iosr-JVSP   Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan - Feb. 2024

ABSTRACT: Electronic circuits are exposed to very high energy radiation in the harsh conditions of outer space. This leads to soft errors such as single-event upsets (SEU), double-event upsets (DEU) and single-event transients (SET). The memory circuits are the most susceptible to these soft errors resulting in severe data loss. This paper proposes the design for an SRAM cell that is radiation hardened by design (RHBD). A comparative study of the standard SRAM cell and the RHBD SRAM cell indicates that the proposed design is resilient to SEUs and DEUs. The proposed design is an improvement on the 8T SRAM cell design and includes a 20T triple interlocked cell (TICE) design. The error correction capabilities of both designs are compared by manually injecting bit upsets......

Keywords: DEU; Radiation Hardening; RHBD; SET; SEU; DEU; SRAM

[1]. N. Chen, T. Wei, X. Wei and X. Chen, "A Radiation Hardened SRAM in 180-nm RHBD Technology," 2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2013, pp. 159-162
[2]. N. K. Z. Lwin, H. Sivaramakrishnan, K. -S. Chong, T. Lin, W. Shu and J. S. Chang, "Single-Event-Transient Resilient Memory for DSP in Space Applications," 2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP), 2018, pp. 1-5
[3]. Yuanyuan Han, Tongde Li, Xu Cheng "Radiation Hardened 12T SRAM With Crossbar-Based Peripheral Circuit in 28nm CMOS Technology," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 2962-2975, July 2021
[4]. C. Naga Raghuram, B. Gupta and G. Kaushal, "Double Node Upset Tolerant RHBD15T SRAM Cell Design for Space Applications," in IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 181-190, March 2020
[5]. D. Patel and N. Gajjar, "An Investigation of Single Event Upset Hardened SRAM Bit Cells," 2021 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT), 2021, pp. 1-4.

ABSTRACT: The need for high capacity long haul telecommunication system to carry huge traffic demands in recent times has lead to the use of optic fiber communication system because of its high capacity carrying advantage over wireless systems. But optic fiber signals suffer some signal impairment issues such as nonlinearity which tends to degrade its transmission performance. This paper proposed the use of adaptive optical equalizer to mitigate such impairments. To achieve that, a simulink model of the system was first developed for simulation experiments. Then the impact of out-of-bound nonlinear signal on the three key performance indicators (Q Factor, Bit Error Ratio and Eye Height) studied was evaluated. An adaptive optical equalizer system was them applied to the network and......

Keywords: Nonlinear optic fiber, self-phase modulation, Kerr effect, refractive index, nonlinearity mitigation

[1]. Paul E. and Green, Jr, 2003 " Fiber Optic Networks", Prince Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey,
[2]. Agrawal, G. P.,2001, "Nonlinear Fiber Optics", 3rd edition, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2001.
[3]. Poggiolini, P.; Jiang, Y. "Recent Advances in the Modeling of the Impact of Nonlinear Fiber Propagation Effects on Uncompensated Coherent Transmission Systems". J. Lightw. Technol. 2017, 35, 458–480. [CrossRef]
[4]. Golani, O.; Feder, M.; Shtaif, M. Kalman, "MLSE equalization of nonlinear noise". In Proceedings of the 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 19–23 March 2017; Optical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA, 2017.
[5]. Golani, O.; Elson, D.; Lavery, D.; Galdino, L.; Killey, R.; Bayvel, P.; Shtaif, M. "Experimental characterization of nonlinear interference noise as a process of intersymbol Interference". Opt. Lett. 2018, 43, 1123–1126.

ABSTRACT: The Key Objective is HDL RTL Design Architecture of Ultra high multi Clock Frequency Speed Rate ( MHz, GHz, THz, PHz, EHz, ZHz, etc) Bits Per Second Baud Rate ) P.R.B.S(Pseudo Random Binary Sequence) Transceiver Soft A.S.I.C IP Core product for identification of the property of Different Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Patterns (Seed Words) of 2e7-1, 2e10-1, 2e15-1, 2e23-1, 2e31-1 tapped elements as per C.C.I.T.T-I.T.U Standards and IEEE-754 Single and Double Data Rate Data Precision Standards (32 bit & 64 Bit Data Width ) suited for Very Advanced Futuristic Hi-tech Smart High Speed Long Distance Wireless Digital Communication A.S.I.C Products / Applications like Space/Satellite, Aerospace and Large Data Processing and computing like High.......

Keywords: P.R.B.S- Pseudo Random Binary Sequence, Wi-Fi-Wireless Fidelity, F.P.G.A – Field Programmable Gate Array, IDE – Integrated Development Environment. C.C.I.T.T- Consulting Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone, I.T.U- International Telecommunication Union, A.S.I.C- Application Specific Integrated Circuit, E.D.A- Electronic Design Automation

[1]. "ITU-T Recommendation O.150". October 1992.
[2]. Tomlinson, Kurt (4 February 2015). "PRBS (Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence)". Bloopist. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
[3]. Paul H. Bardell, William H. McAnney, and Jacob Savir, "Built-In Test for VLSI: Pseudorandom Techniques", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987.
[4]. Wikipedia, "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Pseudorandom_binary_sequence"
[5]. Wikipedia "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Linear_feedback_shift_register".

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for clock distribution that uses current, rather than voltage, to distribute a global clock signal with reduced power consumption. The Current-mode (CM) signaling can be used for one-to-many clock distribution network. To accomplish this, we create a new high-performance current-mode pulsed flip-flop with enable (CMPFFE) using Tanner tool in 180nm CMOS technology. When the CMPFFE is combined with a CM transmitter, the first CM clock distribution network exhibits 32% lower average power compared to traditional voltage mode (VM)......

Index Terms: Current-mode, Voltage-mode, Clock distribution network, flip-flop, low-power

[1]. H. Zhang, G. Varghese, and J. M. Rabaey, "Low swing on-chip signaling techniques: Effectiveness and robustness," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 264–272, Jun. 2000.
[2]. C. Anderson, J. Petrovick, J. Keaty, J. Warnock, et al, "Physical design of a fourth-generation power GHz microprocessor," in Proc. ISSCC, Feb. 2001, pp. 232–233.
[3]. D. Sylvester and C. Hu, "Analytical modeling and characterization of deep-sub micrometer interconnect," Proc. IEEE, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 634–664, May 2001.
[4]. A. Katoch, H. Veendrick, and E. Seevinck, "High speed current-mode signaling circuits for on-chip interconnects," in Proc. ISCAS, May 2005, pp. 4138–4141.
[5]. F. Yuan, CMOS Current-Mode Circuits for Data Communications. New York: Springer, Apr. 2007.

ABSTRACT: An eigenmode projection technique is utilized to solve the problems ofthe electromagnetic wave propagation in shielded transmission lines. The technique isadopted to solve theproblems ofinfinite length rectangular shaped loaded lineswhere a fictitious canonical cavity surrounded by perfect electric surfaceis chosen to enclose the line and the fields inside are expanded in terms ofthe cavitysolenoidal and irrotational eigenmodes where they are considered as a complete set torepresent any vector field inside the cavity. The fields in Maxwell's equations inside theenclosed region are then expanded using the cavity eigenmodes. Finally, a set of equationsfor the eigenmodes are resulted by using thefields expansions in Maxwell's equations ofthe cavity where mode projections are done. This set of equations aresolved together toget the line dispersion curve and the propagating modes.

Key Word: Eigenmodes; Resonance; Transmission Lines; Microstrip Lines; Coplanar Waveguides

[1]. L. Rayleigh, "On the passage of electric waves through tubes," PhilosophicalMagazine, vol. 43, 1897.
[2]. K. S. Packard, "The origin of waveguides: A case of multiple rediscovery," IEEETransactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, MTT-32, Sep. 1984.
[3]. D. M. Pozar, "Microwave engineering," in, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2012,ch. 3.
[4]. C. A. Balanis, Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,2012.
[5]. R. M. Barrett, "Microwave printed circuits a historical survey," IRE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., MTT-3, Mar. 1955.
[6]. W. J. Getsinger, "Microstrip dispersion model," IEEE Trans. Microwave TheoryTech., MTT-22, Jan. 1973.