iosr-JPBS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar.-Apr. 2020

Abstract: In the present scenario, India is progressing remarkably in DDS focusing mainly on at R and D activities and consequently various newer and controlled DDS like transdermal, ocular, aquasomes, ethosomes, liposome's related erythrocytes, implants etc. have been developed. These have a large number of advantages over conventional dosage forms like controlled and predictable release, lesser chances of dose dumping, reduction in the frequency of administration, minimization of side effects etc. given below are some newer drug delivery system described in short which are explained in the given article.

Keywords: Drug delivery, Microencapsulation, Implants.

Abstract: Background:Many societies in Africa still apply local medicines against numerous infections(1). Traditional medicine/herbs such as Vernonia amygdalina, Justicia betonica, Leonatis nepetaefolium and Mormadica foetilda possess active compounds that combat these life threatening infections.(2) The rural Africans are ignorant about the best mode of extracting these plant remedies. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of traditionally extracted crude herbal plant remedies of Vernonia amygdalina, Justicia betonica, Leonatis nepetaefolium and Mormadica foetilda on staphylococcus aureus. Methods: 180 fresh and dry uninfected leaves were collected by purposive sampling. 45 leaves for each herb were selected and 15 leaves were used for each method of extraction. Each mode of extraction was tested on two culture plates inoculated with S. aureus. The plant leaves were prepared by sun drying the fresh leaves for 5 days and then pounding to obtain a powder which.......

Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the most prevalent risk factor and the Drug Utilization Review among the inclusion criteria in chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary care hospital. Our Secondary aim is to evaluate the risk factors and educating the patients regarding disease through which further complications are going to be reduced. Objectives: Collection and study of patient's clinical profiles Study of various risk factors causing chronic kidney disease in inclusion criteria. Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions if any and Observation of patient medication adherence through drug utilization review. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 208 patients from nephrology department at Government General Hospital, Kurnool. The patient's were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with high creatinine levels,.......

Keywords: CKD, Adverse Drug Reactions, Nephrology

Abstract: Examining the opinions on the problem of progress in biological evolution shows a critical situation, going so far as to deny the existence of any progressive tendency.The general cause of this situation lies in how to approach the problem, in individualistic, reductionist thinking.Some authors agree the existence of an evolutionary tendency towards "better" without specifying who this "better" refers to and what it consists of. In most cases "good" or "evil" are referring to the individual level.It is considered that a major shortcoming in accepting the idea of progress is the lack of evaluation criteria and of some ways of measuring this evolutionary tendency, when it is admitted. A series of scientists are proposing certain criteria in assessing an evolutionary tendency, such as increasing the structural complexity or comparing the evolution of animals with the human species, taken as a standard.It is obvious that all these outlooks are the consequences of the unilateral, reductionist approach to the problem

Keywords: biological evolution, philosophical outlooks, capture of energy, man and biosphere.

Abstract: Résumé: Contexte : Les champignons sauvages contribuent au bien-être des populations dans le monde entier et particulièrement en Afrique subsaharienne tant sur le plan nutritionnel que médicinal. Cette étude est une contribution à la connaissance des champignons sauvages intervenant dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle des populations de la zone forestière de Côte d'Ivoire. Matériel et méthodes : Des enquêtes ethnomycologiques ont été réalisées sur un échantillonnage de 302 personnes. Des inventaires mycologiques ont été effectués dans les différentes formations végétales rencontrées et les spécimens ont été prélevés et décrits au niveau macroscopique et microscopique. Résultats : cette étude montre que les populations....

Key words: Wild edible mushroom, traditional pharmacopoeia, Côte d'Ivoire

Abstract: The study sought to determine tiller regeneration under different regimes of land management in a derived Savanna vegetation. The pilot study was meant to serve as a guide for effective land management and sustainability of the area. Andropogongayanus, a perennial grass species, and an important fodder for livestock and wildlife in the *Savanna was monitored in the study area to evaluate the effect of fire on it. Three plots of a hectare each were randomly marked out. Within the 3 plots consisting of burnt, slashed and standing or control, 30 tussocks each were marked out and pegged for weekly observations of new flush or tiller regeneration for a period of six months. The weekly numbers of new tillers were recorded against every pegged tussock in the 3 plots. There was significant difference in tiller regeneration between the plots. Tiller regeneration was adduced to be responsible for corresponding herbaceous production. Soil analysis of the three plots showed the burnt plot to be of superior quality.....

Abstract: Background: The use of recreational and illicit psychoactive substances constitutes a huge public health problem in the world. Cigarette smoking leads to cancer, cardio-pulmonary diseases, stroke and other illnesses and causes the death of about 8 million people worldwide annually. Tobacco is used not only as cigarettes but also as pipe, cigar or tobacco snuff (tobacco leaves ground to powdery). Harmful use of alcohol causes lots of problems including ill health, loss of job, broken homes and millions of deaths annually. In Nigeria there is paucity of current statistics on illicit and recreational drug use by adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the use of alcohol and tobacco among teenage students Enugu town, Nigeria......

Key words: Alcohol, tobacco, drug abuse, cigarette, adolescent, youth, Nigeria.

Abstract: The first case of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and so far more than 2,53,000 infections and over 10,400 deaths have been reported. This virus could transfer during human-to-human close contacts, with a basic reproductive number as 2.2-2.6. For the outbreak of COVID-19 infection, the necessary requirement for efficient antiviral treatment is a burning issue. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine phosphate, cepharanthine, selamectin, mefloquine hydrochloride, niclosamide, losartan, olmesartan, arbidol, moxifloxacin, lopinaviritonavir, interferon, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, remdesivir,darunavir, intravenous antibody, traditional Chinese medicine, etc. have been used or suggested for the treatment of novel coronavirus.This study is an overview of these drugs to treat COVID-19.

Abstract: During several months of 2003,severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) spread rapidly through the world A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was identified as the SARS pathogen which triggered severe pneumonia and acute, often lethal, lung failure. Moreover, among infected individuals influenza such as the Spanish flu and the emergence of new respiratory disease viruses have caused high lethality resulting from acute lung failure.Study conducted by [12][ab Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, et al] showed that, In cell lines, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as a potential SARS-CoV receptor. The high lethality of SARS-CoV infections, its enormous economic and social impact, fears of renewed outbreaks as well as the potential misuse of such viruses as biologic weapons make it paramount to understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV.It was established....