iosr-JVSP   Volume-12 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. - Apr. 2022

ABSTRACT: As communications technology is ubiquitous, and energy savings are ever more crucial in communications and data storage infrastructures, it is timely to revisit the technologies used for energy storage. Thismultidisciplinary paper especially focusses on the specific requirements onto energy storage for communications and data storage,derived from traffic, climate, high availability, and resilience, irrespective from energy sources used. It also addresses techno-economic, environmental &emissions tradeoffs offered by a model, and concludes with discussing future energy storage technologies.

Keywords— Energy storage, Communications networks, Data centers, Batteries, Battery power loss, AD-DC power conversion, Life-cycle costs, Environmental life-cycle cost, Emissions life-cycle cost.

[1]. G. Hedlund, Monitoring of lead acid batteries, ELTEK White paper, 19/12/2013 www.eltek.com
[2]. R.R. Schmidt, H. Shaukatullah, Computer and telecommunications equipment room cooling: a review of literature, Proc. 8 th Intersociety conference on thermal and thermo mechanical phenomena in electronic systems, 2002, 751-766,Publ. by IEEE, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2002.1012531
[3]. ETSI ,5G PPP Architecture Working Group: View on 5G Architecture, https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/5G-PPP-5G-Architecture-WP-For-public-consultation.pdf
[4]. DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity storage handbook (in collaboration with NRECA), EPRI and DOE, 2013
[5]. G. Koutitas, P. Demestichas, A review of energy efficiency in telecommunication networks, TELFOR Journal, Vol 2, no 1, 2010, 2-7 http://journal.telfor.rs/published/no3/no03_p01_fin.pdf

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a dual-band monopole antenna design with compact size for 5G communication under 6 GHz band frequency. The metallic monopole stub structure is used for miniaturization of antenna. It has a compact size of 24 mm × 14 mm × 1.6 mm3. The suggested antenna has been design on FR4 material with ɛr = 4.4 with 1.6 thickness. The L-shape monopole antenna is modified by adding semi-circular element in radiating structure of monopole to obtain dual-band resonance. The proposed antenna has 5G application in the bands of 2.5 GHz (2.34 GHz-2.62 GHz) and 3.6 GHz (3.20 GHz-5.20 GHz). The bandwidth of antenna getting 280MHz and 2300MHz at 2.5GHz and 3.6GHz respectively. VSWR is less than 1.06 for both the bands. The designed dual band monopole antenna covers 5G bands of 2.3-2.4GHz (n30/n40), 2.4-2.5GHz (n7/n38/n41/n90), and 3.2-5.2GHz (n77/n78/n80). This proposed dual band monopole antenna is suitable for 5G Communications.

Keywords— Monopole, Dual-band, Miniaturization, 5G and L shape.

[1]. C.A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design", 2nd Edition, Wiley, 1997.
[2]. Yi Huang and Kevin Boyle, "Antennas from Theory to Practice", Wiley, 2008.
[3]. Thomas A. Milligan, "Modern Antenna Design", Wiley, 2005.
[4]. Yuya Saito et al., "Large Scale Field Experimental Trial of Downlink TDD Massive MIMO at the 4.5GHz Band", Proceedings of IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 1-6, 2017.
[5]. Jianzhi He and Xi Wei, "A Compact Dual-Band Antenna for C-Band Applications", Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology, pp. 113- 117, 2016

ABSTRACT: The process of wireless electrical power transfer has been around for quite some time. Its application in charging of devices wirelessly is ever increasing, especially in charging of portable devices and standalone batteries. It is a flexible and inexpensive way of power transmission. In this paper, we report that a method ofwireless electrical power transmission has been designed and developed. Resonance coupling was adopted to increase the coupling between the transmitter and receiver. This increased the distance of power transmitted between the receiver and transmitter while also giving the receiver some degree of freedom of orientation, considering the size of the receiver's coil. A class D.....

Keywords— electrical power transfer; receiver; resonance coupling; transmitter; wireless

[1]. A.B.Kurs,A.Karalis,R.Moffatt,J.D.Joannopoulos, P.H.Fisher andM. Soljacic(2007).Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled MagneticResonances, Science, 317, pp. 83-86.
[2]. Augustine, M., & Duke, M. (2014). WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION. 5(10), 125–129.
[3]. Hassan, M. A., Elzawawi, A., Field, F., & Field, N. (2019). Wireless Power Transfer through Inductive Coupling. 115–118.
[4]. Jiang, C., Chau, K. T., Liu, C., & Lee, C. H. T. (2017). An Overview of Resonant Circuits for Wireless Power Transfer. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10070894
[5]. Khayrudinov, V. (2015). Wireless Power Transfer System. (March).

ABSTRACT: The Mobile Telecommunication Network (MTN) among many other telecommunication industries embrace the use of fiber optic technology to deploy their networks to offer services to their customers based on its numerous advantages. The advantages are not limited to its immunity to electromagnetic wave pick up, high capacity of bandwidth for data and voice activities, and immunity to cross talk. It is without doubt that the fiber optic network infrastructure deployed by the MTN has suffered frequent fiber cuts. In addition, these cuts have had impactsnegatively on the quality of service delivery to its numerous customers across the length and breadth of Ghana. Furthermore.....

Keywords— Fiber optic, Telecommunication, Financial, Scientific, Network, expenditure.

[1]. Adams, L., (2009), "Overview of Fibre Infrastructure Opportunities in the UbuntuNet Region", International Development Research Centre, Canada, [online] available on https://idl-bnc. idrc. ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/40489/1/128889.pdf, Accessed on 6th August 2016.
[2]. Afzal, I. M., n.d., Effect of Fiber Cut in Pakistan, Telenor Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd, http:// www.sanog.org/resources/sanog6/idrees-pk-fibercut.pdf, Accessed on 13th July 2016
[3]. Allwood, M. C., (2011), "The distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods is problematic", [online] available on http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/ schatz berg /ps816 /Allwood 2012.pdf, Accessed on 21st August 2016.
[4]. Anon, (2002), "Installation Guide For Optical Fibre Cable", [online] available on http://www.nexans.fr/ France/group/doc/fr_FR/INSTALLATION _GUIDE _Rev.1.0.pdf, Accessed on 17th July 2017

ABSTRACT: 5G mobile communications system is offering very high speed data communications technology having connectivity to all sorts of the networks like 2G, 3G, 4G, WiMAX, MANET, VANET and other adhoc mobile networks. Authentication of a mobile subscriber (MS) or a sub-network and a main network are an important issue to check and minimize security threats or attacks. An artificial intelligence based mutual authentication system applying fuzzy neural network with four biometric entities is proposed. Voice frequency matching of the salutation or the selective words used by a subscriber like Hello, Good Morning, etc. with his/her stored voice frequency of that particular word is taken as first entity. Second entity is chosen as matching the flipping or clapping.....

Keywords— Biometric entities; Face image matching; Flipping sound frequency; Fuzzy neural network; Fuzzy operation; Identifier; Mutual authentication; Packet switching; Salutation word; Threat.

[1]. William C. Y. Lee, Wireless and Cellular Communications, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Publishers, 2008.
[2]. M. L. Roberts, M. A. Temple, R. F. Mills, and R. A. Raines "Evolution of the Air Interface of Cellular Communications Systems toward 4G Realization," IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 2-23, Mar 2006.
[3]. P. K. Bhattacharjee, and R. K. Pal "A Novel Approach on Mutual Authentication Techniques in 4-G Mobile Communications" International Journal of Computer Engineering and Computer Applications, California, USA, vol. 08, no. 01, pp. 42-49, July 2011.
[4]. Martin Sauter, Beyond 3G Bringing Networks, Terminals and The Web Together, A John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Publication, Sussex, U.K., 2009.
[5]. Vilem Novak, Jiri Mockor, Irina Perfilieva, Mathematical Principles of Fuzzy Logic, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2006..

ABSTRACT: Approximately 36.5 million tons of garbage is produced by the country annually. If dustbin is not maintained then these can cause an unhealthy environment and can cause pollution that affects our health. The main objective of the project is to design a smart dustbin which will help in keeping our environment clean and reduce human interaction. This smart garbage bin is built using IoT and Robotics. It consists of hardware such as microcontroller, motor driver IC, Wi- fi module, servo motor, battery, etc. which is controlled by remote. The arms of the dustbin move with the help of the servo motors......

Key Word: IoT, robotics, Arduino; microcontroller; Motor driver IC; servo motor

[1]. S.S. Navghane, M.S. Killedar, Dr.V.M. Rohokale, IoT Based Garbage and Waste Collection Bin, May 2016.
[2]. S. Sulthan Alaudeen, Dr.Lakshmi A, Degradable and Non-Degradable Waste Separation Using Intelligent Approach International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2019
[3]. R. M. Sahu, A. Godase et al., "Garbage and street light monitoring system using internet of things," International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, vol. 4, issue 4, April 2016
[4]. Mr.Varun Chaudhary1, Mr. Rohit Kumar2, Mr. Anil Rajput3, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019
[5]. S. Sulthan Alaudeen, Dr.Lakshmi A, Degradable and Non-Degradable Waste Separation Using Intelligent Approach International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2019