iosr-JPBS   Volume-11 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2016

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate and compare anti-inflammatory effect of Heparin and Enoxaparin with the standard drug Diclofenac sodium. Methodology: Rat paw edema induced by carrageenan was the experimental model. Albino rats weighting 130 to 180 grams of either sex were taken and divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Heparin 800 units/kbw was given to test group1, Enoxaparin 200 mcg/kbw was given to test Group II, Diclofenac sodium 25mg/kbw was given to standard group and 0.5ml normal saline was given to control group. Rats were injected intraperitonially (ip) with respective drugs 30minutes prior to administration of carrageenon. 0.1ml of 1%carrageenan was injected into the sub-plantar space of rat right hind paw. Rat paw volumes were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3 hours with the help of mercury plethysmometer...............

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory effect, Carrageenan, Enoxaparin, Heparin, Raw paw edema.

Abstract: Free radicals are toxic byproducts of natural cell metabolism and are responsible for causing a wide number of health problems. In this study Hexane extract, Ethylacetate and Ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa Linn leaves were evaluated In vitro by experimental parameters such as DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In various parts of india Annona squamosa Linn is used as an antidiabetics, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic activity, genetoxicity, antitumour activity, anti lice agent. It is related to contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, fixed oils, tannins & phenolic. Leafextracts of Annona squamosa was prepared with three different solvent from nonpolar to polar grade and obtained extracts were screened In Vitro using DPPH free radical scavenging method. Ourof all the three extracts ethylacetate extract has shown significant antioxidant action................

Keywords: Annona squamosa, antioxidant activity, DPPH radical

Abstract: The aim of the present investigation to development and evaluation of bi-layer drug delivery system of aceclofenac to produce rapid and continuous action throughout the treatment to increase the patient compliance. Drugs with short half life cannot maintain the plasma drug concentration at the therapeutic levels for a longer period of time. So as to decrease the dosing frequency and increase the patient compliance sustained release bi-layer tablets were designed. Developed immediate release instant and rapid action and sustain release maintain the plasma drug concentration level..............

Keywords: Bi-layered tablets, Aceclofenac, SSG, HPMC K4M, PVP K30

Abstract: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is one of the leading causes of liver cancer. In the present investigation, the anti-hepatitis B virus activity of two plants viz. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. and Cassia fistula L. were evaluated through in silico method and identified potential lead molecules. The HBx protein was selected as the target protein and its three dimensional structure was retrieved from Protein Data Bank. A total of 154 phytochemicals were docked with the target protein. Of these, structures of 45 phytochemicals from B. monnieri and 51 phytochemicals from C. fistula were procured from the PubChem database. The 2D structures of the remaining 45 phytochemicals from B. monnieri and 13 phytochemicals from C. fistula were created using ACD ChemSketch and its 3D structures were generated using the tool CORINA...............

Keywords: Bacopa monnieri, Cassia fistula, HBx, Tuberculosis, Protein, Docking, Phytochemicals.

Abstract: Rice is the staple food rice processed products are usually consumed by the people of Indonesia. Changes of rice into the rice occur because gelatinize the starch granules contained in rice. When the raw starch put into cold water, the starch granules absorb water and swell. However, the amount of water absorbed only around 30% and Swellings were limited. This swelling occurs because the kinetic energy of the water is stronger than the force of attraction between molecules of starch granules, so that water can get into the grains of starch. Water absorption and swelling of the starch granules can be improved by raising the temperature White rice nutritional content per 100 grams (g), among others, energy 540 kJ / 129 kcal, fat 0.28 g, 0.076 g saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat 0.075 g, monounsaturated fatty 0.087 g, cholesterol 0 mg, protein 2.66 g, 27.9 g carbohydrates, 0.4 g fiber, 0.05 g sugars, 365 mg sodium, 35 mg potassium

Keywords: rice cooker, Rice, microbial,

Abstract: As a part of ongoing research work on the prevalence and epidemiology of enteric parasites associated with HIV/AIDS patients, field visits were made in the Churachandpur district of Manipur during the period of February to May 2016, with a view to assess the occurrence/prevalence of opportunistic parasites in these immuno-compromised group of patients. During this field visit, a 40 year old HIV seropositive female, who worked as an outreach worker in one of the drug de-addiction centres, complained of experiencing diarrhoea since two and half months back..............

Keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides, HIV infection, Strongyloides stercoralis

Abstract: Graphene oxide plays a vital role in recent trends of chemical reactions thanks to the consisting of multifunctional groups such as COOH, C=O, CHO, C6 H5, OH and Epoxy groups. Graphene oxide has been synthesized from graphene powder by modern hummer's method. Curcumin was synthesized from turmeric powder. The compounds were purified by column chromatographic technique. Dimethoxy curcumin was bind with the graphene oxide by autoclave method............

Keywords: Graphene oxide, curcumin, Graphene oxide loaded curcumin scaffold, Antibacterial activity on UTI Bacteria

Abstract: Background and objective; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a modern day epidemic. Chronic course of diabetes is detrimental to the cognitive functions Anti-diabetic drugs like insulin, oral-hypoglycemic agents (OHA) slow the progression of dementia and their by improving the cognitive status. In this study we compared the cognitive status among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with different anti-diabetic drugs. Methods; A prospective observational study is conducted in a group of 150 type 2 mellitus outpatient and............

Keywords: Cognitive impairment; Diabetes mellitus; oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA); Insulin

Abstract: Medicinal plants were discovered by man through the food demand, and since then, are used empirically for the treatment of conditions, or in the form of infusion, decoction or another, with the purpose to cure or at least alleviate the suffering of the patient has great historical importance, and also at the present time for various population groups.The use of plants with therapeutic properties in treating diseases is called herbal medicine. The species Lyciumbarbarum, known as Goji Berry isa solanaceafamily plant found in China and Himalayan regions, positioned for millenniums........

Keywords: Lycium barbaru, Goji Berry, Hematology, Biochemistry, Herbal medicines.

Abstract: Public contact surfaces such as door handles frequently touched with hands can act as vehicles of diseases transmission. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the presence or absence of bacterial contaminants present on the door handles of public toilet in the Federal University, Dutse, Jigawa State, north-western Nigeria in order to take the necessary remedial measures. The study analyzed eighty-five (85) swab samples from public toilets door handles within the university campus. Sterile swabs were firmly pressed on the various door handles; up/down, left/right and diagonally. Samples collected were cultured and incubated at 370C for 24 hours........

Keywords: Public toilets, Door handles, Bacteria, Contamination, University

Abstract: Clothes and garment delousing has been for centuries a very important trouble and manifold researches had attempted to loose the problem, employing heat or cold vapours of petroleum derivatives, or camphor or naphthalene. Most recently aromatherapy has shown some quite appreciable results as far as this concern is involved, since all methods forecasting the usage of petroleum derivatives and naphthalene tend to ruin garment and let those become stinky and difficult to be worn by individuals. I have discovered and revisited an ancient recipe by G. van Swieten from Leiden, personal physician of Maria Theresa of Austria. I have obtained very thrilling results that encourage its employ in all kinds of garment for all ages and sexes.

Keywords: Van Swieten solution, Pediculus Humanus capitis, Pediculus Humanus corporis, Pediculus Humanus pubis, Melophagus ovinus.

Abstract: Carbamazepine (CBZ), relatively water insoluble anti epileptic candidate was selected as a model drug for the study, which is BCS class II drug (low soluble and high permeable). Solid dispersions were formulated with an aim of improving aqueous solubility, oral bioavailability and the rate of dissolution of Carbamazepine using different hydrophyllic polymer like Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 4000, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 1500, kollidon 30, HPMC 6 cps, poloxamer 407 and povidone k 30. Binary and ternary solid dispersions were prepared by physical misxing as well as fusion method with different drug-to-polymer weight ratio.............

Keywords: Carbamazepine, DTA, FTIR, fusion method, PEG 6000, poloxamer 407, SEM, solid dispersion

Abstract: Isoxazole derivatives have been prepared bycondensing alpha-naphtholwith acetic unhydrideres pectively. While compounds have been synthesized by the reaction of3-(1-methoxy napthalen-2-yl)-5-phenylisoxazole.All the compounds were screened for their antifungalactivities. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were established on thebasis of elemental analyses, IR. The newly synthesized heterocyles were characterized basedon their chemical properties and spectroscopic data, and were found to inhibitFusariumoxysporum

Keywords: Isoxazole derivatives,Fusariumoxysporum,anti-fungal activity.

Abstract: The use of Moringa oleifera seed as an ingredient in the formulation of nutraceuticals has gained prominence in recent times. This study investigated the acute and sub-acute effect of the ethanol extract of M. oleifera seed. For the acute toxicity study a total of 17 mice were used, and the LD50 of the extract calculated using the geometric mean method. The sub-acute test involved 15 rats, separated into three groups of five rats each. Two of the groups were orally administered 100 and 200 mg kg-1 of the extract for 28 days, whereas the control received normal saline. Serum samples from the rats were subjected to hematology and LFT analyses using auto-analysers..............

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, nutraceuticals, ethanol extract, toxicology, Wister rats, haematology.

Abstract: Designing ophthalmic drugdelivery system to a target tissue of the eye has become a major challenge for scientists.The aim of the present study was to formulatedesloratadine (Des) in different ophthalmic preparations as eye gels and ocuserts using cellulose derivativessuch as methylcellulose (MC), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Sod.CMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). These formulae were examined with respect to drug content, pH, viscosity, in-vitro release, and stability for 6 months. Kinetic analysis of release data was done. Ocular bioavailability of desloratadine from the selected formulations was of prime interest. Collectively,all formulations exhibited accepted drug content, pH, and viscosity. The drug release was varied with polymer type and dosage form in the order of ocuserts>eye gels, being the highest for HPMC preparations that also exhibited the greatest stability.........

Keywords: Desloratadine, Ocular bioavailability,Ophthalmic formulations, polymers, stability

Abstract: The probiotic potential of bacterial species isolated from local honey samples were analyzed by microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods. A total of 17 Gram positive bacterial isolates were recovered from local honey samples and tested for their hemolysin, coagulase, DNase, Lipase, Lecithinase and Gelatinase producing abilities, respectively. The isolates (5) lacking the tested virulence phenotypes were selected for identification by 16S rRNA sequencing. The probiotic characteristics of the isolates was determined by testing their resistance to acid, bile, antimicrobial spectrum against pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity profile. Furthermore, the identified bacillus species were screened for the presence of virulence genes including Enterotoxin-T (bceT), cytotoxin K (cytk), hemolysin BL (hblA, hblC, hblD) and non-hemolytic enterotoxin gene (nhe). All results were analyzed statistically.........

Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, B.megaterium, Brevibacillus brevis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Honey samples, Probiotic bacteria.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of quinazoline linked oxazines throughamide linkage have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibition against inflammation. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR FTIR and mass spectral data and tested for in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity using Carrageenan induced paw inflammatory model as well as docking studies were performed in order to elucidate structural insights for the anti-inflammatory activity. The investigation of anti-inflammatory activity screening and Docking results showed that the compound QOA-b exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity among all the synthesized compounds..........

Keywords: Amide linkage, anti-inflammatory activity, docking studies,, oxazine,Quinazolinone, etc