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Abstract: The recent studies on Nimbolide, a robust cervical anticancer agent was identified for the separation of Nimbolide from Azadirachta indica berry collected from Ranga Reddy- Dist, the seeds were initially isolated, dried and transformed into coarse powder. The seed core was defatted and concentrated using methanol in a soxhlet apparatus. The methanolic extract obtained from seeds is subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC] by direct reverse phase method for isolation of Nimbolide using Molecular Docking of Nimbolide through Molecular Operatin Environment [MOE] 2008 software...............
Keywords: Azadirachta Indica, Cervical Cancer, 5-Fluorouracil, (HeLa) Henrietta Lacks cell line, Molecular Docking, Nimbolide.
[1]. Salehzadesh A, Akhkha A, Cushley W, Adams RLP, Kusel JR, and Strang RCH, The antimitotic effect of the neem terpenoid azadirachtin on cultured insect cells Insect, Biochemistry Molecular Biology, 33(7), 2003, 681–689. [2]. Subapriya R, and Nagini S, Ethanolic neem leaf extract protects against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, (4), 2005, 215–223. [3]. Subapriya R., Kumaraguruparan R, and Nagini S, Expression of PCNA, cytokeratin, Bcl-2 and p53 during chemoprevention of hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by ethanolic neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract, Clinical Biochemistry, (39), 2006, 1080– 1087. [4]. Harish K. G, Chandra Mohan K.V.P, Jagannadha R. A, and Nagini S, Azadirachtin a limonoid from Azadirachta indica inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells, Invention New Drugs, (27), 2009, 236–252. [5]. Nagini S, Bhuvaneswari V, and Subapriya R., Ethanolic neem leaf extract induces apoptosis in the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model by modulation of BCL-2, BIM, caspase 8 and caspase 3, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, (6), 2005, 515-520.
Abstract: Background: Vitamin D inadequacy constitutes an increasingly recognized comorbidity among Saudi populations. There were limited data about its prevalence in Saudi children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Saudi children and adolescents with T1DM in Albaha region, southwestern of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 117 Saudi children and adolescents with T1DM. These patients were recruited from Albaha diabetic center, Saudi Arabia. The range of age of the participants was 1–18 years.. All participants were subjected to history taking...............
Keywords: 25 hydroxy vitamin D, Saudi, Type 1 diabetes, vitamin D deficiency
[1]. Harrison LC,Honeyman MC, Morahan G et al., "Type 1 diabetes: lessons for other autoimmune diseases?" Journal of Autoimmunity, vol. 31, no. 3, 306–310, 2008.
[2]. Craig ME, Hattersley A, and Donaghue K, "Definition, epidemiology and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents," Pediatric Diabetes, vol. 7, no. 10, supplement 12, pp. 3–12, 2009.
[3]. Forlenza GP and RewersM. "The epidemic of type 1 diabetes: what is it telling us?" CurrentOpinion in Endocrinology,Diabetes and Obesity, vol. 18, no. 4, 248–251, 2011.
[4]. Kriegel MA, Manson JE, and Costenbader KH. "Does vitamin D affect risk of developing autoimmune disease?: a systematic review," Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 40, no. 6, 512–531, 2011.
[5]. Cutolo M, Pizzorni C, and Sulli A. "Vitamin D endocrine system involvement in autoimmune rheumatic diseases," Autoimmunity Reviews, vol. 11, 84–87, 2011.
Abstract: Seventy clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained from two tertiary care hospitals in Taif Governorate, Saudi Arabia and investigated for their susceptibility to 15 antibiotics of different classes using antibiotic disc diffusion method. Amikacin and imipenem were the most active antibiotics while, ampicillin was the least active. Multiple drug resistance was detected in 52.9% of the isolates which were resistant to 3-6 antibiotics of three or more different classes. All isolates were tested for their ability to produce β-lactamases in general and extended spectrum β-lactamase in particular by iodometric overlay method using penicillin..............
Keywords: Escherichia coli, β-lactamases, ESBLs, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M.
[1]. A.S. Fauci, H.D. Marston, The perpetual challenge of antimicrobial resistance, Jama, 311(18), 2014, 1853-1854. [2]. H.M. Zowawi, H.H. Balkhy, T.R. Walsh, D.L. Paterson, β-Lactamase production in key Gram-negative pathogen isolates from the Arabian Peninsula, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 26(3), 2013, 361-380. [3]. S. Shaikh, J. Fatima, S. Shakil, S.M.D. Rizvi, M.A. Kamal, Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(1), 2015, 90-101. [4]. C.C. Sanders, W.E. Sanders, β-Lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: global trends and clinical impact, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15(5), 1992, 824-839. [5]. P.A. Bradford, Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14(4), 2001, 933-951.
Abstract:Although ATP production is very important for mitochondria, little is known about the actual rate of production and the value of "unit of currency" for mitochondrial energy transactions. "Unit of currency" for all transactions in general is named "quantum" in Physics, and no value of ATP quantum is accurately given in bibliography, other than rough estimates. This work focuses to calculating produced energy unit in mitochondrial metabolism (Quantum for ATP, or QATP for sort) and the rate of ATP production (power of "mitochondrial factory").
Keywords: Abrikosov, ATP, QATP, Cooper Pairs, ROS
[1]. I. Rekkas, P. Kordatzis, Quantized Mitochondrial Metabolism, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 12(1), 2017, 22-30. [2]. J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, Theory of superconductivity, Physical Review, 108(5), 1957, 1175-1204. [3]. A. A. Abrikosov, The magnetic properties of superconducting alloys, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2(3), 1961, 43-46. [4]. B. Alberts et al., Molecular biology of the cell, 4th ed. (New York, Garland Publishing, 2007). [5]. A. Einstein, Relativity: The special and the general theory,, (United States, Princeton University Press, 2015).
Abstract: Flora is systematic enumeration of plant species in a given community of a given ecosystem. It reflects the quality as well as the health of the ecosystem because the floral community are the producers which support the growth and development of ecosystem. It reflects the inflow of nutrients and recycling processes through bio-geochemical processes. Indiscriminate use of different chemicals and articles for different purposes produced by different leading factories for the modern development of human societies causes threat to the environment and loosing the biodiversity which significantly destroying the environment rapidly.............
Keywords: Kansai Basin, Flora, Community composition and Eco-degradation, Sustenance
[1]. Ambasht, R. S., Singh, M. P. and Sharma, E. An environment study of soil and water Conservation through herbaceous plants. National Academy of Science Letters, 1984, 6 (5): 143. [2]. Anonymous Flora of West Bengal, Vol.-I , BSI, Kolkata, Flora of India, Series-2, 1997. [3]. Anonymous Medicinal Plant Resources of South West Bengal, Vol.-I, Research Wing, Directorate of Forests, Govt. of West Bengal, 2005. [4]. Anonymous Medicinal Plant Resources of South West Bengal, Vol.-II, Research Wing, Directorate of Forests, Govt. of West Bengal, 2010. [5]. Aandyopadhyay, K. B.. Amader Rajya (Bengali Version), Kishore Gyan Vigyan Prakashani, Spectrum Offset, Kolkata-37, 2009, pp. 76.
Abstract: In recent years, traditional system of medicine has become a topic of global importance. Many of the plant species that provide medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their possible medicinal, pharmacological and toxicological effects. A number of species of the genus Grewia have been used as medicinal herbs to treat several diseases in different parts of the globe. Grewia bicolor is the most famous medicinal plant among the genus Grewia. Despite the wide use of the plant in traditional medicine, so far no scientific evaluation was carried out on this plant for the preclinical toxicity profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Grewia bicolor root extract. The plant extract proved that it is relatively safe through the acute and sub-acute studies.
Keywords: Traditional medicine, Grewia bicolor, acute toxicity, sub-acute toxicity, Grewia spp.
[1]. Goyal, K, Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the genus Grewia: A Review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(4), 2012, 72-78. [2]. Al-Musayeib, N.M., Mothana, R.A., Matheeussen, A., Cos, P. and Maes, L, In vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities of selected medicinal plants used in the traditional Arabian Peninsular region. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012. [3]. Brink, M, Grewia bicolor Juss. (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (5th Ed) Wageningen, Netherlands, 2007. [4]. Jaspers, W.J., Bashir, A.K., Zwerving, J.S. and Malingre, T.M, Investigation of Grewia bicolor Juss. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 17 (3), 1986, 205-211. [5]. Semenya, S.S. and Maroyi, A, Medicinal plants used by the Bapedi traditional healers to treat diarrhoea in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 144(2), 2012, 395-401
Abstract: Diabetes, a dreaded disease already ravaged a huge population worldwide, whether it is inherited through generations or invited by the people by their uncontrolled way of life is still obscure. Biomarkers assay is a boon to the diseased to opt proper prophylactic measures to curb or eradicate diseases. The elevated levels of various biomarkers related to inflammation of vital organs, liver function, kidney function and other vital parameters in our diabetic cases reveals the extent of organ(s) damage in these subjects. It is also evident that the levels of various biomarkers are similar in our diabetic subjects, irrespective of their habits or habitats.
Keywords: Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, gammaglutamyl transferase, glycated haemoglobin.
[1]. Tierney L.M., Mc Phee SJ and Papadakis MA. 2002. In: Current medical diagnosis and treatment, International edition. Lange Medical Books, McGraw Hill, New York:1203-15. [2]. Kitabchi AE., Umpierrez GE., Miles JM and Fisher JN.2009. Hyperglycemic crisis in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes care; 32(7) :1335-43. [3]. WHO. 2013. Diabetes Fact Sheet, No. 312. [4]. Kyle S and Tavel JA.2010. What are biomarkers? Curr. Opin.HIV/AIDS:5(6) : 463-66.
Abstract: Flavonoids and Polyphenolic compounds have been given sizeable attention in this review; distinctively for the reason of their biological and physiological importance. This review emphasis on separation and revealing qualitative and quantitative estimation methods of flavonoids. This literature inspects various techniques used for quantitative and qualitative estimation of flavonoids. These techniques embrace, for example, HPLC, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The inclusive topics are structural characterization by different techniques............
Keywords: Flavonoids, Polyphenolic, Mass spectrometry, Chromatography.
[1]. Tripoli, E, Guardia, ML, Giammanco, S, Majo, DD, Giammanco, M. Citrus flavonoids: Molecular structure, biological activity and nutritional properties: A review. Food Chemistry 2007; 104: 466-479. [2]. Slade, D, Ferreira, D, Marais, JPJ. Circular dichroism, a powerful tool for the assessment of absolute configuration of flavonoids. Phytochemistry 2005. 66; 2177 2215. [3]. Hotta, H, Nagano, S, Ueda, M, Tsujino, Y, Koyama, J, Osakai, T. Higher radical scavenging activity of polyphenolic antioxidants ascribed to chemical reactions following oxidation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2002; 1572: 123-132. [4]. Markham, K.R., Techniques of Flavonoid Identification, Academic Press, London, 1982. [5]. Mabry, T.J., Markham, K.R., and Thomas, M.B., The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970.
Abstract: Plants are very important sources of potential useful raw materials as natural chemotherapeutic agents. Shankhpushpi is botanically termed as Evolvulus alsinoides; the extracts have exhibited antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and immunomodulatory activities. The present work is to investigate the invitro therapeutic potential activities of methanolic extract of whole plant of Evolvulus alsinoides on the antimicrobial activity against five clinical pathogenic bacterial strains viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebshiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhii, using agar well diffusion assay and Anti oxidant activity using 1-1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical............
Keywords: Evolvulus alsinoides, total phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH free radical Scavenging & Anti microbial activities
[1] Gisesa, W.N.O. An Ethnopharmacological investigation of plants used by Abagusii traditional medical practitioners, PhD Thesis, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University. 2004. [2] Egwaikhide, P.A., Gimba, C.E. Analysis of the phytochemical content and anti-microbial activity of Plectranthus glandulosis whole plant. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 2(3-4), 2007, 135- 138. [3] Jagessar, R.C., Mars, A., Gomes, G. Selective Antimicrobial properties of Phyllanthus acidus leaf extract against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using stokes disc diffusion, well diffusion, streak plate and a dilution method. Nature Sci. 6(2), 2008, 24-38. [4] Ravikumar, S., Selvan, G.P., Gracelin, A.A. Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants along Kanyakumari Coast, Tamil Nadu, India. Afr. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2(5- 6), 2010, 153-157. [5] Jagessar, R.C., Mohamed, A., Gomes, G. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Luffa operculata, vs. Peltophorum Pterocarpum, against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nature Sci., 5(4), 2007, 81-93.
Abstract: Objective: Many of the available therapies for diabetes have a number of serious adverse effects; therefore the search for more effective and safer hypoglycaemic agents becomes a paramount. This research was set to investigate the antidiabetic potential and cytoprotective effect of ethanolic root extract of Salacia nitida on alloxan induced hyperglyceamic rats. Method: Acute toxicity and phytochemical constituents were evaluated using standardized methods. The study lasted for a period of thirty days comprising of two phases: induction phase and treatment phase. Thirty animals were grouped into five groups of six rats each............
Keywords: Antidiabetic, cytoprotective effect, hyperglyceamic rats, Salacia nitida
[1]. Agbaje EO, Adeneye AA, Daramola AO. Biochemical and toxicological studies of aqueous extract of Syzigium aromaticum (L.) Merr and Perry (Myrtaceae) in rodents. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2009;6(3):241–254. [2]. American Diabetes Association, (2010). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 27.562-569. [3]. Anand P., Murali K.Y, Tandon V, Murthy PS, Chandra R. Insulinotropic effect of cinnamaldehyde on transcriptional regulation of pyruvate kinase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase and GLUT4 translocation in experimental diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2010; 186 (1) : 72-81. [4]. Ayodhya S., Kusum S., Anjali S., (2010). Hypoglycaemic activity of different extracts of various herbal plants. Singh. Int J. Ayurveda Res Pharm; 1(1):212-224. [5]. Bopanna, K.N., J. Kannan, S. Gadgil, R. Balaram and S.P. Rathod, 1997. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of neem seed kernel powder on alloxan diabetic rabbits. Indian J. Pharmacol., 29: 162-167
Abstract: The present study was conducted for the period from 1/6/2016 to 20/1/2017 in Baquba city. The study aimed to detection of rotavirus in stool specimens of children fewer than five age and also explore the effects of certain demographic factors on the detection rates by revers transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction. The study included 49 patients with acute diarrhea, 32 were male and 17 were female. The age range was two months to 5 years. Demographic information on the patients regarding age, sex, residence, type of feeding and source of drinking water were collected from their parents...........
Keywords: Rotavirus, RT-PCR, diarrhea.
[1]. Bishop, R.F.; Davidson, G.P.; Holmes, I.H. and Ruck, B.J. (1993). Virus particles in epithelial cells of duodenal mucosa from children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Lancet J. 2(7841): 1281-3. [2]. Pesavento, J.B.; Crawford, S.E.; Estes, M.K. and Prasad, B.V. (2006). Rotavirus protein: structure and assembly. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 309: 189-219. [3]. Parashar, U.D.; Gibson, C.J.; Bresse, J.S. and Glass,R.I. (2006). Rotavirus and severe childhood diarrhea. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12: 304-6. [4]. Santos, N. and Hoshino, Y. (2005). Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine. Rev. Med. Virol. 15 (1): 29–56. [5]. O'Ryan, M. (2009). The ever-changing landscape of rotavirus serotypes. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 28(3): 60-2.
Abstract: More than two centuries have been passed since the chromosomes have been firstly observed in plant cells by Nageli in 1842. During this long period, chromosomes have been discovered in human cells and well recognized as a source of genes locations. The effects of chemicals and environmental pollution in human health and caners became an interested field of studying diver mutagens and their role in affecting the genetic materials. Cytogenetic tests were the main tools to evaluate the effects of those mutagens on human genome and chromosomes. Many techniques have been used for these purposes including in vitro and in vivo analyzing tests using human and animal cells. The intent of this article is to review the role of cytogenetic techniques in detecting the effects of mutagens on chromosomal aberrations and the role of plant extracts in monitoring these effects.
Keywords: Cytogenetic analysis mutagens, chromosomes, human genome, gene, cancer and plant extracts
[1]. Adeyemo, O. A., & Farinmade, A. E. (2016). Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of food flavor enhancer, monosodium glutamate (MSG) using Allium cepa assay. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(13). [2]. Apak, R., Özyürek, M., Guclu, K., & Capanoglu, E. (2015). Antioxidant activity/capacity measurement: III. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) scavenging assays, oxidative stress biomarkers, and chromatographic/chemometric assays. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. [3]. Araujo, C., & Leon, L. (2001). Biological activities of Curcuma longa L. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 96(5), 723-728. [4]. Balmain, A., & Yuspa, S. H. (2014). Milestones in skin carcinogenesis: the biology of multistage carcinogenesis. Nature Milestones, E2-E7. [5]. Balmus, G., Karp, N. A., Ng, B. L., Jackson, S. P., Adams, D. J., & McIntyre, R. E. (2015). A high-throughput in vivo micronucleus assay for genome instability screening in mice. Nature protocols, 10(1), 205-215.
Abstract: The thiazole ring of coumarin derivativesis a heterocyclic structure that attracts most organic and medical chemists to synthesise these compounds. Five of the newly synthesized thiazolecoumarin derivative compounds(TCD)were screened in MTT assay for in vitro antitumor activity against three cancer and one normal cell lines. A significant inhibition of cancer cells was observed with compound (4)that displayed a significant cytotoxic effect against HCT 116 cells with(29.3 ± 1.9 μM ml-1) of the Ic50 value. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of the compound on angiogenesis in vitro and Ex vivousing tube formation............
Keywords: Thiazolecoumarin compounds, anti-angiogenesis, MTT, ring assay, tube formation assay in vitro
[1]. Arnold, M., M.S. Sierra, M. Laversanne, I. Soerjomataram, A. Jemal, and F. Bray, Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut, 2016: p. gutjnl-2015-310912. [2]. Adelstein, B.-A., P. Macaskill, S.F. Chan, P.H. Katelaris, and L. Irwig, Most bowel cancer symptoms do not indicate colorectal cancer and polyps: a systematic review. BMC gastroenterology, 2011. 11(1): p. 1. [3]. Ricci-Vitiani, L., D.G. Lombardi, E. Pilozzi, M. Biffoni, M. Todaro, C. Peschle, and R. De Maria, Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature, 2007. 445(7123): p. 111-115. [4]. Lin, S.-P., Y.-T. Lee, S.-H. Yang, S.A. Miller, S.-H. Chiou, M.-C. Hung, and S.-C. Hung, Colon cancer stem cells resist antiangiogenesis therapy-induced apoptosis. Cancer letters, 2013. 328(2): p. 226-234. [5]. Borges Bubols, G., D. da Rocha Vianna, A. Medina-Remon, G. von Poser, R. Maria Lamuela-Raventos, V. Lucia Eifler-Lima, and S. Cristina Garcia, The antioxidant activity of coumarins and flavonoids. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2013. 13(3): p. 318-334.
