IOSR-JBM   Volume-17 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2015

Abstract: Many firms and industries in Zimbabwe were mainly using market share(units and or revenue) as a measure of market dominance and prosperity. This was supported by the top managers who demanded that board room discussions be based on tangible figures around financial and production volumes. This made marketing directors to rely on calculating relative market share and absolute market share metrics for reporting their marketing activities and performance. Sharp fluctuations in sales and customer base seemed to be difficult to predict using the more historical market share and sales volume metrics. This study was done since marketing managers were losing confidence of market share metrics in preference of measuring and using the share of mind and share of heart psycho-emotional positions.

[1]. Abyrab, M.J (1999) "Marketing Straight to the Heart", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 16 Iss: 6, pp.616 – 628
[2]. Franzen, G. and Bouwman, M. (2001), The Mental World of Brands, WARC, Henley-on-Thames.
[3]. Jobber D(2010) Principles and Practice of Marketing, 6th Edition, London;McGraw-Hill Education.
[4]. Keller, K.L. (2003), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, Prentice-Hall,Upper Saddle River, NJ.
[5]. Kotler P and Armstrong G (2013) Principles of Marketing, 14th Edition, Boston; Pearson Education Limited.

Abstract: The models of Sharīʿah supervisory governance differ from one country to another. In some countries, there is central Sharīʿah Supervisory Boards at Central Bank level such as Malaysia. Whereas, in other countries, there are the Sharīʿah Supervisory Boards at bank level only, such as Bahrain. Therefore, this paper discussed the model of Sharīʿah governance for Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia. It explained the establishment of Sharīʿah Boards for Islamic bank and finance in Malaysia as well as the process of appointing Sharīʿah governance board for IFIs in Malaysia. Moreover, the Sharīʿahgovernance in Islamic bank in Malaysia and legal framework was analysed. The study concluded by identifying Malaysia as a strong proponent of regulation-based model.

Keywords: Sharīʿah Governance, Framework, Model, Malaysian, Islamic Banking and Finance, Critical Analysis

[1]. BNM/RH/GL 012-4. (2014). The Principles and Practices of Sharīʿah in Islamic Finance, Sharīʿah Standard on Muḍārabah issued on 22 October 2012 and effective implementation date is 1 January 2014. Islamic Banking and Takaful Department.
[2]. BNM/RH/GL_012_3.(2010). Sharīʿah Governance Framework for Islamic Financial Institutions.Islamic Banking and Takaful Department.
[3]. Bank And Financial Institutions Act (BAFIA) 1989, Section 2(1).
[4]. Banking and Financial Institutions Act (BAFIA) 1989, section 124 (1).
[5]. Chapter 1 of Part VII, sections 52(B) CBMA, 2009.
[6]. Dasuk A.W, et, al., (Ed). (2012). Islamic Financial System Principle & Operations. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia, ISRA.
[7]. Frasier-Nelson.E. (2014).Bank Islam Malaysia: A Global Leader in Islamic Finance. International Banker, Summer.

Abstract: According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), by 2020 alone some 60 crore additional jobs will need to be created for youth reaching working age in developing countries. In the future, actions to promote youth employment in developing countries with high population growth will be more urgently needed than ever before. This research aims to identify the benefits and drawbacks of Youth Bulge. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, Telephone Calls and personal interviews. Various Statistical tests like Percentage Analysis has been used. Here we analyse the Youth Bulge Phenomenon by evaluating the demography of Ollur village in Thrissur.

Key words: Population, Youth Bulge, Ollur, Indian Economy, Demography.

[1]. http://www.financialexpress.com/article/fe-columnist/tackling-indias-shrinking-youth-bulge/32738/
[2]. http://thediplomat.com/2013/03/the-promise-and-peril-of-indias-youth-bulge/
[3]. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/projects/skilled-migration-and-brain-drain/
[4]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_bulge.

Abstract: Successful new product/service introductions are important for a firm's long-term performance. This holds especially for industries in which firms invest heavily in innovative products, an example of which is the banking industry. The purpose of this study was to establish the factors affecting adoption of products by customers of commercial banks in Kenya. It sought to examine the influence of product complexity, technology, communication and Pricing on product adoption. A descriptive research design was adopted. The study population comprised of the three tiers of commercial banks in Kenya where data was collected from nine banks. The study findings indicated that product adoption and product complexity were negative and significantly (β= -0.423, p<0.05) and accounted for 17.5% of the variations in product adoption. The results also indicated that technology and product adoption were positively and significantly related (β=0.429, p<0.05) and it accounted for 21.5% of the variance in product adoption. The results further indicated that communication, had a positive and significant relationship (β=0.512, p<0.05) with product adoption at 5% and that it accounted for 24.2% of the variations in product adoption. The results also indicated that pricing and product adoption were significantly and negatively related (β=-0.608, p<0.05) and that it accounted for 26.1% of the variations in product adoption. From the findings the study therefore recommended that commercial banks should endeavor to develop products that are not too complex for the customer to comprehend. In so doing commercial banks will thus be able to increase the uptake among their customers. It was also recommended that the technology used should not be too technical for the customers to comprehend as this would have an adverse impact product adoption. It was also concluded that commercial banks should price their products competitively and in line with the benchmarks within the industry as this impacts the rate of adoption of products.

Key words: Product Adoption, Product Complexity, Communication, Technology

[1]. Agarwal, R., Rastogi, S., & Mehrotra, A. (2009). Customers' perspectives regarding e-banking in an emerging economy. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 16(5), 340-351.
[2]. Reid, S. E., & De Brentani, U. (2004). The fuzzy front end of new product development for discontinuous innovations: a theoretical model. Journal of product innovation management, 21(3), 170-184.
[3]. Semih Yildirim, H., & Philippatos, G. C. (2007). Efficiency of banks: recent evidence from the transition economies of Europe, 1993–2000. European Journal of Finance, 13(2), 123-143.
[4]. Singh, S. (2006). Cultural differences in, and influences on, consumers' propensity to adopt innovations. International Marketing Review, 23(2), 173-191.
[5]. Im, S., Bayus, B. L., & Mason, C. H. (2003). An empirical study of innate consumer innovativeness, personal characteristics, and new-product adoption behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(1), 61-73.
[6]. Damanpour, F., Walker, R. M., & Avellaneda, C. N. (2009). Combinative effects of innovation types and organizational performance: A longitudinal study of service organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 46(4), 650-675.
[7]. Reinartz, W., Dellaert, B., Krafft, M., Kumar, V., & Varadarajan, R. (2011). Retailing innovations in a globalizing retail market environment. Journal of Retailing, 87, S53-S66.

Abstract: Researchers in the present study examined the role of interpersonal relationship dimensions in assessing leadership styles using the FIRO – B instrument & the theoretical foundation of big five personality traits. They studied the three dimensions of FIRO – B: Inclusion, Control and Affection, including the two sub dimensions expressed and wanted. Researchers found that females show more interpersonal relationship than males. And also found significant difference among the three dimensions of the FIRO – B. Researchers in this study related interpersonal relationship with the leadership styles of the students and found that these are positively associated with each other. It means both vary with each other in the same direction with the exception of few sub dimensions. In the present study they also found that males are significantly more skillful than females. This study contributes in the organization as well as academics as knowing the interpersonal dimensions of the students beforehand will help the authority to manage individuals in a meaningful manner.

Keywords: Interpersonal Relationship Dimensions, Leadership Styles, Personality traits FIRO –B.

[1]. Ahmetoglu, G., Chamorro premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2010). Interpersonal Relationship Orientations, Leadership, and Managerial Level: Assessing the practical usefulness of the FIRO-B in organizations. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 18(2), 220-226.
[2]. Bartone, P., Eid, J., Johnsen, B., Laberg, J., & Snook, S. (2009). Big five personality factors,. Leadership & Organization, 30(6), 498-521.
[3]. Brandt, T., & Laiho, M. (2013). Gender and personality in transformational leadership context : An examination of leader and subordinate perspectives. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 34(1), 44-66.
[4]. Dehoogh, A., Den harlog, D., & Koopman, P. (2005). Linking the Big Five-Factors of personality to charismatic and transactional leadership; perceived dynamic work environment as a moderator. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(7), 839-865.
[5]. Hautala, T. (n.d.). The relationship between personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Management Development, 25(8), 777-794.
[6]. Heyi, S., Na, M., & Dan, G. (2007). The Study on Relationship between the Traits of Leaders. Canadian Social Science, 3(1), 39-46.

Abstract: From last so many years, Women entrepreneurs are inspiring and motivating entrepreneurs. Women in today's era are preferred to be entrepreneurs instead of doing household work. Due to economic globalization, women entrepreneurs are speedily getting popularity as well as huge importance in India. Women have proved that they can enter in each and every field. Women entrepreneurs are emerging as smart and dynamic entrepreneur. They have proved to be on par with their Men counterparts in business acumen. The performance of successful women entrepreneur working in socio economic sector is outstanding. Today economy is changing and everybody is moving to e-commerce. The e-commerce sector has outstanding growth in 2014 .The growth of E-commerce helps the women entrepreneur to generate new ideas and work from home. There is tremendous growth of women entrepreneurs in e-commerce sector like Anisha Singh founder and CEO OF mydala, Shivani and Tanvi owners, fabally.

[1]. Kumbhar, Vijay. (2013). Some critical issues of women entrepreneurship in rural India. European Academic research, VOL. I, issue 2
[2]. Chander, Subash. (2013). Study of financial problems of women Entrepreneurs, International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research, Vol. 2 (4).
[3]. Jayen, K.Thaker. (2013). Obstacles faced by women Entrepreneurs in India.
[4]. Mahaboob Basha, A.M., & Sai, Pranav, & Nagabhushana, Rao, R.V.S.S., & K. Madhavi., and Sri, Sudha. (2013). A study on the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Nellore, AP, India Research Journal of Management Sciences, Vol. 2(10), 1-5.
[5]. Prof. Kothawale, C.P. (2013). Women Entrepreneurship Development: Problems & Prospects, Vol- 2, Issue- I
[6]. wikipedia.org/wiki/Female entrepreneur

Abstract: An integrated management system results when an organization uses one single management system to manage multiple aspects of organizational performance. This paper discusses about the various management systems that can be integrated. It also explains about the management system and its corresponding ISO standard. It details about the management standards approach and structure, its benefits and compatibility with other standards.

Keywords: Integrated Management System, International Organisation for Standardization, Quality Management system, Environmental Management System, Occupational Health & Safety Management System, Information Security Management System, Audit Plan, Roles and Responsibilities, Audit Report

[1]. Annex SL (normative) Proposals for management system standards.
[2]. ISO/CD 9001 Quality Management Systems – Requirements.
[3]. ISO/CD 14001 Environmental Management Systems – Requirements.
[4]. ISO/CD 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems – Requirements.
[5]. ISO/CD 27001 Information Security Management Systems – Requirements.

Abstract: This research investigates how board composition influences corporate investment. This study considers the effect of board structure on R&D and examines the relationship between ownership configuration, board structure, R&D investment, and capital Investment. Also, I explore how the different board structures contribute to R&D and capital investment. The hypothesis was tested using panel analysis and logit analysis, utilizing a sample of Japanese electronics corporations for the financial years 2010-2014.While institutional investors affect corporations by promoting R&D investment, their influence on R&D is not addressed through outside directors dispatched by institutional investors.

[1]. Aoki, M and Jackson, G. and Miyajima, H(2007), Corporate Governance in Japan, Oxford University Press.
[2]. Aoki.M(2010), Corporations in Evolving Diversity ,Cognition, Governance, and Institutions, Oxford University Press.
[3]. Baysinger, B. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (1989). Diversification strategy and R&D intensity in large multi-product firms. Academy of Management Journal, 32(2), pp. 310−332.
[4]. Baysinger, B. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (1990). The composition of boards of directors and strategy control: Effects on corporate strategy. Academy of Management Review, 15(1), 72−87.
[5]. Black, B. and H. Gospel and A. Pendleton(2007), "Finance, Corporate Governance, and the Employment Relationship", Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Vol.46, Issue 3, pp.643-650.
[6]. Blair, M., & Stout, L. A. (1999), "A team production theory of corporate law", Virginia Law Review, No. 85, pp. 247-328.
[7]. Blair, M. M., & Stout, L. A. (2001), "Corporate accountability: Director accountability and the mediating role of the corporate board", Washington University Law Review, No. 79, pp. 403-447.

Abstract: Studies in the field of information technology and consumer behavior have established that adoption of e-banking is determined by several factors. As discussed in this paper, some of these factors include perceived security, e-satisfaction and e-trust. However, no agreement has been reached among the scholars since the findings of these studies remain inconclusive. This conceptual paper has therefore introduced the mediating effect of e-trust and e-satisfaction in the context of Nigeria with the purpose of enhancing the relationship between e-banking adoption and perceived security. With this attempt, a major gap has been filled theoretically while a call has been put forward to future researchers to empirically test conceptual framework of this study.

[1]. Adam, N., Dogramaci, O., Gangopadhyay, A., Yesha, Y., 1999. Elec- tronic Commerce: Technical, Business and Legal Issues. Prentice- Hall, New Jersey.
[2]. Abushanab, E., Pearson, J. M., & Setterstrom, A. J. (2010). Internet Banking and Customers ‟ Acceptance in Jordan : The Unified Model ‟ s Perspective. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 26(April 2010), 493–524.
[3]. Adesina, A. A., & Ayo, C. K. (2010). An empirical Investigation of the Level of Users‟ acceptance of E-Banking in Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 15(1), 1–13.
[4]. Agwu, E. (2012). A Qualitative Study of Problems and Propsects of Online Banking in Developing Economies- Case of Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 17(3), 1–20.
[5]. Aiman-Smith, L. and Green, S.G. (2002), "Implementing new manufacturing technology: the related effects of technology characteristics and user learning activities", The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 421-430.
[6]. Adesina, A. A., & Ayo, C. K. (2010). An empirical Investigation of the Level of Users‟ acceptance of E-Banking in Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 15(1), 1–13.
[7]. Aldás-Manzano, J., Lassala-Navarré, C., Ruiz-Mafé, C., & Sanz-Blas, S. (2009). Key drivers of internet banking services use. Online Information Review, 33(4), 672–695. doi:10.1108/14684520910985675

Abstract: Green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally preferable to others.Protection of the environment is an issue of key concern which has permeated into all spheres of life. Green marketing is perceived as an opportunity by many organizations to achieve their longterm goals. Marketers, however, once felt that green products were a trend and simply attempted to exploit the potential opportunity at the moment. (Banerjee, Gulas&Iyer, 1995) Green marketing looks at how marketing activities utilize these limited resources, while satisfying consumers wants, both of individuals and organization as well as achieving the sales objectives of the organization.

[1]. http://www.marketing-schools.org/types-of-marketing/green-marketing.html
[2]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_marketing#History
[3]. http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2014/01/14/five-strategies-avoid-taint-greenwash-your-business
[4]. http://ijiet.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/71.pdf
[5]. http://ecopreneurist.com/2011/10/26/top-10-green-marketing-campaigns/
[6]. Principles of Marketing, A South Asian Perspective- Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, Prafulla Y. Agnihotri, EhsanUlHaque, 13th Edition, Pg. 490-511

Abstract: Garments sector is the life blood of Bangladesh as the agricultural land has there been turned to a country of garments industries. Employment in the Ready-made garment sector in Bangladesh provides workers with economic benefits and some empowerment. More than 3.2 million people are working in this sector where more than 80% are women and about 5000 garments factories are scattered across the country. The present status of women workers in garments industry still in an inferior situation and safety and security is still a concern. The study attempts to explore the present status of women empowerment with the purpose to analyze, conceptualize the underpinning knowledge and rationale of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). For this, the main findings are based on an analysis of existing literature on CSR issues and Women Empowerment explaining how Women empowerment is important for companies, related to the global issues and relation of women empowerment in RMG sector's business strategy of Bangladesh.

[1]. Ahmed, N. 2009, "Sustaining Ready-made Garment Exports from Bangladesh‟, Journal of
[2]. Contemporary Asia, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 597–618.
[3]. Allen, D. & Husted, B. 2006, "Corporate social responsibility in the multinational enterprise: Strategic and institutional approaches‟ Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 838.
[4]. Ali, R, Begum, F, Salehin, M & Farid, K 2008, "Livelihood pattern of rural women garment workers at Dhaka city‟ Journal of Bangladesh Agriculture University, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 449–456.
[5]. Brandt, M. 2014, "Drivers for CSR, block-2, preparatory Module. Nyenrode Busniess University. Netherland.
[6]. Carroll, A. 1979, "A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance‟ The Academy of Management Review, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 497–505.

Abstract: Marketing can be really green. Increasing awareness on the various environmental problems has led a shift in the way consumers go about their life. Increasing awareness on the various environmental problems has led a shift in the way consumers go about their life. There has been a change in consumer attitudes towards a green lifestyle. People are actively trying to reduce their impact on the environment. Corporations turn green washing to make themselves look more environmentally friendly. Now a days people are becoming more and more aware of the dangers and looking for environmentally friendly products. Green marketing involves more than simply presenting an environmentally friendly product. It also speaks to, and actively promotes, a company's processes and business practices as having low environmental impacts.

[1]. Green Marketing and Its Impact on Consumer Behavior- European Journal of Economic and Political Studies.
[2]. Marketing a green Product – Business Week.
[3]. Marketing a Green Product By Karen E. Klein March 05, 2007

[4]. Mrs.R.Sudha, ―Green Marketing in India‖, Namex International Journal of Management Research, Vol. No.2, Issue No.1, Jan–June 2012.

[5]. Pavan Mishra & Payal Sharma , ― Green Marketing in India : Emerging Opportunities and Challenges‖, Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education,Vol. 3, 2010/9-14.

Abstract: Factors influencing entrepreneurship behaviour among yam agribusiness entrepreneurs in Benue State of Nigeria were analysed. The specific objective was to identify and analyse the factors influencing entrepreneurship behaviour among yam agribusiness entrepreneurs. Data were collected from 288 yam agribusiness entrepreneurs in six local government areas and 24 wards using a multi-stage sampling technique. Structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. Data collected were analysed using factor analysis. The result reveals that financial and socio-economic factors significantly influence the entrepreneurship behaviour of yam agribusiness entrepreneurs.

[1]. Agbaeze, E.K. (2007). Development of Entrepreneurship: The Nigerian Perspective. Precision Publishers Limited, Enugu.
[2]. Akande, S.O. and Ogundele, O.O. (2007). Yam Production in Nigeria: A Policy Analysis Matrix. In: Nkamleu, B., Annang, D. and Bucco, N.M. (eds), Securing Livelihoods Through Yams. Proceedings of a Technical Workshop on Progress in Yam Research for Development in West and Central Africa held in Accra, Ghana, 11-13 September, 2007. Pp 10-25
[3]. Amujoyegbe, B.J. and Bamire, A.S. (2005). Economic Analysis of Land Improvement Techniques in Smallholder Yam-Based Production Systems in the Agro-Ecological Zones of SouthWestern Nigeria. J. Hum. Ecol. 18(1): 1-12
[4]. Asumugha, G.N., Njoku, M.E., Okoye, B.C., Aniedu, O.C., Akinpelu, O.A., Ogbonna, M.C., Anyaegbunam, H.N., Ibeagi, O., Amaefula, A. and Nwosu, K.I. (2007). An Analysis of the Demand and Supply of Seed Yams in Major Yam Producing Areas of Nigeria. In: Nkamleu, B., Annang, D. and Bucco, N.M. (eds), Securing Livelihoods Through Yams. Proceedings of a Technical Workshop on Progress in Yam Research for Development in West and Central Africa held in Accra, Ghana, 11-13 September, 2007. Pp 55-70

Abstract: The paper explores some practical and applicable ideas ofJaina leadership styles from ancient Jain literature. Ananalysis of qualitative continuums of two leadership styles – 1. Charismatic, 2. Transformational, in Jainascripture – Sthanang Sutra informs the world that we Indians were well aware of qualitative Continuum theories if not more, then at least 2500 years ago.Because these scriptures are collections of sermons of Lord Mahavira, whose time period is somewhere around 2500 years ago from today.

[1]. Pravartaka Amar Muni, "Illustrated Sthananga Sutra Part II‟, Padma Prakashan, Delhi, 2004.
[2]. Acharya Abhayadev Suri, "Shri Sthananga Sutra – dwiteeyavibhago‟, Shri Mahavira Jain Vidyalaya, Mumbai, 2003.
[3]. Fred Luthans, "Organizational Behavior‟, McGraw Hill Inc., Singapore 1995.
[4]. Donnelley, Gibson, Ivancevich, "Fundamentals of Management‟, Business Publications Inc.,United States of America, 1987.
[5]. Gary Dessler, "Management Fundamentals‟, Reston Publishing Company Inc, Virginia, 1985.
[6]. Jim Barrett, "Total Leadership‟,Institute of Directors KOGAN Page,New Delhi, 1999.
[7]. John Adair, "Leadership and Motivation‟. KOGAN PAGE, New Delhi, 2006.

Abstract: Though there is limited body of knowledge on the relationship between Entrepreneurship Information and the fostering of entrepreneurial culture, poor information have been found to impact on the ability of the new firm to survive in the first few years of startup even highly confident entrepreneurs who sought less information were found by prior studies to be less successful.Hence, there is much emphasis on the gathering and utilization of external information by individuals who are interested in entrepreneurship.Using a descriptive analysis, this paper examines the impact of information provided by governmental sources on the development of entrepreneurial culture in Southern Nigeria.Findings reveal that to some extent, entrepreneurship information provided by governmental sources does aid in the development of three constituent of entrepreneurial culture on individuals in Southern Nigeria with important recommendations for policy making

Keywords: Entrepreneurship information, Entrepreneurial culture, Government Agencies

[1]. Barkham, R. J. (1994) EntrepreneurialCharacteristics and theSizeoftheNewFirm: AModel and anEconometricTest, Small Business Economics, Apr1994, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p117-125, 9p;
[2]. Brownson, C. D. (2013) Fostering Entrepreneurial Culture: A Conceptualization, European Journal of Business and Management, Vol.5, No.31 (2013).
[3]. Brownson, C. D. (2014) Nurturing Entrepreneurial Culture: Analysis on AkwaIbom (355pages), Lambert Academic Publishing, LAP, Germany (Oct. 2014). ISBN: 978-3-659-59133-4
[4]. Cooper, A. C., Gimeno-Gascon, F.J., and Woo, C. (1994) Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance, Journal of Business Venturing, 9(5), 371-395.
[5]. Cooper, Arnold C.; Folta, Timothy B.; Woo, Carolyn (1995)EntrepreneurialInformationSearch,Journal of Business Venturing, Mar95, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p107, 14p
[6]. Daft, R. L. and Lengel, R. H. (1986) Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design, Management Science, May86, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p554-571, 18p

Abstract: With the era of globalization, ERP development and implementation has taken a massive step. In last few decades ERP has given an advantage in different industries for their day to day work and has gained worldwide acceptance. In India, major players in ERP market are SAP, Orac le and Microsoft Dynamics. While implementing an ERP in any country, a vendor has to keep in mind the Financial Regulations of that country as such. In India, most of the software implemented is developed abroad; hence it becomes difficult at times for the vendors to implement certain financial regulations, most commonly "Taxation". With every passing year, the software upgradation cost and end users training cost are thrown on the customer in the name of change in Financial Regulations of the country.

[1]. Bingi, Prasad and Maneesh K. Sharma andJayanth K. Godla. "Information system Management." 16.3 (Summer 99).
[2]. Goossenaerts, Jan B.M., Alexender 1 Zegers and Jan M. Smith. "A multi- Level Model- Driven Regime for Value- Added Tac Compliance in ERP Systems." SSRN working Paper Series (2009).
[3]. Krigsman, Michael. ERP Implemetationbenchmaqrk: Comparing SAP, Oracle, and Microsoft. 16 July 2012. <www.zdnet.com/erp-implementation-benchmark-comparing-sap-oracle-and-microsoft-7000000971/>.
[4]. Wallgum, Thomas. 10 Famous ERP Disasters, Dustumps and Disappointments. 2009. <www.cio.com/article/486284/10_Famous_ERP_Disasters_Dustups_and_Disappointments.>.