Washington D.C., U.S.A. 1175pp. [4]. Agale, M. C., Patil J. V ., and Patel, N.G. Study of seasonal variations of Phytoplankton and their correlation with physicochemical parameters of Budaki Medium Irrigation Tank, Shirpur. Dist.Dhule(M.S.) India. European Journal of Zoological Research, 2013, 2 (3):8-16
Abstract: The present paper describes possible connections between antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) - Protease Inhibitor Drugs, used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) encountered predominantly in the liver. Similarly, hepatitis B and /or C virus confection has been associated with a greater risk of Drug – Induced liver Injury, compared with those with no Hepatitis. The study includes prescriptions of 50 HIV seropositive patients (aged between 10 and 50 years) who reported...........
[1]. Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL, Chaisson RE, Moore RD. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with HEPATOLOGY, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2002 SULKOWSKI ET AL. 187 human immunodeficiency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection. JAMA 2000;283:74-80. [2]. Den Brinker M, Wit FW, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Jurriaans S, Weel J, van Leeuwen R, Pakker NG, et al. Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection and the risk for hepatotoxicity of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2000;14:2895-2902. [3]. Nunez M, Lana R, Mendoza JL, Martin-Carbonero L, Soriano V. Risk factors for severe hepatic injury after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;27: 426-431. [4]. Martinez E, Blanco JL, Arnaiz JA, Perez-Cuevas JB, Mocroft A, Cruceta A, Marcos MA, et al. Hepatotoxicity in HIV-1-infected patients receiving nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy. AIDS2001;15:1261-1268. [5]. Saves M, Vandentorren S, Daucourt V, Marimoutou C, Dupon M, Couzigou P, Bernard N, et al. Severe hepatic cytolysis: incidence and risk factors in patients treated by antiretroviral combinations. Aquitaine Cohort, France, 1996-1998. Groupe dEpidemiologie Clinique de Sida en Aquitaine (GECSA). AIDS 1999;13:F115-F121.
Abstract: Back Ground And Objectives: POSSUM and P-POSSUM equations have been validated and used extensively in general surgery and subspecialties, but its use in emergency setting has not been that extensively studied. Hence the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of POSSUM scoring as a risk assessment tool in predicting morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing Emergency laparotomy for hollow viscus perforation and to study the correlation between accepted and institutional standards..............
[1]. Sagar PM, Hartley MN, Mancey-Jones B, Sedman PC, May J, Macfie J. [2]. Comparative audit of colorectal resection with the POSSUM scoring system. Br J Surg 1994; 81:1492-1494. [3]. Copeland GP, Jones D, Wilcox A, Harris PL. Comparative vascular audit using POSSUM scoring system. Ann R CollSurgEngl 1993; 75: 175-177. [4]. Copeland GP, Sagar P, Brennan J, Roberts G, Ward J, Cornford P et al. Riskadjusted analysis of surgeon performance: a 1-year study. Br J Surg 1995; 82:408-411. [5]. Murray GD, Hayes C, Fowler S, Dunn DC, Presentation of comparative audit data. Br J Surg 1995; 82: 329-332.
