iosr-JPBS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2020

Abstract: Nature inspired new drug molecules are developed through the medicinal chemistry approach has a great success in drug discovery. Efforts of chemists have succeeded in developing semi-synthetic derivatives to dominate the authentic natural product in terms of drug-likeness properties include increased potency, high affinity, selectivity, reduced toxicity and patient compliance. β-carbolines a family of indole-based alkaloids, remained as a privileged scaffold known to exhibit anticancer potential through various mechanisms. This review attracts the readers towards the ongoing developments (2017-2020) of β-Carboline with an significance on structure based rational drug design, multiparameter lead optimization strategies, SAR studies and its cytotoxic potential.

Keywords: β-Carbolines, Harmine, DNA binding studies, Cytotoxicity, Topoisomerase inhibition activity and Molecular Docking.

Abstract: The pigment contents in leaves, including chlorophyll (a), (b) and carotene vary considerably with plant genotype and could increase or decrease with plant age.Chlorophylls are the essential catalysts of photosynthesis and occur universally as green pigments in all photosynthetic plant tissues; they occur in the chloroplasts in relatively large amounts, often bound loosely to protein. In this study the pigments concentration in leaves of the four pearl millet genotypes was assessed. This includes chlorophyll (a), chlorophyll (b), ratio of a/b, total chlorophyll content and carotene content. The results reflected that the highest chlorophyll content was found in leaves of the genotype Bauda (47.00mg/g), followed by Darmasa (43.60mg/g), Ugandi (41.13mg/g) and finally Madlkawia with the lowest value (38.56mg/g). The ratio of a/b was high in Bauda and Darmasa which were 0.65 and 0.72 respectively; while it was low in Ugandi and Madlkawia, these were 0.48 and 0.51 respectively.Carotene content was very high in Bauda leaves (9.6 x 106 mg/g), far exceeding the results of the other three genotypes which ranged almost around 1.0 x 106mg/g.

Abstract: Peroxidase is an ubiquitous enzyme occurring in all higher plants. Multiple forms of peroxidase are well established in various vegetables and fruits. This enzyme is implicated in many physiological functions of plants. In this study the isozyme peroxidase was used to assess the variation of the four pearl millet genotypes collected from Western Sudan at the level of isozymic activity. The results obtained showed a very high value (3.0) maximum velocity for the enzyme extracted from the genotype Bauda leaves, followed by 1.6 for genotype Ugandi, 1.3 for genotype Darmasa and finally 0.5 for genotype Madlkawia.

Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum, genotypes, peroxidase, isozymes

Abstract: Coronaviruses are found in avian and mammalian species. They resemble each other in morphology and chemical structure: for example, the coronaviruses of humans and cattle are antigenicallyrelated. Coronavirusvirions are spherical to pleomorphic enveloped particles. The envelope is studded with projecting glycoproteins, and surrounds a core consisting of matrix protein enclosed within which is a single strand of positive-sense RNA (Mr 6 × 106) associated with nucleoprotein. The envelope glycoproteins are responsible for attachment to the host cell and also carry the main antigenic epitopes, particularly the epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies. OC43 also possesses a haemagglutin.....

Abstract: Background: Alcoholic decoctions of Salacia nitida root bark is orally taken by people with low socio-economic status in Southern Nigeria for treatments of malaria and typhoid fever. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of S. nitida root bark extract on blood cell counts in rats challenged with ethanol. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 rats, divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each were used for the study. Rats in group I were orally given 3 ml of physiological saline for 36 days, and group II rats given 1 ml each of 40 % ethanol daily for 18 days, followed by water for further 18 days. Groups III, IV, V and VI rats were orally given 3 ml of 25 mg/kg body weight/day of silymarin, 500 mg/kg body weight/day, 700 mg/kg body weight/day, and 900 mg/kg body weight/day of extract of S. nitida root bark accordingly for 18 days, followed by ethanol for further 18 days. Standard methods were used.....

Keywords: Blood cell counts, ethanolic extract, haematoprotective, root bark, Salacia nitida, toxicity

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this survey was to assess the level of preparedness of dental students in handling medical emergencies that may arise in dental practice. Method: A survey was conducted with 186 dental students, their responses wereanalyzed, and conclusions drawn from it. Result: The results showed that the vast majority of dental students are ill prepared in matters concerning the management of potentially life threatening emergency scenarios that may arise in clinical practice. Majority of the respondents knew how to diagnose a medical emergency in a dental practice (70.4%), and even knew the protocols to follow(66.7%). However, results took a negative turn when it came to executing the procedures. Only a small portion of 30.1% had an emergency kit ready at their place of practice and just 15.1% felt that they have been adequately trained. 62.9%, 79% and.....

Keywords: Dentists, students, preparedness, medical emergency