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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Morphological Observations of Adult Schistosoma Spindale |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Vanita Malewar || Aruna Karemungikar || Parvathi, J |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-1306020103  |
Abstract: Schistosoma spindale is a parasite inhabiting the portal and mesenteric veins of Bubalus bubalis. The tegumental surfaces of adult S. spindale collected from naturally infected Bubulus bubulo were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The inner surface of the male oral sucker possesses many spines. The ventral sucker is a fairly large protrusible organ and is infundibular in form with its margin more or less wavy. It is cup shaped and borne on a peduncle. The ventral sucker possesses spines. The width of the male and female is different at different regions. The lining of the gynecophoric canal is densely spined. The tegument of the female is similar to that of the male. The tegument of both sexes is devoid of spines.
Key words: Gynaecophoric canal, Schistosoma spindale, Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies, SEM, Schistosomiasis.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Follicular fluid cell free DNA in poly cystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection program: relation to ovarian reserve and embryo quality |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Hanan L. Al-Omary || Shayma`a J. Ahmed || Maanee A.Al-azzam || Hiba R. Kassim |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1306020408 |
Abstract: Poly cystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] represents the most common disorder in women during reproductive age. Because of the expensiveness and invasiveness of in vitro fertilization procedures [IVF], it has been tried to find a trustful, non invasive way for choosing embryos. Cell free DNA [cfDNA] extracted from follicular fluid can provide an indicator for embryo quality. Ovarian reserve has an important role in the occurrence of pregnancy in IVF programs, the aim of the study is measure the amount of cfDNA in the follicular fluid in females with PCOS undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection program and relating it to the ovarian reserve and embryo quality. This prospective study was accomplished in AL-Samaray Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from December 2017 to March 2017. Sixty females were involved in this study. Thirty one did not have PCOS [control] and 29 had PCOS. Blood samples........
Key words: AMH , cfDNA, embryo quality, ICSI, ovarian reserve , PCOS
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[2]. Mascarenhas MN, Flaxman SR, Boerma T, et al, National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of 277 Health Surveys, PLoS Med j, 9[12], 2012, e1001356.
[3]. Gorry A, White DM, Franks S, Infertility in poly cystic ovary syndrome: focus on low dose gonadotropin treatment ,Endocrine, 30[1], 2006 ,27-33.
[4]. Cussons AJ, Watts GF, Burke V, et al. Cardiometabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome,A comparison of different approaches to defining the metabolic syndrome, Hum Reprod, 23, 2008, 2352–2358.
[5]. Czamanski-Cohen J, Sarid O, Cwikel J, et al, Increased plasma cell-free DNA is associated with low pregnancy rates among women undergoing IVF-embryo transfer, Reprod Biomed Online, 26, 2013, 36–41.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The impact of left ventricular thickness in hypertensive heart disease on right ventricular function: An Echocardiographic Strain Study |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Hayder A. Tawfeeq || HananLuay Al-Omary || Ghazi F. Haji |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1306020912 |
Abstract: Background:In spite of heart remodeling such as left ventricular hypertrophy affects both left and right ventricles due to ventricular interdependence; still a few studies had examined the outcomes of these effects on right ventricle and usually focusing on left ventricle. Objective:To study the effect of left ventricular hypertrophy on right ventriclefunction using echocardiographic right ventricular strains. Patient and Methods: A case control study of total 200 subjects was done. One hundred (61 male and 39 female) Patientswith systemic hypertension........
Key words: Right ventricle, hypertension, longitudinal strain
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[2]. Apostolakis S, Konstantinides S. The Right Ventricle in Health and Disease: Insights into Physiology, Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Management. Cardiology. 2012;121(4):263–73.
[3]. Puar THK, Mok Y, Debajyoti R, Khoo J, How CH, Ng AKH. Secondary hypertension in adults. Singapore Med J. 2016;57(5):228–32.
[4]. Díez J, Frohlich ED. A Translational Approach to Hypertensive Heart Disease. 2015;1–8.
[5]. Drazner MH. The progression of hypertensive heart disease. Circulation. 2011;123(3):327–34...
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Estimation of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid Content and Assessment of in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of plant Ehretia Laevis bark |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Umesh Prabhakar Joshi || Rajendra Dayaram Wagh |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1306021322 |
Abstract: Barks of Ehretia laevis are very popular and well known for its astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic, demulcent, expectorant and veneral diseases. In this study the Total phenolic, Total flavonoid content, Antioxidant effect methanolic, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of dried dried Barks of Ehretia laevis Roxb was evaluated by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, Aluminium chloride, 2,2-diphenyl-1,1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Hydrogen peroxide and reducing assay methods and compared. Result indicated that methanolic extract of the dried barks exhibited potent antioxidant activity..
Key words: Ehretia laevis, Antioxidant, Total phenolic, Total flavonoid, DPPH scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging activity, reducing power, Hydrogen peroxide etc.
[1]. Vaibhav D Aher, Arunkumar wahi, Abhijit M. pawdey, Antioxidants as Immunomodulator: an expanding research avenue, International journal of current pharmaceutical research; 3(1), 2011, 8-10.
[2]. S.S. Naphade, S.S. Khadabadi, S.L. Deore, N.S. Jagtap, and S.P. Hadke, Antioxidant Activity of different extracts of plant Tricholepsi Glaberrima DC (Asteraceae), International Journal of Pharm Tech Research. 1(3), 2009, 502-505.
[3]. Mohammad hassanzadeh-khayyat, Mehdi mojarab and Seyyed ahmad emami, Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of different species of Artemisia from Iran, Pharmacology online, 2, 2009, 797-807.
[4]. Rathore K.S, Sisodia S.S. and panchawat S. A review on herbal antioxidant International Journal Of Pharma Tech Research, 2(1), 2010, 232-239.
[5]. Kikuzaki H and Nakatani N. Antioxidant effects of some ginger constituents. Journal of Food Science, 58(6), 1993, 1407-1410..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Auxins on Primary Metabolites of Solanum Xanthocarpum Schard & Wendl |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Kritika Jyoti Namdeo || Neetu Harmukh || V.K. Kanungo |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1306022327 |
Abstract: Solanum Xanthocarpum is popularly known as kateri, has sharp and prickly branches that are densely covered with rather minute star shaped hair. The fruit of Solanum Xanthocarpum contains carpesterol, solanocarpine and glucoside alkaloids. It also contains solanidine and solamine S. Solanum Xanthocarpum also contains sterols, alkaloids, carbohydrates, fatty and amino acids. The roots of Solanum Xanthocarpum are used widely as a medical ingredient that has been used by Ayurvedic herbalists for relieving common ailments. The herb can relieve problems of bronchial asthma, bronchitis and chronic cough. It is a laxative and carminative that is useful in acute cases of gastrointestinal problems. The present study pertains to the treatments of Auxins such as IAA & IBA in various concentrations to the plants and their effects on the production of primary metabolites as total sugar, reducing sugar, total soluble protein and TCA precipitated protein reported from the plant.
Key words: Solanum xanthocarpum, Primary Metabolites, IAA, IBA, Total soluble sugar, Total soluble protein
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[5]. Wood, T.M. & K.M. Bhat (1988). In: Methods in Enzymol, Wood, W.A. & Kellogg, S.C. (eds), Academic Press, New York, 87-112..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Direct Allergy Test (DAT) – New method for detection of antigen-antibody reactivity |
| Country | : | Brazil |
| Authors | : | Francisca das C. S.Silva || Patrícia R. Pereira || Luciana D. de C. Girão || Anderson B. Matos || Maria C. Queiroz |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1306022834 |
Abstract: An alternative for the tests of immunodetection diagnoses is proposed in this work, based on the elaboration of a qualitative method that can aid in the identification of antigen-antibody immunochemical reactivity in rapid diagnoses of allergies. For this purpose, the allergen-containing Dermatophagoides farinae mite extract was immobilized with glutaraldehyde on reusable support and blocking steps, addition of antibody containing serum to the allergens present in the mite extract. The reactivity response was obtained after colorimetric revelation. The appearance of the purple color signaled the reactivity between antigen-antibody on the plate. The colored area was photographed and the reactivity was represented by the intensity of color in pixels using the gel analyzer software. The method was evaluated by repeatability tests, negative assay and variation in protein content. From..........
Key words: immunodetection, diagnostics, antigen-antibody, allergies.
[1]. H. Towbin, T. Staehelint, J. Gordon, Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets : Procedure and some applications, 76 (1979) 4350–4354.
[2]. H. Towbin, I m m u n o b l o t t i n g and D o t I m m u n o b i n d i n g - - Current Status and Outlook, 72 (1984) 313–340.
[3]. L. Caraballo, L. Puerta, B. Martinez, L. Moreno, Identification of allergens from the mite Blomia tropicalis, Clin. Exp. Allergy. 24 (1993) 1056–1060.
[4]. B. Tonnel, Les acariens et l ' allergie Mites and allergy, Rev. Française D'allergologie 55. 55 (2015) 115–117.
[5]. E. Milián, A.N.A.M. Díaz, Allergy to House Dust Mites and Asthma, Puerto Rico Heal. Sci. Journal/index. 23 (2004) 47–57..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Stephania glabra (Menispermaceae)- Phytochemical Perspective |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | HemRaj Vashist |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1306023540 |
Abstract: Background- Stephania glabra (Roxb) has long been used for the treatment of asthma with several other valuable uses. Over 150 alkaloids together with Flavonoids lignans, steroids, Terpenoids and coumarins have been identified in genus stephania. About 30 types of alkaloids are alone identified in S. glabra out of that Gindarudine and tetrahydropalmitine being the major one. Several other chemical constituents from the plant has been evaluated by using different chromatographic and Spectroscopical methods. Method-In the present study the ethanolic extract from the leaves of Stephania glabra was extracted by soxhlet apparatus. So obtained extract was redissolved in ethanol and evaluated...........
Key words: Stephania glabra,, UV, FTIR, Gindarudine, Tetrahydropalmitine, Novel drug, Analgesia, Arthritis
[1]. Deepak Kumar Semwal,Ruchi Badoni, Ravindra Semwal, Sudhir Kumar Kothiyal, Gur Jas Preet Singh, Usha Rawat. The genus
Stephania (Menispermaceae): Chemical and pharmacological perspectives. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132 (2010) 369–383
[2]. Hemraj, Neeraj Upmmanyu, Avnneet Gupta, Anil Jindal, Sunny Jaalhan .Pharmacological Activity of Stephania glabra, Woodfordia
fruticosa, Cissempelos pareira-A Review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencers.2012:4(3); 16-23.
[3]. HemRaj Vashist, Diksha Sharma. Ethnomedicinal Survey of Plant of Gharsi Village Hills and its Allied Area of District Solan.
ijpps,2013;5(3):848-850.
[4]. HemRaj Vashist, Avneet Gupta, Neeraj Upmanyu . Comparative Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of
Cissampelos pareira and Stephania glabra. Asian journal of biological science, 2013
[5]. Kim, H.S., Zhang, Y.H., Oh, K.W., Ahn, H.Y. Vasodilating and hypotensive effects of fangchinoline and tetrandrine on the rat aorta
and the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,1997; 58, 117–123
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | In vitroantisicklingactivity of the aqueous extract of a combination of three plants: Jatropha grossypiifolia, Justicia secunda and Parquetina nigrescens from East Côte d'Ivoire |
| Country | : | Côte d'Ivoire |
| Authors | : | Akakpo-Akue J. || Kplé Tatiana .K.M. || Yapo -Crezoit. A. || Fofié Y. || Kra A. M. || Tolo D. A || N'Guessan J.D. |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1306024148 |
Abstract: Sickle cell disease results in hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive crisis and susceptibility to infections. In Côte d'Ivoire, its prevalence is estimated at more than 14%. Patients use traditional pharmacopoeia with medicinal plants to treat themselves. The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of the composition of three medicinal plants (Jatropha grossypiifolia, Parquetinanigrescens and Justicia secunda) used in the treatment of sickle cell disease at East of the Côte d'Ivoire. The Emmel method taken up by Imaga was used to study the reversibility of sickle cells, as a function of the incubation time by the aqueous extract relative to the controls (NaCl and phenylalanine) on blood samples from SS homozygous patients. Concentrations..........
Key words: Antisickling activity, aqueous extractcombination, Jatropha grossypiifolia, Justicia secunda and Parquetina nigrescens, Ivory Coast.
[1]. Thuret I., Sarles J., Merono F., Suzineau E., Collomb J., Lena-Russo D., Levy N., Bardakdjian J. &Badens C. Neonatal screening for sickle cell disease in France: evaluation of the selective process. Journal Clinical Pathology; (2010); 63(6): 548-551.
[2]. Sawadogo D., Tolo-Dilkébié A.,Sangaré M., Aguéhoundé N., Kassi H. &Latte T. Influence of the clinical status on stress reticulocytes, CD36 and CD49d of SSFA2 homozygous sickle cell patients followed in Abidjan. Hematology. (2014); 27:38-60.
[3]. Mellouli F. & Bejaoui M. The use of hydroxyurea in severe forms of sickle cell disease: study of 47 Tunisian paediatric cases. Arch Pediatri, (2008); 15(1): 24-8.
[4]. Misaki W. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and gene replacement therapy (GRT) in sickle cell anemia Nigerian Journal of Medicine. (2008). 17(3). 251-256
[5]. Who. Fact sheet on traditional medicine. (2008).http://www. who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/ fs134/en/.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Sodium Cyanide Caused Biochemical Modulations in Liver of Fish Catla Catla |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | S. Janardana Reddy |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1306024954 |
Abstract: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the pernicious effects of sodium cyanide (NaCN) on some biochemical aspects in the liver of fish Catla catla. Fish which were exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.2 mg/L) of sodium cyanide, for a period of 15 and 30 days and further allowed to undergo a recovery of 30 days, resulted in variation of levels of protein, free amino acid and protease enzyme activity with respect to control. The changes were in a manner that suggested the possible existence an oscillatory phase in biochemical modulations towards a more synthetic phase leading to the establishment of recuperation and adaptation phenomena. As, sodium cyanide is being a toxic component needs attention towards its neutralization prior to its disposal. Hence, it is inferred that necessary wariness should be taken during its discarding, as it possesses a serious threat to fish..
Key words: Catla catla, Sodium cyanide, Biochemical Indices, Adaptation phenomena, Proteolytic activity
[1]. Rocha-e-silva RC, Corediro LAC, Soto-Blanco B. Cyanide toxicity and interference with diet selection in quail (Coturnix coturnix). Comp Biochem Physiol Part C. 2010, 151:294-297.
[2]. Dube PN, Hosetti BB. Inhibition of ATPase activity in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) exposed to sodium cyanide. Toxicological Mechanisms and Methods 2011, 21(8):591-595.
[3]. Hariharakrishnan J, Satpute RM, Bhattacharya R. Cyanide induced changes in the levels of neurotransmitters in discrete brain regions of rats and their response to oral treatment with α-ketoglutarate. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 2010, 48:731-736.
[4]. Daya S., Walker R.B. & Dukie S.A. 2000. Cyanide induced free radical production and lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate is reduced by aspirin. Metab. Brain. Dis. 5(3):203-210.
[5]. Kim YM, Park D, Lee DS, Park JM. Inhibitory effects of toxic compounds on nitrification process for cokes wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2008, 152:915-921..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Preliminary Studies on Urinary Schistosomiasis in Selected Communities in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ebong, N.E. || Abah, A.E. |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1306025561 |
Abstract: Preliminary study on urinary schistosomiasis was carried out in five selected communities of Itu Local Government Area- Akwa Ibom State. A total of 400 urine samples were collected and analyzed by microscopy using sedimentation method to concentrate the eggs in urine. Structured questionnaire was used to determine the level of awareness about the disease by the residents of the communities, and was analysed using the Chi-square. Out of all the urine samples examined, 8(2.00%) were positive to Schistosoma haematobium. Although more females (2.51%) were infected than the males (1.49%), the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). There were differences in...........
Key words: Schistosomiasis, Epidemiology, Vector.
[1]. Akogun, O.B. (1996). Need, human behavior, water usage and schistosomiasis transmission in a small settlement near Yola, Nigeria. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology,4:52-56.
[2]. Ayanda, O.I.(2009). Prevalence of snail vectors of schistosomiasis and their infection rates in two localities within Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U) campus, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 3(4):058-061.
[3]. Ayodeji, S.B. (2017). Malacological study of snail intermediate hosts of trematode parasites in Okitipupa Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Parasitology and Vectro Biology, 9(12), 158-163.
[4]. Barbosa, C.S. (1998). Epidemiology and anthropology: an integrated approach dealing with bio-socio-cultural aspects as strategy for the control of endemic diseases. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93(Suppl. 1):59-62.
[5]. Cheesbrough, M. (2005). District laboratory practice in tropical countries part 1 (2nd edition) New York, USA. Cambridge University Press...
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The effect of ethanolic extract of Tridaxprocumbens on potassium bromate induced hepatotoxicity in adult wistar rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Opara Julia K || Ewa Ogbonnaya || Oraebosi, Michael I || Agbai Johnson U || UcheIfeoma U |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1306026266 |
Abstract: The toxic effect of potassium bromate on humans has drawn so much attention due to toxicity being related to some vital organs like the kidney and liver. However, numerous medicinal plants contain biologically active compounds that have shown to be useful in improving the life and treatment of diseases.This study seeks to assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Tridaxprocumbenson potassium bromate induced hepatotoxicity in adult wistar rats.Twenty (20) adultwistar rats weighing between 180 – 200g were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group A was the control and was administered distilled water only for 14 days, Group B were administered 100mg/kg of potassium bromate........
Key words: Potassium Bromate, Hepatotoxicity, Tridaxprocumbens
[1]. Diachenko GW and Warner CR. Potassium bromate in bakery products. In LEE, TC. and HO, CT. (Eds.). Bioactive Compounds in Foods. Washington: American Chemical Society. 2002. p. 218.
[2]. Kurokawa Y, Maekawa A, Takahashi M, Hayashi Y. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of potassium bromate--a new renal carcinogen. Environ Health Perspect. 1990;87:309-335.
[3]. Oloyede OB and Sunmonu TO. Potassium bromate content of selected bread samples in Ilorin, Central Nigeria and its effect on some enzymes of rat liver and kidney. Food ChemToxicol. 2009;47:2067–70.
[4]. Ueno H, Oishi K, SayatoY,Nakamuno, K. Oxidative Cell Damage in Kat-sod Assay of Oxyhalides as Inorganic Disinfection by-product and their Occurrence by Ozonation. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.2000;38:1-6.
[5]. Cavangagh JE, Weinberg HS, Gold A, Sangalah R, Marburg D, GlaseW.OzonationByproducts; Identification of Bromohydrins from the Ozonation of Natural Waters with Enhanced Bromide Levels. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992;26:1658-62..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Biochemical changes of Culex pipiens females infected with Plasmodium cathemerium |
| Country | : | |
| Authors | : | Mohamed Z. Y. Aly || Azza M. M. El gendy || Ebrahem I. I. Mohamed || Salwa I. Sebak |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1306026776 |
Abstract: The present work aims to study the biochemical changes of Culex pipiens females infected with Plasmodium cathemerium. For achievement this research, females of Culex pipiens were infected with Plasmodium cathemerium to study the effect of Plasmodium on Culex pipiens females protein profile quantitative and qualitative at 12h, 1d, 4d, 5d and 6d post infection for mid-gut samples, while salivary glands collected after 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d and 7d post infection. The results showed a significant gradual decreases in total protein concentration within the infected samples at all tested times. In case of mid-gut-samples, the total protein concentration of the infected samples decreased on comparing with control samples with exception after 5 d.p.i. the total protein concentration increases...........
Key words: biochemical changes, Culex pipiens, Plasmodium cathemerium.
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[2]. Abuldahab, F.; Abozinadah, N. and Al-Haiqi, N. (2011): Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis β – exotoxin to some biochemical aspects of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). African Journal of Bacteriology Research, 3(6): 92-100.
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[4]. Arcà, B.; Lombardo, F.; Valenzuela, J. G.; Francischetti, I. M.; Marinotti, O.; Coluzzi, M. and Ribeiro, J. M. (2005): An updated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 208: 3971-3986.
[5]. Bradford, M. M. (1976): A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254...
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Review on Taxonomical and Phytochemical Study of Commelina Benghalensis L. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Manishkumar || Vijaykumar Valvi || Madhukar. B. Patil |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1306027779 |
Abstract: Plants have been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history. Ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal uses for plants as early as 3000 BC. Indigenous cultures such as African and Native American used herbs in their healing rituals, while other developed traditional medical systems such as Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine in which herbal therapies were used. The word "herb" has been derived from the Latin word, "herba" and an old French word "herbe". Recently there has been a shift in universal trend from synthetic to herbal medicine, which we can say 'Return to Nature'. Medicinal plants have been known for millennia and are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention of diseases and ailments. Nature has bestowed our country with an enormous wealth of medicinal plants; therefore India has often....
[1]. Hong Deyuan and Robert A. DeFilipps, Commelinaceae. Flora of China. 2000; 24: 19–39.
[2]. Gamble JS, Fischer CEC, Flora of Madras, 1967; 3: 1072-1081. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
[3]. Sandhya B, Thomas S, Isabel W and Shenbagarathai R, Ethnomedicinal Plants used by the Valaiyan Community of Piranmalai Hills (Reserved Forest), Tamilnadu, India. - A Pilot Study. Afr. J. Trad. CAM . 2006; 3(1): 101 – 114.
[4]. Mahabub Nawaz AH Md., Maruf Hossain, Masud Karim, Mujib Khan, Rownak Jahan, Mohammed Rahmatullah, An ethnobotanical survey of Rajshahi district in Rajshahi division, Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 2009; 3(2): 143-150.
[5]. Gupta A, Nagariya AK, Mishra AK, Bansal P, Kumar S, Gupta V, Singh AK, Ethno-potential of medicinal herbs in skin diseases: An overview. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2010; 3(3): 435-441..