iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2014

Abstract: We report a case of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis presenting with fever ,seizure, headache, vomiting, memory loss, confusion which is indeed a very unsual and rare presentation. She recovered very well with antiviral and anti epileptic medications. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is an acute or subacute illness that causes both general and focal signs of cerebral dysfunction. Brain infection is thought to occur by means of direct neuronal transmission of the virus from a peripheral site to the brain via the trigeminal or olfactory nerve. The exact pathogenesis is unclear, and factors that precipitate HSE are unknown. Diagnosing this disease early & providing appropriate treatment with antiviral therapy is important to achieve an optimal clinical outcome.

[1]. Whitley RJ. Viral encephalitis. N Engl J Med 1990;323:242–50.
[2]. Whitley RJ (2006). "Herpes simplex encephalitis: adolescents and adults". Antiviral Res. 71 (2–3): 14
[3]. Kropp, Rhonda Y., et al. (2006). "Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in Canada: results of a 3-year national prospective study.". Pediatrics Vis. Sci. 117 (6): 1955–1962.
[4]. Xu, Fujie; Sternburg Maya; Kottiri Benny; McQuilan Geraldine; Lee Francis; Nahmias Andre; Berman Stuart; Markowitz Larui (2006). "Trends in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 Seroprevalence in the United States". JAMA. 8 296 (8): 964–73.
[5]. RJ, Gnann JW (2002). "Viral encephalitis: familiar infections and emerging pathogens". Lancet 359 (9305): 507–13.

Abstract: Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is the most common ligamentous injury to the knee joint. Two most commonly used grafts for reconstruction are Quadruple Hamstring tendons (QHT) and Bone Patella Tendon Bone (BPTB) graft. Graft fixation techniques vary with different surgeons. Aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of reconstruction of ACL using QHT and BPTB grafts performed by single surgeon using Modified Cincinnati scoring system.

[1] Tanarat Boonriong MD, Niran Kietsiriroje MD, Arthroscopically Assisted Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Versus Hamstring Tendon Autograft, J Med Assoc Thai Vol. 87 No.9 2004, 1100.

[2] Barry B Phillips. Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Tenth edition. chapter 48.

[3] Ian S. Corry, MD, FRCS(Orth), Jonathan M. Webb, FRCS(Orth), Amanda J. Clingeleffer, and Leo A. Pinczewski, FRACS, Arthroscopic Reconstruction of theAnterior Cruciate LigamentA Comparison of Patellar Tendon Autograft and Four-Strand Hamstring Tendon Autograft. Am. J. Sports Med. 1999; 27; 444

[4] Miyasaka KC, Daniel DM, Stone ML. the incidence of knee ligament injuries in the general population. Am J LneeSurg 1991;4:3-8.

[5] Moyes FR, Bassett RW, Grood ES, Butler DL. Arthroscopy in acute traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee.Incidence of anterior cruciate tears and other injuries. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1980;62 : 687-95,757.

[6] Levy IM, Torzilli PA, Warren RF. The effect of meniscectomy on anterior-posterior motion of the knee. J bone Joint Surg(Am)1982;64 :883-8.

Abstract: Background: Ocular infections are one of the common diseases of the eye. The current trends in the etiology of ocular infections and their antibacterial susceptibility pattern must be updated to help the clinicians. Objective: To identify the aerobic bacterial profile of ocular infections in patients attending Ophthalmology OPD/IPD.

[1]. Thielen TL, Castle SS, Terry JE. Anterior Ocular Infection: an overview of pathophysilolgy and treatment. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34(2): 235-246.
[2]. Chirambo MC, Tielsch JM, West KP, Katz J. Blindness and visual impairment in Southern Malawi. BULL WHO 1986;64:567-72.
[3]. Ramesh S, Ramakrishnan R, Bharathi MJ, Amuthan M, Vishwanathan S. Prevalence of bacterial pathogens causing ocular infections in south India J Pathol Microbiol 2010; 53:281-6.
[4]. Sharma S. Ocular infections: Research in India. Indian J Med Microbilo 201; 28:91-4.
[5]. Khosravi AD, Mehdinejad M, Heidari M. bacteriological findings in patients with ocular infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated pathogens. Singapore Med J 2007; 48(8):741-3.
[6]. Duke-Elder S, Cook C. Embryology. In: Duke-Elder S. Eds. System of Ophthalmology, Vol III, Part 1. St. Louis, CV Mosby; 1963: 239-246.

Abstract: Isolated extrahepatic biliary tract injury following blunt abdominal trauma is rare. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain obscure, but include shear and/or compression forces on the biliary system. Associated morbidity rates are high and largely the result of delays in diagnosis. . The primary aim of this paper is to describe the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of two patients with left hepatic duct injury after blunt abdominal trauma.

[1]. R. W. Parks and T. Diamond, ―Non-surgical trauma to the extrahepatic biliary tract,‖ British Journal of Surgery, vol. 82, no. 10, pp. 1303–1310, 1995.
[2]. M. W. Hills, A. J. Richardson, N. Tait, S. A. Deane, and J. M. Little, ―Non-iatrogenic trauma to the extrahepatic biliary tract,‖ Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 190–194, 1993 [3]. Ivatury RR, Rohman M, Nallathambi M, Rao PM, Gunduz Y, Stahl WM. The morbidity of injuries of the extra-hepatic biliary system. J Trauma. 1985;25:967–973.
[4]. J. A. Rodriguez-Montes, E. Rojo, and L. García-Sancho Martín, ―Complications following repair of extrahepatic bile duct injuries after blunt abdominal trauma,‖ World Journal of Surgery, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1313–1316, 2001.
[5]. M. D. Bourque, N. Spigland, A. L. Bensoussan, and L. H. Garel Blanchard, ―Isolated complete transection of the common bile duct due to blunt trauma in a child, and review of the literature,‖ Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1068–1070, 1989
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Abstract: Periodontium along with its supporting tissues are damaged and destroyed by the various forms of gingival and periodontal diseases which leads to gingival recession, soft tissue defect in the esthetic region. When small volumes of tissue are being reconstructed then its possible to create esthetically satisfying and anatomically correct tissue contours, but this method is unpredictable when a large volume of tissue is missing. The unpredictability, healing time, discomfort and surgical costs make this option unpopular. The reconstruction of these areas with prosthesis like gingival veneer can be useful to correct the deformities remaining after the control of periodontal diseases, especially in the maxillary anterior region.

[1]. Mekayarajjnanoth T, Kiat-amnuay S, Sooksuntisakoonchai N, Salinas TJ, The functional and esthetic deficit replaced with an acrylic resin gingival veneer, Quintessence International, 33(2),2002,91-94.
[2]. Ellis SGS, Sharma P, Harris IR, Case report: aesthetic management of a localized periodontal defect with a gingival veneer prosthesis, European Journal of Prosthodont Restorative Dentistry,8(1),2000,23–26.
[3]. Emslie RD, A case of advanced periodontitis complex. Dental Practitioner,5,1955,432–433.
[4]. L'Estrange PR, Strahan JD, The wearing of acrylic periodontal veneers. British Dental Journal ,128,1970,193–194.
[5]. Hickey B, Jauhar S, Gingival veneers. Dental Update, 36,2009,422–428.

Abstract: Breast involvement by immunolymphoproliferative disordersis rare. Primary and secondary malignant lymphomas of the breast are much more common than multiple myeloma, of which only a few cases have been described. We report a case of a patient with an established diagnosis of multiple myeloma in whom breast involvement appeared after the completion of the treatment. We underline diagnostic difficulties caused by the lack of clinical and radiological features which allow us to differentiate

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Abstract: Background: The usefulness of the adult caudal anesthesia is worldwide acceptable in lower limb surgeries. Adult caudal anesthesia through the hiatus provides maximal hemodynamic stability with profound post-operative analgesia, although, anatomical distortion of the sacral hiatus in elderly persons handicapped this technique.

[1]. Capt STEVEN J.ZITO, CRNA, BS, USAF, NC. Adult caudal anesthesia: A reexamination of the technique . Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. 1993; 61(2): 153-7
[2]. Black MG Anatomic reasons for caudal anesthesia failure.Anesth Analg. 1949;28:33.
[3]. Paria R, Surroy S, Majumder M, Paria A, Paria B, Das G. Sacral spinal anesthesia. Indian J Anesth. 2014; 58(1) : 80-2
[4]. Paria R, Surroy S, Majumder M, Paria B, Sengupta S, Paria A. Sacral Saddle Block IOSR-JDMS 2014; 13(4) 39-40.
[5]. Paria R, Surroy S, Majumder M, Paria B, Sengupta S, Paria A. Sacral Epidural Anesthesia IOSR- JDMS 2014; 13(5) 10-11.
[6]. Tsui, B.C., Tarkkila, P., Gupta, S., Kearney, R. Confirmation of caudal needle placement by nerve stimulation. Anesthesiology 91: 374; 1999.

Abstract: The use of spinal and epidural anesthesia joint together in the subarachnoid and epidural spaces respectively offers an excellent combination of both with the dramatic reduction of their disadvantages. The beneficial effects of both blocks represent the rapid onset and prolongation of anesthesia with profound analgesia both in intra-operative and postoperative period.

[1]. Dirkes WE, Rosenberg J, Lund C, Kehlet H. The effect of subarachnoid lidocaine and combined subarachnoid lidocaine and epidural lidocaine on electrical sensory thresholds. Reg Anesth 1991; 16 :262—4.
[2]. Mcleod GA, Dell K, Smith C, Wildsmith J.A.W. Measuring the quality of epidural block for abdominal surgery. Br J Anesth 2006; 96:633-9.
[3]. Paria R, Surroy S, Majumder M, Paria A, Paria B, Das G. Sacral spinal anesthesia. Indian J Anesth. 2014; 58(1) : 80-2
[4]. Paria R, Surroy S, Majumder M, Paria B, Sengupta S, Paria A. Sacral Saddle Block IOSR-JDMS 2014; 13(4) 39-40.
[5]. Paria R, Surroy S, Majumder M, Paria B, Sengupta S, Paria A. Sacral Epidural Anesthesia IOSR-JD MS 2014; 13(5) 10-11.
[6]. Tsui, B.C., Tarkkila, P., Gupta, S., Kearney, R. Confirmation of caudal needle placement using nerve stimulation. Anesthesiology 1999. 91: 374;

Abstract: Tuberculosis [TB] usually has prolonged course and not identified before it becomes a full blown disease. TB scaphoid is very rare accounting for less than 1% of all musculo skeletal TB.Scaphoid has a precarious vascularity in which the proximal pole receives the blood supply from the distal pole through the waist of scaphoid which is the narrowest and weakest part of scaphoid; hence fracture is very commonly suspected and most commonly occurs in waist causing proximal pole prone for avascular necrosis and bone resorption. TB scaphoid has been commonly reported due to dog bite or IV canulation12 but not otherwise.

[1]. Bettinger PC, Linscheid RL, Berger RA, Cooney WP, 3rd, An KN. An anatomic study of the stabilizing ligaments of the trapezium and trapeziometacarpal joint. J Hand Surg Am 1999;24-4:786-98.
[2]. Tuberculosis of bones & joints,B. Sankaran. Ind Journal of Tuberculosis 1993, 40, 109.
[3]. Larry.K., Chronic wrist pain., Orthopaedic clinics of North America, Common Hand problems, Jan 1992, Page- 60
[4]. Eric Thorson MD., Robert M. Szabo. MD., Orthopaedic clinics of North America, Common Hand problems, Jan 1992, Page- 65
[5]. Tuberculosis by S. M. Tuli., 4th edition page 158.
[6]. Tuberculosis by S. M. Tuli., 4th edition page 11.

Abstract: There is some "grey zone" in thyroid cytology where the diagnostic efficacy declines sharply rendering it difficult to categorize the lesions resulting in discrepancy. So, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the accuracy of FNAC in diagnosis of thyroid swelling and to assess the correlation between preoperative cytological diagnosis and post operative histopathological diagnosis. It was observed that FNAC is reliable, safe and accurate method as a first line of evaluation in thyroid swelling before the surgery. FNAC is more sensitive in detecting thyroid gland malignancy and therefore histopathological analysis still remains essential for final diagnosis. Key words: Thyroid swelling, FNAC, Histopathology

[1]. Burch HB, Burman KD, Reed HI, Buckner L, Raber T, Ownbey Jl. Fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules. Determinants of insufficiency rate and malignancy yield at thyroidectomy. Acta Cytol 1996; 40: 1176-83.
[2]. Gharib H, Goellner JR. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: an appraisal. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 282-9.
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[4]. Lowhagen T, Willems J, Lundell G, Sundblad R, Granberg P. Aspiration biopsy cytology in diagnosis of thyroid cancer. World J Surg .1981; 5: 61-73.
[5]. Al-Sayer HM, Krukowski ZH, Williams VMM, Matheson NA. Fine needle aspiration cytology in isolated thyroid swellings: a prospective two year evaluation. BMJ 1985; 290: 1490-2.
[6]. Anderson JB, Webb AJ. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 292-6.
[7]. Leonard N, Melcher DH. To operate or not to operate? The value of fine needle aspiration cytology in the assessment of thyroid swellings. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50: 941-3.

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in Pakistan. The World Health Organization has recently endorsed the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay for rapid detection of smear negative and multidrug resistance tuberculosis. A total of 100 extra pulmonary samples were processed, which included 60 pus, 19 pleural fluids, 16 ascetic fluids and 5 CSF. Out of these 37% patients were Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay positive, 17% were LJ culture positive and 12 % were Zn smear positive. MTB was detected in 31 out of 60 (51.7%) Pus samples, 3 out of 19 (15.8%) Pleural fluid samples, 1 out of 16 (6.3%) Ascitic fluid samples and 2 out of 5 (40.0%) were CSF samples.

[1]. WHO global tuberculosis report Geneva. Euro surveillance 2013; 18(43): 20615.
[2]. Giri PK, Khuller GK. Is Intranasal Vaccination a Feasible Solution for Tuberculosis? Expert Rev Vaccines 7, 2008, 1341-1356.
[3]. Doris Hillemann et al, Rapid Molecular Detection of Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis by the Automated Gene Xpert MTB/RIF System. 4, 2011, 1202–1205.
[4]. Agarwal S P. and Chauhan LS. Tuberculosis control in India. Directorate General of Health Services/Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,New Delhi, India 2005.
[5]. Rie VA, Page Shipp L, Scott L, Sanne I, Stevens W. Expert Review Molecular Diagnosis 10, 2010, 937-946.

Abstract: Surgical outcome is largely dependent on the anatomy of the involved area. Gingival architecture whether thin or thick has an influence on the disease progression as well as treatment outcome. This important and yet often neglected anatomical factor needs an emphasizedduring treatment planning as they respond differently to different periodontal and restorative procedures.

Keywords: gingival biotype, treatment outcome, periodontal therapy.

[1]. C.Ochsenbein, S.Ross. A re-evaluation of osseous surgery. Dent Clin North Am. 1969;13(1):87-102.
[2]. M. Olsson, J. Lindhe, Periodontal characteristics in individuals with varying forms of upper central incisors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 18, 1991, 78–82.
[3]. JL.Seibert,J.Lindhe. Esthetics and periodontal therapy. In: Lindhe J. Textbook of Clinical Periodontology, 2nd ed. Copenhagen, Denmark: Munksgaard; 1989: 477-514.
[4]. V. Bhatt,S. Shetty. Prevalence of different gingival biotypes in individuals with varying forms of maxillary central incisors: A survey. J Dent Implant 2013;3:116-121.
[5]. J. Kan, K. Rungcharassaeng, K. Umezu, J. Kois. Dimensions of the periimplant mucosa: An evaluation of maxillary anterior single implants in humans. Journal of Periodontology 74,2003. 557–562.
[6]. R. Pontoriero, G. Carnevale. Surgical crown lengthening: A 12-month clinical wound healing study. Journal of Periodontology 72,2001, 841–848.

Abstract: The suicide rates are on a rise in the recent days. The reasons vary from place to place, prevalent social customs and traditions, degree of poverty, urbanization and, gender of the individual. All these factor in varying degree, along with the personality or temperament of the individual results in the outcome-the behaviour. With this background, this study is being undertaken to know the operative factors prevalent in children/adolescents seen at our Institute for attempting suicide.

[1]. Richard Harrington in British Medical Bulletin, 2001:57:47-60
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[3]. Ralph E, Depression in children and adolescents: Information for Parents and Educators, c 2004, Association National of School Psychologists, Bethesda. 20814-(301)657-0270.
[4]. Seeley, J., Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P., &Clarke, G. (2002). Depression in youth: Epidemiology, identification, and intervention.
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Abstract: This research was carried out to assess Diode Laser(DL)therapeutic effects on chronic periodontitis, by reducing pockets depth and minimizing Microbial Counts (MCs). Patients(Pts)under study were 50Pts, they had chronic pockets periodontitis of more than 5mm depth, were divided into 35Pts study group(SG) and 15Pts control group(CG). All Pts were subjected to scaling, SG received DL therapy, CG received same treatment but instead of DL therapy irrigation with normal saline. The operation period (10weeks) were divided into: phase1 (baseline) at 1st week, phase2 (treatment sessions) at 2nd, 4th, and 6th week, and phase3 (follow up) at 10th week. Clinical parameters evaluation and MCs were detected during the operation period. Index of Bleeding on Probing (BOP) had been improved greatly in SG as 96.9%, while CG 20.5%. Plaque Index (PI), and Pocket Depths (PD), were more reduced in SG than CG. Colony Forming Units/ml (CFUs/ml) were reduced with DL therapy which revealed (400, 320, 250, 170 and 90) and (410, 350, 300, 260 and 190) for SG and CG respectively, that were confirmed SG were significantly better than CG. DL irradiation revealed anti-microbial effect and reduction of inflammation in periodontal pockets, also, combination with scaling, supports healing of periodontal pockets through microbial eliminating.

[1]. Akoi, M., 2008. Current status of clinical laser applications in periodontal therapy, General Dentistry, PP: 674-687.
[2]. Moritz, G., 1997. Bacterial reduction in periodontal pockets through irradiation with a diode laser: a pilot study, J. Cline. Laser Med Surg., 15: 33-37.
[3]. Harris, Y., 2004. Therapeutic ratio quantifies laser antisepsis: Ablation of Porphyromon as gingivalis with dental lasers, Lasers Surg. Med., 35: 206-213.
[4]. Ciancio, C., 2006. Wound healing of periodontal pockets using the diode laser, Applications of 810nm Diode Laser Technology: A Clinical Forum,: 14-17.
[5]. Fontana, K., 2004. Microbial reduction in periodontal pockets under exposition of a medium power diode laser: an experimental study in rats, Lasers Surg. Med., 35(4):263-268.
[6]. Andreanna, A., 2004. The use of diode lasers in periodontal therapy, Dentistry Today, November, 24: 11-21.

Abstract: Preparations of the extract of Euphorbia heterophylla are used for the treatment of different infections by Nigerian traditional medicine practitioners. This work evaluated the antibacterial actions of aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla.Materials and methods: Clinical isolates of Klebsiellapneumonia, Staphyllococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were incubated in agar plates after serial dilutions (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.16 mg/ml) of the extract were added in wells made in the agar and incubated at 37°C. After 24 hours, zones of inhibition (in mm) around the wells were measured.

[1]. P.C. Unekwe, P.O. Ughachukwu, and J.O. Ogamba, Some pharmacological studies of aqueous extract of leaves of Euphorbia heterophylla. Tropical Journal of Medical Research, 10(2), 2006, 1-5.
[2]. S.O. Okeniyi, B.J. Adedoyin, and S. Garba, Phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of stem and leave extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla, Bull Environ PharmacolLife Sci, 1(8), 2012, 87-91.
[3]. A. Hassan,S. Rahman, F. Deeba, andS. Mahmud, Antimicrobial activity of some plants extracts havinghepatoprotective effects. JMPR, 3(1), 2009, 20-23.
[4]. P.O. Ughachukwu,C.C.T. Ezenyeaku, D.A. Ezeagwuna, and I.C. Anahalu, Evaluation of antibacterial properties of ethanol extract of Ficusexasperata leaf. AJB, 11(16), 2012, 3874-3876.
[5]. A.K. Dutta, P.S. Gope, S. Makhnoon, M.S. Rahman, M.A. Siddiquee, and Y. Rabir, Effect of solvent extraction on phenolic content, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition activities of Swertiachirata. Int J Drug Dev& Res, 4(4), 2012, 317-325.
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Abstract: Background: Female genital mutilation, has received growing attention from governmental, international organizations and researchers over the last decades due to its impact on women's health. Objectives: To estimate; the prevalence, some socio-demographic determinants and post-practice complication associated with FGM among secondary school girls in El-Mansoura Center, El-Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted during the year 2013. Total number of girls included in the study were 721 (369 from urban areas and 352 from the rural areas), with mean age of 16.29±1.53 years. The questionnaire was filled by the participants themselves over a period of one month (through February 2013).

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