IOSR-JBM   Volume-16 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2014

Abstract: Real Estate Business provides the means of serving one of the basic needs of human being living in the city- the need for shelter or house. The current trend of urban growth in Bangladesh is about 5-6 percent per annum (REHAB, 2013).This will change and increase the demand of people geometrically. At present 28 percent people live in urban areas which are expecting to be 34 percent in 2025 (The Daily Ittefaq, May, 2013). The present estimated population of Dhaka city is 15.93 million and estimated growth rate is 4.7 percent per annum (REHAB, 2013). All these people need shelter. To satisfy the housing need of this huge explosive population, here comes the need of real estate sector. The main focus of this research is the present scenario of real estate business in Bangladesh. This paper also highlights prospects and some problems of high-rise building. The study is descriptive in nature and data were gathered through primary and secondary sources. The result of this study show how real estate business are playing very important role to provide housing facilities regardless of high, middle and low-income people since the past two decades and also creates job opportunities for the unemployed people in Bangladesh and provided remarkable contribution to boost up overall economic conditions of Bangladesh. Keywords: Real Estate business, Bangladesh, building, urbanization, apartment..

[1]. Annual Report (2007), National Housing Finance and Investment Ltd.
[2]. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2013.
[3]. BBS, 2003 Population Census 2001: National Report (Provisional), Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
[4]. Benjamin, D. John (2003), "The Environment and Performance of Real Estate", Journal of Real Estate Literature, Vol. No. 11, Page 279 to 324.
[5]. Field Survey, Sheltech Developer Ltd., 2012.
[6]. Hoek-Smit, Marja C. (1998). Housing Finance in Bangladesh - Improving Access to Housing Finance by Middle and Lower Income Groups, Prepared for Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-Operatives, GOB and UNDP/UNCHS (Habitat), http://housingfinance.wharton.upenn.edu/Docs/bareport.pdf.

Abstract: Knowledge Management(KM) is a key concept in today's business world. Knowledge is an intellectual asset for each organization. Knowledge Management, the systematic management of organizational knowledge - a strategic corporate asset thus is captured, transferred, shared and, utilized for organizational competitiveness. To get the most value from a company's intellectual assets, KM practitioners should maintain and manage it for long term benefits. It is imperative to acknowledge the knowledge and such a discipline of KM is now well-established in many large organizations and they practice in a better way. This has been neglected amongst Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) especially the auto component firms. Therefore, this research study has been conducted in Auto Component SMEs of Pune Region to understand KM Infrastructure dimensions such as culture, employee participation, leadership, rewarding with incentives and training and mentoring followed amongst the SMEs and its impact on Knowledge Acquisition and Capture dimension of KM process. The findings appear that in SMEs, there is a significant impact of training and mentoring on knowledge acquisition and capture. Rest of the KM infrastructure dimensions like culture, employee participation, leadership and rewarding with incentives are not having significant impact on Knowledge acquisition and capture.

Keywords: SMEs, Auto component firms, Knowledge Management, KM Infrastructure dimensions, Knowledge Acquisition & capture

[1] Davenport, T., DeLong, D. and Beers, M., Successful Knowledge Management projects. Sloan Management Review, 39(2),1998, 43-57
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Abstract: Karnataka state, papaya crop occupied an area of 4889 ha and cultivated in 26 districts, out of which 2271 ha area is in northern parts of Karnataka state. In North Karnataka, Gulbarga and Bidar account for 56 per cent of area. However, in recent years papaya growers are facing several production and marketing problems. The problems in production includes non-availability of genuine plant material, high incidence of disease especially viral diseases, etc., have threatened the cultivation of papaya. The present study covers the economics of production and marketing of papaya and identify the problems faced by the papaya cultivator in its cultivation and marketing. It envisages to suggest possible corrective measure to bring about the desired improvement in production and marketing of papaya.

Keywords: Karnataka, Marketing, Papaya, Production,

[1]. Singh, I.D., 1990, Papaya, Mohan Primlani for Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi.
[2]. Venkateshwarlu, M., Raju, V.J. and Naidu, M.R., 1998, Growth and productivity of banana in Andhra Pradesh.South Indian Horticulture, 36 (4) : 163-166.
[3]. Sundaravaradarajan, K.R. and Jahanmohan, K.R., 2002, Marketing cost, margin, price spread and marketing efficiency of cashew in Tamil Nadu.Agricultural Situation in India, 59 (1) : 9-16.
[4]. Subrahmanyam, K.V., 1986, Profitable lime cultivation in Andhra Pradesh.Indian Horticulture,31 :5-6.
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Abstract: Micro financing plays a key role in enabling small business organizations to expand their businesses and fund their operational costs. Micro finance is the supply of microloans, savings; micro insurance and other basic financial services to the poor- particularly those who have been left out by conventional banking institutions. Micro Financial Institutions lend small businesses both short term and long term loans. MFIs have embedded their operations in rural areas with the purpose of alleviating the poverty problem that affects many people. The lending philosophy of MFIs is based on the Grameen Bank model in which social groups form the collateral for receiving a loan. Without legal contractual obligations established to push members to adhere to a stipulated timeframe and interest rates many group members fail to pay back under the lenders' lending conditions. The purpose of this research is to investigate factors influencing loan payment ability of entrepreneurs accessing credit through groups.

[1]. Armenderiz B. and J. Morduch (2002), "The Economics of Microfinance."
[2]. Charles Mensah (2013). "The relationship between loan default and repayment schedule in micro finance institutions in Ghana.
[3]. Greg Fischer (2010), Spanning the chasm: " Uniting theory and Empirics in microfinance research‟.
[4]. Hulme ,D.(2000) "Impact assessment methodologies for microfinance: Theory, experience and better practice."
[5]. Navajas ,S et al.(2002) "Microcredit and the Poorest of the Poor :Theory and Evidence from Bolivia ,"The Triangle of microfinance".

Abstract: Any investment programme in ECDE aims at an overall programme of expanding access in order to enhance ECDE services that are of high quality for the children aged 4 years to 5 years. Such children are children living in difficult circumstances such as Arid and Semi Arid lands (ASAL), urban slums and other poverty stricken areas in Kenya. The Kenya government has proposed to achieve this goal for the ECDE investment programme under Kenya Education Sector Support Programme (KESSP) by establishing a policy guideline which is national and service standards for ECDE, enhancing capacity building and community mobilization and giving support grants to the communities. Other strategies are reviewing of the ECDE curriculum, promoting ECDE health and nutrition and preparing the children ready for primary schooling. The evaluation was concerned with the effectiveness of the implementation of Community Support Grant programme in order to enhance enrolment in ECDE for children aged 4-5years. The objectives of the study was to evaluate whether enrolment in ECDE for learners aged 4-5years have been enhanced after the implementation of community Support Grant, challenges facing the implementation of Community Support Grant and the way forward in implementing Community Support Grant in Murungaru Zone Nyandarua South District. The paper has lots of significance to ECDE policy makers who need to enforce the ECDE policies as opposed to the way the policy is being practiced. The ECDE children stand to benefit since the policies and practice will be in tandem. The transformation of society can't be complete if the ECDE sector appears to be forgotten; hence national development remains a dream. A summative evaluation was done guided by Scriven's Model of Expert –Oriented Evaluation Approach. The worrying reality however is that despite the Government's effort in financing all the ECDE centres in Murungaru Zone, some of the schools have been registering a drop in enrolment. .Some of the challenges facing the implementation of Community Support Grant is; Free Primary Education Policy, Poverty, attitude, misappropriation of funds, parents level of education and inadequate funds. The paper concludes that ECDE being bedrock to the foundation of learning, serious considerations on enrolment and challenges facing the implementation need to be enforced in order to benefit the child.

Key words: Community Support Grant, Early Childhood Education.

[1]. Ministry of Education. (2009). Education Facts and Figures 2008-09. Nairobi: MOE
[2]. Ministry of Education Science and Technology. (2005). The Background Report of Kenya, report for the UNESCO/OECD Early Childhood Policy Review Project. Nairobi: MOEST.
[3]. Republic of Kenya. (1988). Education and Manpower Training for the Next Decade and Beyond (Kamunge Report). Nairobi: Government Printer.
[4]. Republic of Kenya. (2005). Kenya Education Sector Support Programme (KESSP) 2005–2010. Nairobi: Office of the President and Ministry of Home Affairs.

Abstract: Stress is often termed as twentieth century syndrome born out of man's race toward modern progress and its ensuring complexities. At one point or the other, everybody suffers from stress. Stress has become a part of day-to-day living of every individual. On the one side, stress provides the means to express talents and energies, and pursue happiness; while on the other it can also cause exhaustion and illness, either physical or psychological. This paper has been designed to study the stress management techniques of bank employees in Nigeria banking industry. An attempt has been made to find out the relationship between the female and male coping mechanisms during stress. The researcher makes use of gender and sections in determining his decisions. The descriptive statistical, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ANOVA statistical technique in testing the relationship among variables. The result shows thatmale and female bank employees will not significantly cope with stress management techniques in Nigerian banking industry. It also shows that male and female bankers were found not to differ significantly on their stress management technique and that stress management is not gender sensitive or gender- centric.The researcher recommends that training, total computerization and others to enable bank employees' cope-up with the stress in the work places. Also the stress management techniques work best when they are used regularly, not just when the pressure is on knowing how to de-stress and doing it when things are relatively calm can help one get through challenging circumstance that may rise.

Keywords: Bank employees, Coping, Management techniques, Stress, Stress management.

[1]. Agulanna, E.C (2007). Executive stress, Managing the manager for survival. 3rd ed; Owerri: Joe Mankpa Publishers.
[2]. Agulanna, E.C and Agulanna, G.G (2003). Management of Retirement and Ageing. Owerri: Joe Mankpa Publishers.
[3]. Akah, L.U (2013). Stressors and Job performance of Health workers in the Public Sectors of Calabar metropolis, Cross-River State, Nigeria International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities 4(2): 142 – 148.
[4]. Akindutire, I.O; Adegboyega, J.A and Adigun, J.T (2012). Etiological factors of stress and coping strategies among management staff of colleges of Education in South West, Nigeria Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and policy studies (JETERAPS) 3(1): 16 – 21.
[5]. Igbal, M (2012). Impact of Job stress on Job Satisfaction among Air Traffic controllers of Civil Aviation Authority: An Empirical Study from Pakistan International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2(2): 53 – 70. www.macrothink.org/ijhrs

Abstract: The major players in IT industry are now offering an environment that will retain the talented women workforce. To develop women friendly work environment leading companies are now offering benefits like lactation centers, extra maternity leave, work from home policies, crèches, and option to relocate to city of their choice in case of transfer of the husband. Educated Women have had significant breakthrough by breaking the traditional household, child rearing, socially oppressed life style, because of access to IT. It really requires an innovative strategy to create large-scale employment. Though late, the government has now realized that ICT can play an important role in generating large-scale employment opportunities, suitable to the educated unemployed in Kerala. IT provides an enabling potential to improve women's lives. It can provide an important tool in meeting women's basic needs and can provide access to resources to lead women out of poverty. Here is the relevance of the present study.

Key words: Information and Communication Technology, Women Empowerment, Digital Divide, Gender Divide, Akshaya programme,

[1]. Annual Report of Human Resource Development, Government of India, 2011-12
[2]. Annual Report of Human Resource Development, Government of India, 2012-13
[3]. Anju M, Sidney RS (2002). Measuring Women's Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives pp.10-50.
[4]. Eswar R, Patnaik B (2006). "Empowerment of Women in Orissa: A Case Study of Koraput District", Women Empowerment, Panigrahy R.L, Dasarathi Bhuyan, Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi pp.43-56.
[5]. Dr. Chandrasekhar, K.S, Siva prakash (2010). The Role Of Information Communication Technology In Women Empowerment And Poverty Eradication In Kerala,APJRBAM 1(2) available at http://www.skirec.com

Abstract: Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of commercial banks operating in Tanzania in the year 2006 to 2013. The empirical findings reveal that, banks operate at 95.9% level of efficiency i.e. inputs could be reduced by 4.1% without sacrificing output if all banks were efficient as benchmark banks identified by DEA. The observed inefficiency of banks is due to poor input utilization i.e., managerial inefficiency. Large banks found to be the most efficient banks. The multivariate regression analysis using Tobit analysis highlights that; asset quality, management efficiency and liquidity are the most significant determinants of banks efficiency.

Keywords: Bank efficiency, Data envelopment analysis (DEA), Bank specific factors, Tobit analysis

[1]. Anderson, R., F, R., Zumpano, L. and Elder, H. (1998), "The efficiency of franchising in the residential real estate brokerage market", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 15, pp. 386-96
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[4]. Berger, A.N. and Humphrey, D.B., (1997), "Efficiency of financial institutions: international survey and directions for future research", European Journal of Operational Research Vol. 98(2): 175-212.
[5]. Berger, A.N., Hunter, W.C and Timme, S.G (1993) "Efficiency of financial institutions" .A review and preview of research, past present, and the future, Journal of banking and finance, Vol. 21,pp 895 947

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of power and politics in the public sector, Nigeria. Qualitative research methodology was chosen to study the Power Holding Company Nigeria (PHCN). The company's representatives were interviewed to generate data relevant to the objective of this study. Research found that; power applied positively in line with organizational policy increases productivity. Productivity increases due to interpersonal relationship among employees and personal initiative. Power applied negatively decreases organizational productivity due to employees' victimization, causing them not giving the best of their input as desired for organizational survival. Again, it results to conflict among employees which can lower productivity. Due to struggle for power, factions are formed leading to negligence of responsibility which invariably lowers organizational productivity. On the issue of politics, study also found that; good political behavior increases productivity of the organization, because everyone is carried along (individual, group and organization) interest are represented, therefore there is no room for chaos or rancor that can bring conflict among employees. On the other hand, bad political behavior reduces productivity by disrupting interpersonal relation among employees, information sharing, and organizational functions. Politics is a lubricant that oils an organization's internal gears, apply the proper lubricant things work fine, and forget to lubricate it, your organization will grind to a halt. Study concludes that organizational politics can be dealt with, if managers should shun or control any political behavior that can sabotage organizational interest rather than individual interest.

Key Terms: Power, Organizational Politics, Influence, Motivation and Behavior.

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