IOSR-JBM   Volume-17 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2015

Abstract: Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy which focuses on customer satisfaction by improving the organisation performance through co-ordination of various processes in all the business units. The purpose of TQM is to provide quality product or service to the customer which inturn provides increased productivity at low cost. TQM is applicable to all manufacturing and service industries. It operates on the principle that cost of prevention is less than the cost of correction. This study focuses on TQM development, performance and sustenance in service industries through effective communication, critical success factors and market orientation. It examines the quality improvement through effective employee communication and the relationship between CSFs and company performance. The study suggests Deming's Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle based approach to develop and sustain TQM. It articulates the relationship between TQM and market orientation, in terms of both elements (practices) and performance. The study investigates the reasons for TQM failures and proposes guidelines for successful implementation of TQM. Keywords: Critical Success Factors (CSFs), Effective Communication, Market Based Quality, PDSA, TQM Failures, and TQM Implementation

[1]. E. Allen and R. Brady, "Total quality management, organisational commitment, perceived organisational support and intraorganisational communication", Management Communication Quarterly, 10(3), 1997, 316-41.
[2]. S. A. Brah, J. L. Wong and B. M. Rao, TQM and business performance in the service sector, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 20(11), 2000, 1293-1312.
[3]. F. Talib. et al., Total Quality Management in Service Sector: A Literature Review, International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 6(3), 2012, 259-301.
[4]. D.C. Barnlund, A transactional model of communication (Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2008)

Abstract: The main focus of this study is to identify the level of frequency of the job stressors for corporate individuals surveyed and trace out the distressing factor that affects most individuals. The paper also throws light onto the areas explored where changes can be made by the employees, managers, and the Human Resources (HR) department so as to reduce the stress factors by making a change. The emphasis was mainly on the corporate sector of India to assess the degree to which indicators of job stress at workplace (Work timings stretched, Inadequate break times, Repeated heavy workload, Unfair distribution of work, Monotony at work, Deadline Pressures, under utilization of skills and working relationships) influences Indian native's mental and emotional well being. The data was collected by surveying employees of various Corporate through a structured questionnaire. The sample size was 62. Both primary and secondary sources of data were extensively used for analyzing this study. 87% of the respondents felt stressed due to work related issues, 79% felt flexible working hours relieves tension.

Keywords: Employees, Job stressors, stress indicators, work-related issues, flexible working hours.

[1]. Geeta Kumari, K.M. Pandey, (2011), Studies on Stress Management: A case Study of Avatar Stell Industries, Chennai, India, International Journal of Innovation Management and technology, 2(5), 360-367. [2]. Eric S. Parilla,(2012), Levels of stress experienced by NWU employees: Towards developing a stress management, Asian journal of Management Research, 2(2), 778-781.

Abstract: Human Resource Accounting (HRA) was introduced in 1980s, it is the process of identifying, communicating, and measuring data about human resources. It is highly complicated in today's market to find well knowledge, and highly motivated people. But Human Resource is one of the most important operations for any organization or business. Without the human involvement can lose its efficiency in work, and all the areas of business and levels human efficiency is required with machine efficiency. Thus companies have to recognize and appreciate the value of their employees. It is worth and capital investments. The objective of this paper is to study the Human Resources Accounting practices, to identify challenges and issues, and to give suggestions based on the findings of the study. Keywords: Capital investment, Human Resource Accounting (HRA), HRA Challenges, HRA Issues, HRA Practices.

[1] Guru Prasad Puttu (2009) "Human Resource Accounting Issues and Challenges, ICIMP Journal of Accounting Review, Jaipur, Volume II,
[2] Bonner, S. E., and Walker, P. L. (1994) "The Effects of Instruction and Experience on the Acquisition of Auditing Knowledge," The Accounting Review 157-178.
Books:
[3] Flamholtz, E. G. 1947 Human Resource Accounting. Encino, Dickenson.

Abstract: GLASS CEILING EFFCT as the name suggests is an invisible barrier which prevents women from reaching the top of the corporate hierarchy. One would like to imagine that the glass ceiling effect is something that is easily reversible by women as long as they know the proper ways to fight it. Unfortunately, the glass ceiling is embedded within our society through a variety of barriers that can both indirectly and directly afftect a females ability to obtain management positions across the country. It is no secret that the glass ceiling is an issue faced by women all over the world, likely for many of the same reasons.

[1]. http://businesstoday.in/story/international-womens-day-few-in-senior-positions-india-office/1/204063
[2]. http://ndtv.com/article/india/ only-five-percent-indian-women-in-senior-corporate-posts-study-595395
[3]. http://in.mobile.reuters.com/article/idlNKBN0G71IV20140807?irpc=932
[4]. www.catylyst.org/knowledge/women-ceos-fortune-1000
[5]. http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/aug/19/ gender-pay-gap-women-bosses-earn-35-percent-less-than-men
[6]. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/11/26/ top-male-engineer-at-google-make-nearly-20-more-than-their-female-peers
[7]. http://www.feminist.org/research/business/ewb-glass-html

Abstract: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) playa an increasingly important role in business success today, and economic, political, and social factors are shaping CSR strategies around the world. Approached strategically, CSR has the potential to generate opportunity, innovation and competitive advantage for organizations while solving pressing social problems. The study explored the effectiveness of CSR strategies on organizational performance by ascertaining whether responsibility towards primary stakeholders influences the financial and non-financial performance of commercial banks.

[1] Equity Bank (2011, September). Equity agency is taking banking closer to the people. Equity News , p. 11.
[2] Equity Bank (2012). Retrieved April Thursday 25, 2013 from http://www.equitybank.co.ke/index.php/blog/view
[3] Kotler, P. (2005). Corporate social responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause. New Jersey: John Wiley & sons inc.
[4] Oloyinka, M., & Temitope, F. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance in developing economies:The Nigerian experience. Journal of economics andsustainable development, 3(4).

Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to find the relationship between innovation indicators and export performance of the country. We used patents, trademarks, industrial design, number of scientific journals, R&D expenditures as indicators of innovativeness of the country. As a sample we have constructed unbalanced panel data for 48 Asian countries with time series from 1997 to 2011. After OLS regression we found that only innovativeness indicator which positively associated with export performance is a number of registered industrial design in the country. The rest of innovativeness indicators did not show any significant relationship with export performance of the country.

Keywords: innovation, export, FDI, trademarks, patents, R&D

[1]. Vernon, R., International investment and international trade in the product cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 1966, 90-207.
[2]. Krugman, P., A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer, and the World Distribution of Income. Journal of Political Economy, 87 (2), 1979, 253-266.
[3]. Nelson, R. R., The market economy, and the scientific commons. Research Policy, 33(3), 2004, 455–471.
[4]. Furman, J., Porter, M., and Stern, S. The determinants of national innovative capacity. Research Policy, 31, 2002, 899–933.
[5]. Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E., Innovation and growth in the world economy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991.
[6]. Liu, X., and Buck, T., Innovation performance and channels for international technology spillovers: Evidence from Chinese high-tech industries. ResearchPolicy, 36, 2007, 355–366.

Abstract: Definition and Meaning Of Performance Appraisal According to Wayne Cascio, "Performance appraisal is the systematic description of an employee's job relevant strengths and weaknesses." Performance appraisal may also be defined as a structured and formal interaction between a subordinate and supervisor, that usually takes the form of a periodic interview (annual or semiannual), in which the work performance of the subordinate is examined and discussed, with a view to identifying weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities for improvement and skills development.

[1]. "Performance management and appraisal systems" – T.V.RAO- 2004
[2]. Molvi, Abdul Qadir, College of Business Management, Karachi Pakistan Business Review, April 2012, v. 14, iss. 1, pp. 132-64
[3]. Uchgaonkar, Mohan Vasant-- A study of performance appraisal systems and practices followed in selected organizations with reference to supervisory / managerial level submitted to university of pune in 2008 for the award of Ph.D.
[4]. Pettijohn, Charles E.; Pettijohn, Linda S.; d' Amico, Michael-- Human Resource Development Quarterly, Summer 2001, v. 12, iss. 2, pp. 127

Abstract: The Islamic state of Iraq and Syria which precisely is named 'ISIS' is an Islamic fundamental sect that came in the world scene two decades ago under the leader of an Islamic extremist named Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Though, before the emergence of this deadly group, there had been other Islamic groups that had unleash terror in our time. No matter the nomenclature they assume, all we know is that they have one aim. And that is to carry out a jihadist movement that is hell-bent in converting everyone to Islam if possible. One of the mission statements of Islamic state of Iraq and Syria is that anyone who dares to resist any Islamic system of worship in the world would be dealt ruthlessly with. Iraq which abi initio have been termed axis of evil secured a veritable ground to hatch their evil plans by liaising with troubled Syria to attack the west which they accused of being enemy to Islam.

[1]. Emesowum C.K. (2008). Global terrorism and the new world order.
[2]. Essam .E. (2014). ISIS and their activities in the middle-east. A threat to world peace.
[3]. Marie .A.A (1997) – the terrorists group and the history of their formation.
Magazines
[4]. Terrorism of Islam – Tell magazine of June 17, 2013: 21 – 22
News Papers
[5]. ISIS and the battle of Kobani in Syria – The Union mail Thursday October 23, 2014.
[6]. ISIS and their activities – This Day Monday October 13, 2014 P. 53
Internet
[7]. A.M.E.T Google by Bobby Ghosh (2014)
[8]. The terrorists groups' evolution from fervid fantasy to death cult by Bobby Ghosh, august 14, 2014 A.M.ET. Google

Abstract: The performance of an organization is managed by monitoring and managing the performance of the individual employees in the onganization. 360 degree feedback is considered to be one of the method of performance Appraisal system which reduces the subjectivily of a traditional supervisor appraisal. In a 360 degree appraisal system, the employees performance is evaluated by his supervisors, his peers, his internal/external suppliers and his subordinate managers and leaders within organizations use 360 degree feedback surveys to get a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses. 360 degree feedback can be considered as one of the attribute of performance management system which is goal oriented and focused on present as well as future performance.

[1]. RoopaPai, ‗Telling it like it is ………….nicely.'Business Today, 22 June- 6th July 1997, P.144.
[2]. Robert Slater, ‗Electrical General' (Book extract from Get Better or Get Beaten, published by Business One Irwin).
[3]. Human Resource Management by R. Wayne Mondy, Robert M. Noe, Shane R. Premeaux.
[4]. M. London and R. W. Beatty, 360 degrees feedback as competitive advantage Human Resource Management, Summer / Fall 1993 quoted in Michael Armstrong.
[5]. P. Ward, ‗A 360 degree turn for the better people management, February 1995, quoted in Michael Armstrong.
[6]. Suresh Srivastava & Frank Barett. Quoted in James H. Kouzes and Barry Z. Pozner, Credibility – How leaders Gain and Lose it, Why people Demand it. Jossey – Bass publishers, SanFrancisco 1993, pp, 97-98.

Abstract: The research looked into operations and performance of Eldoret International Airport as a public utility. Based on the study, this paper seeks to evaluate performance by establishing whether cargo tonnage of industrial and commercial nature have been increasing or decreasing ever since the inception of the Airport. The research adopted a case study design with the population of interest being centred within the Airport. However efforts were made to seek information from relevant Ministry officials and stakeholders in Eldoret town. The data needed was obtained through face-to-face interviews with various Airport officials.

[1]. Eldoret International Airport's (2000).
[2]. Kenya Airports Authority (2000).
[3]. Livingstone, & the Late Ord, (1980)
[4]. Majchrzak, A. (2013). Methods for Policy Research: Taking Socially Responsible Action (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
[5]. Rist, R. C. (1982a). Earning and Learning: Youth Employment Policies and Programs. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
[6]. Rist, R. C. (1982b). On the Applications of Ethnographic Inquiry to Education: Procedures and Possibilities. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 19(6).

Abstract: Even though innovation is deemed to be a solution to the many challenges that hinder growth of firms, it is believed that it can enhance business growth but it is not clear whether innovation by itself can lead to business growth among the SMEs due to the challenges they face. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of innovation on growth of medium-sized businesses. Based on the study, this paper describes the socio-economic characteristics of entrepreneurs and the challenges they face in trying to innovate towards improving the performance of their firms in Eldoret Kenya.

[1]. Abratt, H., & Lombard, E. (1993). The Impact of Product Innovation on Performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 8(4), 240-51.
[2]. Acs, Z.J., & Audretsch, D. B. (1990). Innovation And Small Firms. Cambridge: MIT Press.
[3]. Alvonitis, G.J., & Salavou, H.E. (2007). Entrepreneurial Orientation of SMEs, Product Innovativeness and Performance. Journal of Business Research, 566-575.
[4]. Beck, T., Demirgue-Kunt, A., & Lavine, R. (2005). SMEs, Growth, and Poverty: Cross country Evidence. Journal od Eonomic Growth, 10, 199-229.
[5]. Besssal, J., & Tidd, J. (2007). Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market, and Organizational change. Chichester: Wiley.

Abstract: Gold is a superior investment than real estate due to its portability and ready availability. Since the real estate market is depressed without a quick morale boost and even existing investors who are caught by bad sales, it would be preferable to invest in gold instead. The amount you can invest, the convenience of making payments, the taxes you'll owe, the affordability of upkeep, the investment's liquidity, its return on investment, and so on are all important considerations

Keywords Real Estate, Investment, Gold Investment

[1]. Graham JR. How big are the tax benefits of debt? The Journal of Finance. 2000;55(5):1901-41.
[2]. Franck SD. The Nature and Enforcement of Investor Rights Under Investment Treaties: Do Investment Treaties Have a Bright Future. UC Davis J Int'l L & Pol'y. 2005;12:47.
[3]. Cooper RW, Haltiwanger JC. On the nature of capital adjustment costs. The Review of Economic Studies. 2006;73(3):611-33.
[4]. Liu CH, Hartzell DJ, Grissom TV, Greig W. The composition of the market portfolio and real estate investment performance. Real Estate Economics. 1990;18(1):49-75