IOSR-JBM   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2015

Abstract: This study aims to understand how website dominant color (blue vs red) can impact purchase intention through website involvement. To collect data we conducted an online experiment followed by a questionnaire. Specifically, we conducted a sample of 300 Tunisian Internet users who use the internet to book their holidays. Results indicate that websites color lead to cognitive involvement and affective involvement Websites. Responses from the participants also reveal that website involvement leads to purchase intention.

[1]. Ariely, D. (2000), "Controlling the Information Flow: Effects on Consumers' Decision Making and Preferences," Journal of Consumer Research (27) 2, pp. 233-248.
[2]. Liu, Y. and L. J. Shrum. (2009), "A Dual-Process Model of Interactivity Effects," Journal of Advertising (38) 2, pp. 53-68.
[3]. Wu, C.S., Cheng F.F and Yen, D.C. (2008), « The atmospheric factors of online storefront environment design: An empirical experiment in Taiwan », Information and Management, 45, pp 493-498.
[4]. Gnambs, T., Appel, M., Batinic, B. (2010), « Color red in web-based knowledge testing », Computers in Human Behavior," 26, pp 1625-1631.
[5]. Bellizzi, J.A., Crowley, A.E., Hasty, R.W. (1983), « The Effects of Color in Store Design », Journal of Retailing, (59), pp 21-45.
[6]. Markin, R.J., C.M. Lillis and C.L. Narayana. (1976), "Social Psychological Significance of Store Space," Journal of Retailing, 52 (1), pp.43-54.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to reveal how legislative candidate in the political marketing to be able became Indonesia parliament in Senayan Jakarta. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach, with a phenomenological analysis. Phenomenology is used to explore the experience of members of Parliament who have been chosen in the period 2009-2014. The results showed that the success of legislative candidates in the political market is determined by means of exemplary, commitment and intensity of socialization of the individual candidates. Modeling is done by maintaining the trust, and give a good example to the community. Commitments made by keeping ccredibility and provide assurance to the public, while the intensity of socialization done by introducing yourself and using the nickname that aim of the candidate's name is easy to remember by community.
Keywords: Political Marketing, Indonesia Parliament Senayan Jakarta.

[1]. Baines dan Egan, 2001). The relationship between a market orientation and financial performance in South African organisations. South African Journal of Business Management, 31(2), 84-90.
[2]. Harris 2001 Market orientation and company profitability: Journal of Management, 25, 173-199.
[3]. Dermody dan Scullion, 2001 Market orientation and firm value. Journal of Marketing Management, 17, 521-542.
[4]. O'Cass, Aaron, 2001,Political Marketing: An Investigation of The Political MarketingConcept and Political Market Orientation in Australian Politics. Eorupean Journal of Marketing, Vol 35, Pg 1003-1025.
[5]. O'Leary R. & Iredale, I, 1976,The Marketing Concept: Quo Vadis?.Eorupean Journal ofMarketing, Vol 10, No. 3, Pg 146-157

Abstract: Doing research requires genuine interest, sufficient time, rigorous effort and high degree of engagement in it. In India research appears to be the last priority of several academicians. They take up this task only to full fill the academic requirement. This paper aims to study the attitude of research scholars, what makes them to take up the research task and how really they are engaged in the research activity. For this a sample of 317 research scholars were chosen from the PhD aspirants enrolled with Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi, Karnataka.
Keywords: Engagement, Research Scholar, Academics.

[1]. Etzkowitz, H. (2003). Research groups as 'quasi-firms': the invention of the entrepreneurial university. Research Policy,32:109-121.
[2]. Bentz, V.M. and Shapiro, J.J. (1998), Mindful Inquiry in Social Research, Sage Publications,Thousand Oaks, CA.
[3]. Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds) (2005), ''Introduction: the discipline and practice ofqualitative research'', in The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd ed., SagePublications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 1-32.
[4]. Marshall, J. (1999), ''Living life as inquiry'', Systematic Practice and Action Research, Vol. 12 No. 2,pp. 155-71.
[5]. Reason, P. and Torbert, W.R. (2001), ''The action turn: toward a transformational social science'',Concepts and Transformations, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 1-37.

Abstract: This study empirically examined the impact of entrepreneurship training and education on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The researcher adopted a stratified random sampling technique, 500 entrepreneurs and apprenticeships were chosen from six recognized Local Government in Lagos State. The best linear unbiased estimator was used to test the relationship between entrepreneurship training and poverty reduction Nigeria. The result emanated from the findings suggests that there exist a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurship and poverty reduction and this was confirmed by the value of R2 the coefficient of determination. The study therefore recommends that the government should be wary of encouraging entrepreneurship training in all level of government as well entrenching it primary schools, tertiary institutions and inculcating it in the National University Commission curriculum.
Keywords: Poverty reduction, entrepreneurship training vocational education.

[1]. Akeredolu – Ale, E.O. (1975) "Poverty as a Social Issue: A Theoretical Note" In: Poverty in Nigeria, Nigeria Economic Society (NES) Annual Conference, Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, PP: 43-61.
[2]. Alberti, F., Sciscia, S. and Poli, A. (2004) Entrepreneurship Education; Notes on an ongoing debate. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Entrepreneur Conference, University of Napoli Federico 11, Italy, 4-7 July.
[3]. Ariyo, D. (2008) Small firms are the backbone of the Nigerian economy, Retrieved Nov. 8, 2005, from http://www.africaeconomicanalysis.org.
[4]. Arogundade, B.B. (2011). Entrepreneurship Education: An Imperative for Sustainable Development in Nigeria, Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS). Vol.2 No. 1:Pp 26-29.
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Abstract: Job satisfaction is an important part of organizational psychology and behavior, as it aims at the physical and mental well-being of individual employees, concerns with establishing policies for management to improve employees' job satisfaction and their job-related behavior and hence to improve the productivity. In other words, people who are satisfied with their jobs tend to perform better. When it comes to the definition of job satisfaction, we should point out that it includes both general job satisfaction and satisfaction with specific aspects of work such as work itself, pay and company policies. Locke (1976)1 defined Job satisfaction as a positive orientation toward ones work or role. Schneider, Gunnarson and Wheeler (1992, 53)2 argue that 'job satisfaction is function of not only what people have but also of what people have the opportunity to have. 'We believe job satisfaction is a function of situation and personality. It is affected by external conditions and varies from person to person depending on individual characteristics as well.

[1]. Locke, E.A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction: In M. D. Dunnette(Eds.) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp.1297-1349)Chicago: Rand McNally.
[2]. Piko, B.F. (2006). Burnout, role conflict, job satisfaction and psychosocial healthamong Hungarian health care staff: A questionnaire survey. InternationalJournal of Nursing Studies, 43, 311-318.
[3]. Duchscher, J.E.B., & Cowin, L. (2004). Multigenerational nurses in the workplace. Journal of nursing administration, 34 (11), 493-501.
[4]. Tzeng, H.-M. (2002). The influence of nurses' working motivation and jobsatisfaction on intention to quit: an empirical investigation in Taiwan.International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39 (8), 867-878.
[5]. Adams, A. & Bond, S. (2000). Hospital Nurses' Job Satisfaction, Individual andOrganizational Characteristics. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32, 536-543.

Abstract: In the present study the researcher explain the several theories about the influence of dividend policy on performance of firms. Researchers were examined such theories in the perspective of the firms which are undergo virtually by the discussion in order to determine the key drivers which show a vital role on determining the firms performances. Would be served merely an individual factor which has as whole influenceon financial performance of the company and it can be the number of dividends that may have a collectiveinfluence of the as whole performance of the firms. In this work, the researcher tried to determine the main indicators of their influence on performances of the company and is also embedded in the dividends policy of the company. The effect may be negative or positive according to the nature of the determinant. In this work, researcher took the sample of 400 firms, and the data is secondary. Ratios were calculated for all companies in that basically determining the dividend policy and therefore the correlation tests have been running for observe if the results are relevant or not. In conclusion, researcher told the variables which play asignificant role in examining the performances of enterprises.
Keywords: Ratios, Dividend policy, Firm performance

[1]. Abdelsalam, O., Masry, A. E. and Elsegini, S. (2008), "Board composition, ownership structure and dividend policies in an emerging market", Vol. 34 No. 12, pp. 953-964
[2]. Abor, J and Bokpin, G. A. (2010), "Investment opportunities, corporate finance, and dividend payout policy, Evidence from emerging markets", Studies in Economics and Finance Vol. 27 No. 3, 2010 pp. 180-194
[3]. Adelegan, O. (2009), "The impact of growth prospect, leverage and firm size on dividend behavior of corporate firms in Nigeria", Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
[4]. Al-Twaijry, A. A. (2007), "Dividend policy and payout ratio, evidence from the Kuala Lumpur stock exchange", The Journal of Risk Finance, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 349-363
[5]. Amidu, M. and Abor, J. (2006), "Determinants of dividend payout ratios in Ghana", The Journal of Risk Finance, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 136-145

Abstract: The growing stature of B2C type of e-commerce propelled by hectic e-retailing activity is observed both in practice and literature in recent times. Since, e-Commerce has become an integral part of urban life in India, the present study attempts to provide a snapshot of e-retailing activity with empirical details supporting the findings. Based on the survey data generated through 225 e-retailing customers, the study establishes 5 most popular e-retailers among the identified set of 27 players in the market. Similarly, 10 popular products among the list of 94 e-retailing products signify the suitability of product profile for e-retailing strategy. Further results also show significant level of association between customer income levels and Intensity to buy products/services from online retail shops. However, the study could not establish significant level of association between customer intensity of Internet usage and intensity to buy products/services from e-retailing shops. The corresponding implications and limitations are discussed in the work.
Key Words: B2C e-Commerce, e-Retailing and Internet Usage.

[1]. Ahmadi, Kaveh. (2011). Predicting e-customer behavior in B2C relationship for CLV model. International journal of business research and management, 2(3), 128-138.
[2]. Arora, Jyoti (2013). Prospect of E-Retailing in India. Journal of Computer Engineering, 10(3), 11-15.
[3]. Babin, B.J., Darden, W.R. and Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), 644-56.
[4]. BhowmikRoni , (2012). The Present E-Commerce Situation in Bangladesh for B2C E Commerce, International Journal of Economic Research, 3(5), 77-91.
[5]. BillewarSatish.R and Babu D. Henry (2012), TQM Solutions to B2C e-Commerce Problems. International Journal of Engineering Inventions, 1(12), 29-38

Abstract: The research project was carried out to examine "Problems associated with teaching failure and learning of business studies in public secondary schools in Yola North L.G.A of Adamawa State". However, the population of the study comprises of some secondary schools within the metropolis such as GDSS, Doubeli, GMMC, Yola, CGDSS, Yola etc from which sample were selected. The design of this study was a descriptive survey and data were collected and administered using structured questionnaire. And the data collected were statistically analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings of the study revealed that "business studies teachers do not teach properly and are unable to motivate students to study the subject. More also, they are no adequate infrastructural facilities, instructional materials as well as unavailability of machines such as computer systems, photocopier machine, typewriters etc. to facilitate learning on the part of the students. It is therefore, recommended that, Government should employ skilled. and qualified teachers to teach business studies and adequate attention should be given to the educational sector as well as sufficient fund should be provided to the secondary schools in order to purchase infrastructural facilities, instructional materials and equipments or machines which will in turn help enhance learning.
Keyword: Learning, Teaching, Failure, Business Studies, Public Schools.

[1]. Abraham, Nasakar and Stephen (2008): Strategies for improving business studies in JSSCE in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba state. A research project.Department of vocational education.FUT Yola.
[2]. Aliyu M.M (2001): Business education in Nigeria (Trend and Issues). Kwara-Nigeria: Gashen print media publishers.
[3]. Anamanze L.M (1999), Study skills acquisition. A remedy for exmnination malpractice in Nigeria. A journal of education for national development and international co-operation: Kaduna-Nigeria. Nigerian Association of Educatioon for National Development.
[4]. Edem D.A (2006), Introduction to educational administration in Nigeria. Ibadan-Nigeria: Spectrum books publishers.Jen S.U(2010), Fundamental of research methodology. Vola-Nigeria:Paracelete and sons publishers.
[5]. Kayode G. (2005): www.articlebase.com/college and university article/ exam-irregularities-in nigeria-school- 2550973 .html. Kochlar S.K (2000), Secondary school administration: Sterling publishers' private limited.

Abstract: The corporate governance practices are generally helps in improving the quality of life of the co-operative banks. The governing practices are used to refer changes and movements of the banking system and its activities. The need for corporate governance in developing, emerging and transitional economies not only arises from resolving problems of ownership and control, but also from ensuring transparency in achieving the desired goal of corporate governance in perspective of cooperative banks. In the co-operative banking sector the corporate governance is not practiced perfectly because of lack of management, poor board governance, fraudulent activities, lack of disclosure and transparency. The distinct nature of co-operatives, relevant trends and issues within corporate governance are explored within the framework of the co-operative sector. And this implies that three groups require clearly defined rights and responsibilities; members, directors and managers. The present study has encompasses both primary and secondary data. The sample size includes 20 Co-operative banks which are situated in Vijayapur city. The simple statistical measurements have used to analyse the data. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the problems and prospects of governance practices in cooperative banking sector. The paper traces out the possible benefits and adverse effect of negligence in governance practice and try to suggest some measures to overcome from possible adverse impacts of the same.
Keywords: CG, Cooperative banks, Governance principles and dynamics of CG.

[1]. Advisory Group on Corporate Governance (2001), Report on Corporate Governance and International Standards, Reserve Bank of India.
[2]. Balasubramanian, N (ed.), Corporate Governance in Development. The experiences of Brazil, Chile, India and South Africa, Centre for International Private Enterprise, OECD Development Centre.
[3]. Bhattacharyya Asish K., "3 Cheers for Corporate Governance", the Business Standard, Kolkata, 28th November, 2011.
[4]. Bhattacharyya Asish K., "Can a Board within the Board be avoided?" The Business Standard, Kolkata 15th April 2013.
[5]. Bhattacharyya Asish K., "Corporate Governance and Audit", The Business Standard, Kolkata ed, dt. 2nd June, 2008, pp.11.

Abstract: The study investigates role of corporate governance on bank performance in the Pakistani Context. Governance parameters include board size, board independence, ownership concentration and CEO duality. A regression model using ROA and ROE as a measures of performance, is attempted. The data corresponds to a panel of 19, listed Pakistani banks for the period 2005–2010.The regression analysis shows that Governance variables have impact on performance variables. The results provide support for the proposed model, and suggest the need for further research into framework for governance and Bank performance. The data corresponds to the 19 Pakistani Banks for the period of 2005 to 2010.
Keywords: Corporate Governance, Ownership Concentration, Board Independence, Board Size.

[1]. Adams, R., and Mehran, H. (2002). Board structure and Banking Firm Performance.Workingpaper, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
[2]. Adams, R., and Mehran, H. (2003). Is Corporate Governance Different for Bank Holding Company. FRBNY Economic Policy Review.
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[5]. Anderson, K., Deli, D., and Gillan, S.(2003). Boards of Directors, Audit Committees, and theInformation Content of Earnings. SSRN Working Paper.

Abstract: In the present study the researcher explain the several theories about the influence of dividend policy on performance of firms. Researchers were examined such theories in the perspective of the firms which are undergo virtually by the discussion in order to determine the key drivers which show a vital role on determining the firms performances. Would be served merely an individual factor which has as whole influenceon financial performance of the company and it can be the number of dividends that may have a collectiveinfluence of the as whole performance of the firms. In this work, the researcher tried to determine the main indicators of their influence on performances of the company and is also embedded in the dividends policy of the company. The effect may be negative or positive according to the nature of the determinant. In this work, researcher took the sample of 400 firms, and the data is secondary. Ratios were calculated for all companies in that basically determining the dividend policy and therefore the correlation tests have been running for observe if the results are relevant or not. In conclusion, researcher told the variables which play asignificant role in examining the performances of enterprises.
Keywords: Ratios, Dividend policy, Firm performance.

[1]. AlirezaFazlzadeh, KhoshmaramandFeyzipour. 2011. How Quality, Value, Image, and Satisfaction Create Loyalty at an Iran Telecom, International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 6, No. 8; August 2011
[2]. AlrubaieeLaith, 2012, Exploring the Relationship Between Ethical Sales Behavior, Relationship Quality, and Customer Loyalty,International Journal Of Marketing Studies, vol 4 No 1.
[3]. AlrubaieeLaithandNahlaAl-Nazer, 2010, Investigate the Impact of Relationship Marketing Orientation on Customer Loyalty: The Customer's Perspective, International Journal of Marketing Studies Vol. 2, No. 1
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Abstract: The number of entrepreneurs in Italy using Fablabs services is exploding. However, while entrepreneurs in the main centers of innovation, such as Silicon Valley, have crucial social, cultural, economic, and material resources to build high-impact companies, these resources are often not present in moderate innovators countries. Those resources are defined as innovation infrastructures, stable and dependable resources necessary to systematically conduct technology innovation activities. Entrepreneurs in moderate innovators countries have a double challenge of excelling at their company, and using innovation infrastructures such as Fablabs. This paper analyzes how Fablabs can facilitate the innovation activities of the Italian industries, reviewing the different definitions and frameworks of three key concepts, innovation infrastructures, Fablabs and Italian industry.
Keywords: Digital fabrication, Fablab, Innovation Infrastructure, Italian industry.

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Abstract:Nutrition labels on food items play an important role owing to the nutrition information they provide. The objective of the paper is to assess, and to identify the need for alternative nutritional labels, such as Front of Pack labeling. The research was conducted through a questionnaire administered across 4 cities aimed at assessing the importance and influence that consumers pay to these labels have while purchasing food targeted at children. This also included the method of traffic light labeling to see what impact it has on customers. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to focus on food labels and look at Front of Pack Labeling in detail. The new methods like the traffic light labeling system received high scores on the survey results – but it was also seen that it needs to be fine-tuned since the Cronbach Alpha scores show a need to improve clarity among the intricacies of traffic light labelling. It should also be ensured though that there is no information overload. There needs to be transparency among food companies, consumers and regulators which empower consumers to make better, more well-informed purchases.
Keywords: food labeling, front of pack labeling, nutrition, health, pre-packaged foods, nutrition information panels

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