iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2014

Abstract: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common form of anovulatory infertility.1 The aetiology of the condition is unknown, but recent evidence suggests that the principal underlying disorder is insulin resistance, with the resultant hyperinsulinaemia stimulating excess ovarian androgen production. Associated with the prevalent insulin resistance, these women exhibit a characteristic dyslipidaemia and a predisposition to non-insulin dependent diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. Thus, polycystic ovarian syndrome seems to have many of the hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome. In view of this a comparative study of lipid profile was done in primary infertile women with PCOD and primary infertile women with normal pelvic study. This study enrolled 25 PCOD women and 25 normal women of age 20 – 35 years. Pearsons correlation co efficiencies were used to compare the correlations. It showed significant raise in waist circumference, fasting blood glucose level in women with PCOD than in women with normal study (controls). This study showed significant raise in total cholesterol, triglycerides and raise in ratio of TTG/HDL-C, decrease in levels of HDL-C in PCOD women.

Key words: Hyperinsulinaemia, lipid profile, cardiovascular accidents, waist circumference, sex hormone binding globuline (androgen).

[1]. Frank S. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 853-861
[2]. Dahlgren E, Janson PO, Johansson S, Lapidus L, Oden A. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk for myocardial infarction: evaluated from a risk factor model based on a prospective study of women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992; 71: 599-604.
[3]. Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovarian syndrome: mechanisms and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 1997;18: 774-800.
[4]. Nestler JE. Insulin regulation of human ovarian androgens. Hum Reprod 1997; 12(suppl): 52-62.
[5]. Bergh C, Carlsson B, Olsson JH, Selleskog U, Hillensjo T. Regulation of androgen production in cultured human thecal cells by IGF-1 and insulin.Fertil Steril 1993; 59: 323-331
[6]. Cataldo NA. Insulin like growth factor binding proteins: do they play a role in polycystic ovary syndrome? Endocrinology 1997;15: 123-136.

Abstract: Background: This prospective observational study was conducted to make a comparative evaluation of thyroid status in children suffering from nephrotic syndrome before and after remission.It was carried over from June 2012 to December 2013 at Department of Paediatrics, Pt. B D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. Objective: To find out the thyroid function of nephrotic children during nephrosis and remission and to know whether thyroid supplementation is required or not in children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods: The present study was carried out on 35 children of age between 1-8 years of nephrotic syndrome coming to the hospital.Thyroid profile was done during relapse and remission. Results: Serum T3 and T4 level during nephrosis and during remission were within normal limits. But TSH level is significantly higher during nephrosis which normalizes during remission 6 weeks later (8.93±3.15 vs. 5.77±0.65 MIU/L, p=0.002). Thyroxine supplementation is not required as it results in subclinical hypothyroidism..The study showed a negative correlation between serum albumin and serum TSH (r= -0.480, p=<0.05).Conclusions:This study concluded nephrotic syndrome commonly have a state of subclinical hypothyroidism during proteinuria although they are clinically euthyroid which improves with remission and needs no treatment.

Keywords: hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, T3,T4,TSH.

[1] Kaptein EM .Thyroid function in renal failure.Contributions to Nephrology ,50,1986,64-72.

[2] Campbell, A.G. and McIntosh N ,Endocrine gland disorders in Klenar CJ, Forfar and Arneil's text book of pediatrics:. 4th ed.London New York and Tokyo: Campbell, A.G. and McIntosh N; 1992.

[3] Katz AI & Lindheimer MD. Actions of hormones on the kidney.Annual Review of Physiology 1977; 39: 97–133.

[4] Katz AI, Emmanouel DS & Lindheimer MD. Thyroid hormone and the kidney. Nephron 1975; 15: 223–249.

[5] Schussler GC. The thyroxine-binding proteins. Thyroid. 2000;10: 141–9.

[6] Kaysen GA. Non-renal complications of the nephrotic syndrome. Annu Rev Med. 1994;45:201–10.

Abstract: Urachal sinus is rare congenital urachal anomaly in adults develops from incomplete obliteration of fetal urachus. Usually incidental finding and remain asymptomatic unless a complication occurs. Complications includes infection, abscess, calculus, gas formation, intraperitoneal rupture, peritonitis and malignant transformation. High index of clinical suspicion is required when patient presents with pain abdomen, infraumbilical mass or umbilical discharge. Infected urachal sinus remains a diagnostic challenge due to its rare incidence and variable clinical presentations. We report a case in 37 year old female patient of infected urachal sinus presenting as infraumbilical mass, umbilical discharge and local tenderness. Two months back presented with fever, lower abdominal pain of unknown origin. Clinical suspicion of abdominal wall abscess or omphalitis were made. In our case ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed this rare entity. Brief discussion were made on clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, radiological findings and management options in order to prevent further complications, recurrence and malignant transformation.

Keywords: Abscess, Urachus, Urachus sinus, Umbilical discharge

[1]. Hsu C-C, Liu Y-P, Lien W-C, Lai T-I, Chen W-J, Wang H-P: Urachal abscess: a cause of adult abdominal pain that cannot be ignored. Am J Emerg Med 2005. 23:229–230.
[2]. Moore KL. The urogenital system. In: Moore KL, Ed. The developing human. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1982; 255–297.
[3]. N. K. Mahato, M. M. Mittal, R. Aggarwal, K. M. Munjal. "Encysted urachal abscess associated with a premalignant lesion in an adult male". Uro Today International Journal 2010. vol. 3, no. 5.
[4]. H. G. O. Mesrobian, A. Zacharias, A. H. Balcom, R.D. Cohen, "Ten years of experience with isolated urachal anomalies in children". Journal of Urology 1997. vol. 158, no. 3, pp.1316–1318.
[5]. Friedland GW, Devries PA, Matilde NM, Cohen R, Rifkin MD. Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract. In: Pollack HM, ed. Clinical urography. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1990; 559–787.
[6]. C. E. Kingsley and J. P. Nigel, "Infected urachal cyst in an adult: a case report and review of the literature," Cases Journal 2009: vol. 2, no. 6, Article ID 6422.

Abstract: Calcaneum is the largest and longest tarsal bone in the foot. It forms talocalcaneal joint with talus .the joint maintains eversion and inversion of foot and named as subtalar joint. In superior aspect of calcaneum three important facets are anterior, middle and posterior. The individual and racial differences of the anatomic construction of calcaneal articular facets play key role in static and kinetic dymamics of foot. Therefore, this study is important for science of anatomy to understand variations in facets, treatment, diagnostic and surgical procedure.

Key words: calcaneum, articular facets, interfacetal distance, calcaneal length,facetal pattern

[1]. Uygur M, Atamaz F, Celik S, Pinar Y, The types of talar articular facets and morphometric measurements of the calcaneus bone on Turkish race. Arch orthop trauma surg; 2009; 129:909-914
[2]. C ampos FF, Pellico LG. Talar articular facets (Facies articulares talares) in human calcanei. Acta Anat; 1989; 134:124–127.
[3]. Brekke MK, Lieberman R, Wright E, Green DR. Posterior facet talocalcaneal coalition. J Am PodiatrMed Assoc; 2001; 91(8):422–426.
[4]. R. Garg, S. Babuta, K. Mogra, R. Parashar, S. Shekhawat. Study of Variations in Pattern of Calcaneal Articular Facets in Human Tali in the Population of Rajasthan (India) People's Journal of Scientific ResearchVol. 6(2), July 2013
[5]. Kaur M, Kalsey G, Laxmi V: Morphological classification of tali on the basis of calcanean articular facets. PB Journal of Orthopedics; 2011; 12(1):57-60.

Abstract: Fluoride problem in groundwater has drawn attention of all sections of society in recent years. India is among 23 nations around the globe facing fluoride problem. An estimated 62 million people in India in 17 states are affected with dental, skeletal and /or non-skeletal fluorosis. The extent of fluoride contamination of water varies from 1.00 to 48.0 ppm.

Key words: Groundwater, fluoride, human health etc.

[1]. Blanford, W.T., 1876. On the physical geology of the Great Rajasthan Desert, J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 45 : 86-103.
[2]. Campbell, M.D. and Lehr, J.H. (1973). Water Well technology National Water Well Association, pp. 681.
[3]. CGWB (1982). A manual on Evaluation of Aquifer Parameters. Govt. of India, Central Ground Water Board, New Delhi.
[4]. Chauhan, D.S., Dubey, J.C. and Ram, B., 1991. Geological analysis of part of Nagaur basni in the vicinity of Jodhpur city. In: S.K. Tandon, C.C. Pant and S.M. Casshyap, (eds.) Sedimentary Basnis of India : Tectonic Context, Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, Pp. 64-73.
[5]. Chauhan, D.S., 1996. the pattern and processes of sedimentation in the Lower Palaeozoic Marwar Basin : A Geological Synthesis. (Abstract), National Seminar on Geological Evolution of western Rajasthan, Jodhpur

Abstract: We report a case report of 34 year old male who came with complaint of halitosis and loose tooth. Examination revealed poor oral hygiene with sub gingival calculus. Diagnosis of chronic generalized gingivitis with localized periodontitis was made. A strict oral hygiene protocol was developed for maintaining oral hygiene status and oil pulling therapy was started as an integral part of the therapy. We found a significant improvement in mobility of tooth due to bone regeneration and improved halitosis scores. From this case report, it is evident that oil pulling therapy as an adjunct to oral hygiene protocolis efficient in treating periodontal diseases in future.

Key words: Halitosis,Oil pulling therapy, Periodontitis,

[1]. The health benefits of oil pulling. Available from: http://www.in5d.com/oil-pulling.html[Last accessed on 2013 Feb 28].
[2]. Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oil-pulling. [accessedon 2013,july 20].
[3]. Is oil pulling really good for you? Available from: http://www thebeautybrains.com/2012/10/20/is-oil-pulling-really-good-foryou.[Last accessed on 2012 Oct 20].
[4]. Avalablefrom http://www.oilpulling.com [accessed on 2013,july 20].
[5]. Robertson PB, Armitage GA, Buchanan SA, Targgat EV. The design of trials to test the efficacy of plaque control agents for periodontal diseases in humans. J Dent Res 1989;68:1667-71.
[6]. Stoltze K, Bay L. Comparison of a manual and a new electric toothbrush for controlling plaque and gingivitis. J ClinPeriodontol 1994;21:86-90.

Abstract: Background: A sound mind in a sound body has been recognized as a social idea for many centuries. Out of different types of mental health problems depression and anxiety disorders are most common. Aims and objectives: To assess the socio-demographic and clinical profile of depression and anxiety disorder patients attending psychiatry OPD of Calcutta National Medical College. Methodology: An observational, descriptive study was carried out on the patients attending psychiatry OPD of Calcutta National Medical College from May 2012 to July 2012, suffering from depression and anxiety disorders. Data were collected by interviewing all the patients using a predesigned, pretested schedule after getting informed consent from them, excluding those who were unwilling. Result: The mean age with standard deviation of depression and anxiety patients were 38.3±13.2years and 34.7±18.2years respectively. Majority of the study subjects were either illiterate or just literate, belonging to socioeconomic class IV, V or VI, engaged in occupation like unskilled worker, businessman or housewife. Among depression patients females were more than male where as in anxiety disorders males were more than female. In majority of the patients, onset was insidious and duration of illness was less than 5 years, with one third of patients having positive family history. Somatic symptoms were present in a large number of patients.

Key words: Depression, Anxiety disorders, Socio-demographic profile.

[1]. Mental Health: Strengthening Our Response. World Health Organization.
[2]. Kitchener BA & Jorm AF.2002.Mental Health First aid Manual. Centre for Mental Health Research. Canberra.p5
[3]. Reddy MV, Chandrasekhar CR. Prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders in India: a meta analysis. Indian J Psychiatry1998.40:149-57.
[4]. Trivedi J.K, Gupta P.K. An Overview of Indian Research in Anxiety Disorders. Indian J. Psychiatry.2010. January.52(Suppl1):S210-S218.
[5]. K Park. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine.2009.p736

Abstract: Aim & Objectives: To correlate the Histological adaptive changes in adrenal gland in response to chronic stress since it is a stress responding organ common to both the HPA axis & Sympathoadrenomedullary axis . Material & Methods: Duration of study – Two yrs Place of study: Dept. of Anatomy, FMT, Pathology of MKCG MC , Berhampur & SCB MC, Cuttack . Material for study – Right and Left adrenal . No. of Suicidal cases -Hundred No. of Accidental cases (control)-Twenty . Results: On Histological study it was found that the cells in Zona Glomerulosa showed increased nuclear density. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Zona Fasciculata with intracytoplasmic lipid depletion varying from mild to extensive giving rise to parenchymal cord-like arrangement of cells .Sinusoidal prominence in all the three zones including medulla.A normal pattern of Adrenal gland is informative of receipt of sudden violence i.e accident. Conclusion: The present study concludes and supports the idea that chronic stress as in suicide usually induces adrenal growth which may have implications for forensic people in revealing the cause of unknown deaths.

Key words: HPA axis , Stress , Suicide , Sympathoadrenomedullary axis .

[1]. Baccaro, R. B; Mendnca, P. O.; Torres, T. E. &Lotfi, C. F. Immunohistochemical Jun/Fos protein localization and DNA synthesis in rat adrenal cortex after treatment with ACTH or FGF2. Cell Tissue Res., 328( vol 1 ) 7-18, 2007.
[2]. Bernet, F,; Dedieu, J. F,; Laborie, C.; Montel, V. &Dupouy, J. P. Circulating Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and catecholamines in rat under resting and stress conditions. Arguments for extra- adrenal origin of NPY, adrenal & extra- adrenal sources of catecholamines. Neurosci. Lett., 250 (1); 45-8, 1998.
[3]. Bicknell AB, Lomthaisong K, Woods RJ, ET AL, Characterization of a serine protease that cleaves pro-gamma-melanotropin at the adrenal to stimulate growth. Cell. 2001; 105:903-912.
[4]. Bland, M. L.; Desclozeaux, M. & Ingraham, H. A. Tissue growth and remodeling of the embryonic and adult adrenal gland. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 995:59-72, 2003.
[5]. Collins, M. K.; Perkins, G. R,; Rodriguez –Tarduchy, G,; Nieto, M. A. & Lopez –Rivas, A. Growth factors as survival factors : regulation of apoptosis. Bioessays, 16(2) : 133-38, 1994

Abstract: Pregnancy is a special state where major physiological and hormonal changes occur. Temporary adaptive changes occur in the body in general as well in oral cavity as the result of increased production of estrogen, progesterone and relaxin. Thus the present study is designed to assess the prevalence of number, type and site of oral mucosal lesion in pregnant women and their association with trimester and parity of pregnancy.

Keywords: oral mucosa, prevalence, pregnancy, physiologic, parity .

[1]. Sarifakioglu E, Gundus C et. al. Oral mucosa manifestations in 100 pregnant versus non-pregnant patients: an epidemiological observational study. European Journal of dermatology, vol.16, No.6, 674-4 Nov- Dec 2006.
[2]. Zain RB , Razak IA et al Training examiners for a national epidemiological survey of oral mucosa lesions.Int Dent J 1996; 46: 536-42.
[3]. Hemalatha VT, Manigandan J et al , Dental considerations in pregnancy – a critical review on the oral care. J clin diagn res 2013 may; 7(5): 948-953.
[4]. Diaz- Guzman LM et al . Lesions of the oral mucosa and disease behaviour in pregnant patients. Med oral pathol oral cir bucal 2004;9:430-7.
[5]. Laine MA et. al. Effects of pregnancy on dental health. Acta odontol scand 2002; 60: 257-64.

Abstract: To compare electrocautery and ligation as method for haemostasis by comparing incidence of reactionary haemorrhage following tonsillectomy. Study design: Prospective study. Source of data: Data for this study was collected from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Venkateshwara ENT Institute & Bowring Hospital, BMC & RI, Bangalore Sample size: The study included 100 patients, 50 each for electrocautery & ligation. Methods: 100 patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria undergoing tonsillectomy; 50 each for ligation and electrocautery, who gave informed consent, were included in the study. Patients were followed for 24 hours. Method of haemostasis, incidence of haemorrhage with intervention documented. Results: 2 patients in each group had reactionary haemorrhage. Conclusion: Incidence of reactionary haemorrhage was same using electrocautery & ligation as method of haemostasis.

Keywords: Tonsillectomy, Reactionary haemorrhage, Post operative pain

[1]. McNeill R.A. (1960). A history of Tonsillectomy: Two Millennia of Trauma, Haemorrhage and controversy. Ulster Med. J. 29, 59–63.
[2]. Moonka P.K. (2002) Ligation vs. Bipolar diathermy for haemostasis in tonsillectomy – A Comparative study. Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 54, 35-38.
[3]. Khan A.R., Khan A., Ali F. et al. (2007) Comparison between silk ligation and bipolar cautery in tonsillectomy. Gomal J. Med. Sci. 5,13-16.
[4]. Ayub Z., Ahmed B. (2009) Monopolar diathermy as compared to silk ligature for per operative haemorrhage control during tonsillectomy. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 1-4
[5]. Sharma K., Kumar D. (2011) "Ligation versus Bipolar Diathermy for Haemostasis in Tonsillectomy": A Comparative Study; Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 63, 15–1

Abstract: Aim: Evaluation of anticariogenic efficacy of Piper betle by analysing its ability to resist the change in pH of human saliva containing sucrose(10%), Sodium fluoride(.05%) and distilled water serving as positive and negative control respectively. Method: The hydro-alcoholic extract of Piper betle was prepared using simple maceration and its MIC and MBC against Streptococcus mutans (MTCC-497) was determined. The saliva from healthy human subjects (n= 30) were collected. After adjusting the pH, 1ml of saliva was taken in each of the test tubes marked P.B (Piper betle group), D (distilled water group) and NaF (sodium fluoride group). 10% sucrose solution(1cc) was added to the saliva in each of these test tubes. 1ml of Piper betle (5%), distilled water and NaF(.05%) were added to test tubes of their respective group. Further the pH of saliva in each group was noted with respect to time (0m, 15m, 30m, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h). The pH of normal saliva (pH adjusted) was also noted at 0, 2, 4, and 6h. Data obtained was statistically analysed using SPSS ver10. Result: P betle extract was effective in resisting salivary pH change and was comparable to that of 0.05% sodium fluoride when assessed using salivary pH model.

Keywords: Anticaries agent, Betel pepper, Fluoride, Maceration, Streptococcus mutans, SalivarypH.

[1]. Kumar N, Misra P, Dube A, Bhattacharya S, Dikshit M, Ranade S. Piper betle Linn . a maligned Pan-Asiatic plant with an array of pharmacological activities and prospects for drug discovery. Curr Sci. 2010;99(7):922–33.
[2]. Ahuja SC, Ahuja U. Betel Leaf and Betel Nut in India : History and Uses. Asian Agri-Hist. 2011;15(1):13–35.
[3]. Guha P. Betel leaf: the neglected green gold of India. J Hum Ecol. 19(2):87–93.
[4]. Saeed SA, Farnaz S, Simjee RU, Malik A. Triterpenes and B-sitosterol from piper betle: isolation, antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects. BiochemSoc Trans. 1993;21(4):462S.
[5]. Rathee JS, Patro BS, Mula S, Gamre S, Chattopadhyay S. Antioxidant activity of piper betel leaf extract and its constituents. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(24):9046–54.

Abstract: Tobacco use and the subsequent health problems are of major concern today. Tobacco consumption has been identified as the single most preventable cause of death and disease in India. Different studies have proved that tobacco dependency and lack of awareness about harmful effects of tobacco are the major obstacle in the process of quitting the habit. The present study is an attempt to explore the tobacco dependence status and level of awareness among tobacco users in Jodhpur city. A cross sectional study was conducted amongst the general population who participated in various health checkup camps held in different localities of Jodhpur city. The study comprised of 500 subjects. Willingness to quit and awareness level of tobacco use revealed poor response among the subjects. There is an urgent need to take effective steps, especially in launching community awareness and providing clinical and psychological support to overcome tobacco dependence.

Keywords: Public health, dependence, awareness, hazards, quit, tobacco.

[1] Prakash C. Gupta: The Public Health Impact of Tobacco, Special Section: Cancer, Current Science, Vol. 81, No. 5, 10 September 2001
[2] Murray, C. J. L. and Lopez, A. D., Lancet, 1997, 349, 1498–1504
[3] Prakash C. Gupta and Samira Asma: Bidi Smoking and Public Health ,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, March 208
[4] A S M Abdullah, C G Husten : Promotion of smoking cessation in developing countries: a framework for urgent public health interventions, Thorax 2004;59:623630 doi:10.1136/thx.2003.018820
[5] World Health Organization: WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003 [6] US Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing tobacco use: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2000

Abstract: Free radicals have been defined as any species capable of independent existence that contain one or more unpaired electrons. (Halliwell B, 1991) Free radicals are a family of highly reactive and diverse species capable of extracting electrons and thereby oxidizing a variety of biomolecules vital to cell and tissue function, which not only includes oxygen free radicals, but also nitrogen and chlorine species Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompasses other reactive species which are not true radicals but are nevertheless capable of radical formation in the intra- and extracellular environments. Antioxidants are defined as those substances which when present at low concentrations, compared to those of an oxidizable substrate, will significantly delay or inhibit oxidation of that substrate. (Halliwell B, 1989) Oxidative stress is defined as a disturbance in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in favour of the former, leading to potential damage. (Sies H, 1991)

[1]. Chapple ILC, M atthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontology 2000. 2007; 43 (1):160-232.
[2]. BattinoM, Bullon P, Wilson M , Newman H. Oxidative injury and inflammatory periodontal diseases: the challenge of anti-oxidants to free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine. 1999; 10(4):458-76.
[3]. Waddington R, Moseley R, Embery G. Periodontal Disease Mechanisms: Reactive oxygen species: a potential role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Oral Diseases. 2000;6(3):138-51.
[4]. Tsai C, Chen H, Chen S, Ho Y, Ho K, Wu Y, et al. Lipid peroxidation: a possible role in the induction and progression of chronic periodontitis. Journal of Periodontal Research. 2005;40(5):378-84.
[5]. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Periodontics: A Review: Alok Sharma, Swati Sharma.International Journal of Dental Clinics volume 3, issue 2, 2011.

Abstract: The study reviews surgical outcomes of 45 temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis patients that were treated in the maxillofacial and oral surgery unit of the University of the Western Cape, in South Africa.The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of our protocol and to compare the outcomes unilateral and bilateral TMJ ankylosiscases. In this study the outcomes of TMJ ankylosiswere evaluated by using the following three parameters; preoperative maximal interincisal opening (preop MIO), intraoperative maximal interincisal opening (OP MIO) and the outcome Maximal interincisal opening (outcome MIO). The patient progress since surgery is calculated by subtracting Op MIO from the outcome MIO, and parameter is called postoperative change (Pop MIO). While the overall change is measured by subtracting preop MIO from the outcome MIO, and variable is called Overall change in MIO (OC MIO). The study showed that surgical release of TMJ ankylosis improved mouth opening by a mean OC MIO of 18.5mm. The study also showed that there was no difference in outcomes between unilateral and bilateral cases. Gap arthroplasty showed better outcomes than reconstruction with costochondral graft.

Keywords: Ankylosis, gap arthroplasty, maximum interincisal opening (MIO), temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

[1]. Nitzan D.W.; Bar-Ziv B; Shteyer A. Surgical management of temporomandibular joint Ankylosis Type III by relating the displaced condyle and disc.J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg 1998;56: 1133-1138
[2]. Elgazzar RF; AbdelhadyAI, Saad KA, Elshaal MA, Hussain MM, AbdelalSE, Sadakah AA. Treatment modalities of TMJ ankylosis: experience in Delta Nile, EgyptInt. J Oral Maxillofac.Surg2010;39:333 – 342
[3]. DandaAK,Ramkumar S and Chinnaswami.
Comparison of Gap Arthroplasty With and without a temporalis Muscle Flap for the Treatment of AnkylosisJ Oral MaxillofacSurg 2009; 67:1425-1431
[4]. El-MoftyS.Surgical treatment of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint.J. Oral Surg 1974; 32:202-206
[5]. Dingman R.O. Ankylosis of Temporomandibular Joint.Am. J. Orthod. Oral Surg 1946;

Abstract: Background: Obesity is an emerging public health problem, associated with an increased risk of serious medical illnesses including hypertension. Behavioral therapy alone has limited role in providing significant and sustained weight loss. If Orlistat, an anti-obesity drug is adequate enough to cause significant decrease in blood pressure, the cost and potential adverse affects of lifelong drug therapy can be avoided. Objectives: To determine the effect of Orlistat on blood pressure in overweight/obese hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: A prospective randomized, open double-blinded study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with body mass index > 23 with essential hypertension with diastolic blood pressure between 90 to 100 mmHg, who were not on any antihypertensive treatment were selected for this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups - group I which received Orlistat and group II which received placebo only along with similar hypo-caloric diet in both groups. The patients were serially followed for up to 3 months for change in blood pressure, weight, lipid profile, blood sugar and waist hip ratio. Results: We observed significant reduction in blood pressure, weight, blood sugar, lipid profile and waist hip ratio in group I as compared to group II. Conclusion: We conclude that, Orlistat in combination with diet restriction significantly improve blood pressure in obese hypertensive patients as compared to placebo.

Keywords: Obesity, hypertension, anti-obesity drugs

[1]. World health organization, Obesty and overweight, Factsheet no.-311,September 2006

[2]. S MacMahon,., J Cutler, E Brittain,, M Higgins, Obesity and hypertension: epidemiological and clinical issues, European Heart Journal, 8(Suppl b), 1987,57–70

[3]. W B Kannel, Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor. prevention and treatment, Journal of the American Medical Association ,275,1996 ,1571–1576.
[4]. H B Hubert, M Feinleib , P M McNamara et.al. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study, Circulation 67, 1983, 969–977.
[5]. A R Dyer,, P Elliot,, The INTERSALT study: relations of body mass index to blood pressure, Journal of Human Hypertension,3,1989,299–308.

Abstract: The term hyperbilirubinemia describes an excess of bilirubin in the blood. This becomes clinically apparent as jaundice, a yellow colouration of the skin and whites of the eyes, which occurs in newborns at serum bilirubin levels > 5 mg/dL. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) occurs in more than 60 % of late preterm and term newborns, peaking at 3-5 days of life and usually resolving by 2 weeks of age(1 ).While hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin > 1.0 mg/dl) occurs in nearly all infants, significant hyperbilirubinemia(TSB > 12.9 mg/dL) and excessive hyperbilirubinemia(TSB values above the 95th percentile for age in hours) occurs in only 5% to 6% of the healthy newborn population(2–6). Severe jaundice ( Hyperbilirubinemia) can result in kernicterus(Bilirubin Encephalopathy) causing irreversible brain damage to the patient. Risk factors recognized to be associated with severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns include jaundice in the first 24 hours of life , jaundice noted before discharge from hospital, a sibling who had jaundice treated with phototherapy, near-term gestational age of 35-36 weeks , Asian race and the presence of infant bruising or cephalhaematoma (7-9). Estimates in developed countries range from about 0.4 to 2 per 100 000(10-16). Infants who are sick or preterm, are at risk of developing kernicterus at lower TSB concentrations compared to the term neonate (17).

[1]. Cabra MA, Whitfield JM. The challenge of preventing neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy: a new nursing protocol in the well newborn nursery. Proceedings (Bayl Univ Med Cent ) 2005; 18: 217-219.
[2]. Cashore WJ. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. N Y State Med. 1991; 91: 476-477.
[3]. Davidson LT, Merritt KK, Weech AA. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. Am J Dis Child. 1941; 61 :958-980.
[4]. Gartner LM. Management of jaundice in the well baby. Pediatrics. 1992; 89:826-828.
[5]. Gourley GR. Bilirubin metabolism and kernicterus. Adv Pediatr. 1997; 44: 173-229.
[6]. Bhutani VK, Johnson L, Sivieri EM. Predictive ability of a predischarge hour- specific bilirubin for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and near-term newborns. Pediatrics. 1999; 103: 6-14.

Abstract: Diversity is a powerful technique to mitigate fading, hence multiple antenna diversity which includes; multiple devices, spatial diversity, cooperative diversity which uses multiple-element transmitter arrays enhance performance greatly in modern wireless communication networks. Appropriate combining at the receiver realizes diversity gain. major interest in this write up is the MIMO {Multiple-input and Multiple-output} antenna method, it is one of the best forms of smart antenna technology and Dynamic control processes for reducing fading over channels by multiple antenna diversity techniques

Keywords: Antenna Arrays, Fading channels, Diversity techniques, Transmission, Fading channel Feedback communication, Wireless communication, Channel coding

[1]. A Sendonan, E. Erkip and B. Hahang. User Cooperation diversity techniques Part 1, System description. IEEE Trans. Commun, Vol 51 pp. 1927-1938, Nov 2003

[2]. J. Moon and Y. Kim. "Antenna Diversity strength Wireless LANs". Communication systems Design, Pp. 15-22, Jan 2003

[3]. Carl Dietrich, Jr. "Adaptive Arrays and Diversity Antenna Configurations for Handheld Wireless Communication Terminals". Feb 15 2000

[4]. G.J Foschin "layered space time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antenna Bell labs Tech J. Vol. 1 and 2, pp., 41-59 autumns 1996.

[5] A. Naguib, N. Sesshadri, and A. R. Calderbank "Increasing data rate over wireless channels" IEEE signal processing Mag. Pp. 76-92 May 2000

Abstract: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) can be defined as a benign mixed tumor composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells arranged with wide cytomorphologic and architectural diversity and morphological patterns, demarcated from surrounding tissues by fibrous capsule. PA is one of the salivary gland tumors affecting both major and minor salivary glands. Parotid gland is the most commonly affected of the major group, and palate is the most common site of the minor salivary glands affected. The tumor has 3 components: an epithelial cell component; a myoepithelial cell component; and a mesenchymal component. The identification of these 3 components, which may vary quantitatively from one tumor to another, is essential to the recognition of pleomorphic adenoma. The tumor is also known as a benign mixed tumor. When these lesions affects the minor salivary glands on palate and if there is any involvement of the surrounding structures like maxillary antrum and nasal floor, then pre-operative imaging of these lesions is mandatory by 3-dimensional imaging modalities like CT or CBCT to evaluate the exact depth and the dimensions of the lesion. Following case of pleomorphic adenoma of palatal salivary glands which was evaluated with CT as well as CBCT pre-operatively.

[1]. Fabio Augusto Ito, Jacks Jorge, Pablo Agustín Vargas, Márcio Ajudarte Lopes. Histopathological findings of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Feb 1; 14 (2): 57-61.
[2]. Van der Wal JE, Leverstein H, Snow GB, Kraaijenhagen HA, Van der Waal I. Parotid gland tumors: histologic reevaluation and reclassification of 478 cases. Head Neck. 1998;20:204-7.
[3]. Eveson JW, Cawson RA. Salivary gland tumours. A review of 2410 cases with particular reference to histological types, site, age and sex distribution. J Pathol. 1985;146:51-8.
[4]. Spiro RH. Salivary neoplasms: overview of a 35-year experience with 2,807 patients. Head Neck Surg. 1986;8:177-84.
[5]. Ito FA, Ito K, Vargas PA, De Almeida OP, Lopes MA. Salivary gland tumors in a Brazilian population: a retrospective study of 496 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34:533-6