iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2014

Abstract: Introduction: Hyperglycemia in Diabetes Mellitus is known to have its effect on almost all body system through alterations in structural and biochemical changes in tissues.From this study it is hypothesized that alteration in calcium flux may adversely affect the insulin secretion as it is a calcium dependent process. Aim And Objectives: This study was done to estimate the serum calcium levels in type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Objectives: 1.Estimation of blood glucose levels in all subjects. 2.Estimation of serum calcium levels in diabetes and non-diabetes. 3.Compare the serum calcium levels in diabetes and non-diabetes. Materials and methods: Case control study. Study Design: Diabetes subjects (cases) n=50 Age and sex matched non diabetes (controls) n=50 Plasma glucose levels was estimated by GOD-POD method.Serum calcium level was estimated by calcium Arsenazo method for all subjects at central lab of SBMCH,Chennai. Results And Conclusion: Results were analyzed using anova single factor.f statistical was greater than f critical value. A negative correlation was observed between serum calcium levels and plasma blood glucose levels. Also the p value was found to be less than 0.05 which confirmed that correlation was statistically significant.

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus,Hyperglycemia,Hypocalcemia,Plasma glucose,Serum calcium,

[1]. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, Dietz WH, Vinicor F, Bales VS, MarksJS 2003 Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors,2001. JAMA 289:76–79
[2]. HuFB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Liu S, Solomon CG, WillettWC2001 Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N EnglJ Med 345:790–797
[3]. Benjamin SM, Valdez R, Geiss LS, Rolka DB, Narayan KM 2003 Estimatednumber of adults with prediabetes in the US in 2000: opportunities forprevention. Diabetes Care 26:645–649
[4]. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B 2006 Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitaminD for multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 84:18–28
[5]. Holick MF 2006 High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implicationsfor health. Mayo Clin Proc 81:353–373

Abstract: For thousands of years, pain relief could be secured only at the expense of central nervous system depression as with the use of mandragora, wine and opium ancient china, mandragora and poppy in ancient Egypt, Rome and Greece ,and atropine, opium, cocaine and hallucinogens by the Incas and ancient Peruvians. Subarachnoid block is defined as the temporary interruption of transmission of nerve impulses produced by the injection of local anaesthetic agents in to subarachnoid space subarachnoid block is one of oldest forms of regional block and is still a very commonly used one in our country. When given to properly selected patients subarachnoid block gives a clear advantage which is difficult to duplicate with general anaesthesia for surgical procedures below the level of the umbilicus. Advantages- Easy, Cheap, Highly reliable, Rapidity of onset, Safe

[1]. Axelsson KH, Edström HH, WidmanGB:Spinalanaesthesia with glucose-free 0.5% bupivacaine: effects of different volumes.Br J Anaesth 1984 Mar;56(3):271-8
[2]. Alexandre Faust, Roxane Fournier, Elisabeth Van Gessel, Pierre Hoffmeyer, and ZdravkoGamulin: Isobaric vs Hypobaric Spinal Bupivacaine for total hip arthroplasty in the lateral position.AnesthAnalg 2003;97:589 –94
[3]. C. O.Ogun, E. N. Kirgiz, A. Duman,S.Okesli and C. Akyurek: Comparison of intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine±morphine and ropivacaine±morphine for Caesarean delivery. British Journal of Anaesthesia2003; 90 (5): 659-64
[4]. Sergio D.Belzarena,MD: Clinical effects of intrathecally administered fentanyl in patients undergoing caeserean section. Anesthesia Analgesia 1993;74:653-7
[5]. H.Singh, J Cue, G.Gaines, A.H.Geisecke: Effect of intrathecal fentanyl on onset and duration of hyperbaric subarachnoid block. Anesthesia Analgesia 1994:78;400

Abstract: The Coronoid process is the anterior bony projected part of ramus of mandible giving attachment to two important muscles of mastication. The aim of our study was to observe the gender wise and age wise variation in the shape of coronoid process. The material for this study comprised of 92 (184 sides) dry human mandibles from the osteology bank of Anatomy Department , S.C.B Medical College ,Cuttack . The age and sex differentiating criteria were detailed in materials and methods.Three variants of coronoid process were evident with triangular being the highest 46.73%, rounded 35.3% and hook 17.93%. The incidence of triangular coronoid process predominates in adults and old age of either sex. Rounded was the highest in young and second highest in adult and old of either sex. The hook shaped coronoid process was more in males and older age but absent in younger age group. This comparative study will be beneficial for the Anthropologists, Forensic scientists and Reconstructive surgeons. As far as our knowledge goes this is the frontier study in the Eastern Indian Population.

Keywords: Mandible, Coronoid process, Triangular, Rounded, Hook

[1] Isaac, B.; Holla S.J. Variations in the Shape of the Coronoid Processin the Adult Human Mandible.Journal Anat. Soc India.2001;50(2):137-139.

[2] Vipul P Prajapati.,OjaswiniMalukar,S K Nagar. Variations in themorphological appearance of the coronoid process of humanmandible. National Journal of Medical Research. 2011;1(2).

[3] TanveerAhamed Khan H. S., J.H. Sharieff. Observation onMorphological Features of Human Mandibles in 200 South IndianSubjects. Anatomica Karnataka. 2011;5(1):44-49.

[4] Schafer E. A. and Thane G. D. : Quain‟s Elements ofAnatomy. In : The bones of the head. 10th Edn; (Longmans,green & Co. London pp. 60 ,1890)

[5] Hernandez-Alfaro F, Escuder O, Marco V. Joint formation between an osteochondroma of the coronoid process and the zygomatic arch (Jacob disease): report of case and review of literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58:227–232.

Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor for OA. Adipose tissue, which is abundant in individuals with obesity, is an active endocrine organ that secretes cytokines and other molecules, including adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorders. The disease is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage matrix. MMP-9 and MMP-13 are biomarkers in matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Until now there is still no therapy to stop the progression of osteoarthritis. Recent studies suggest that activation of PPAR-γ is an interesting target for the disease. PPAR-γ is a transcription factor that is also expressed in chondrocytes. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of leptin and adiponectin on MMP-9 and MMP-13 secretion and PPAR-γ expression by chondrocytes. This study used chondrocyte cell line induced with IL-1β then exposed to leptin and adiponectin. MMP-9 and MMP-13 were measured using ELISA meanwhile PPAR-γ expression was measured by real time PCR. Leptin and adiponectin exposure increased MMP-9 and MMP-13 significantly, and in contrast they are also increased PPAR-γ expression in all groups. This results show that leptin and adiponectin have a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by increasing catabolic response of chondrocyte, but the mechanism of increased PPAR-γ expression still needs further research. The regulation of PPAR-γ by adipokines seems complex in that it varied in relation to dose in vivo, and may be impacted by in vitro vs. in vivo circumstances.

Keywords: adiponectin, leptin, MMP-9, MMP-13, PPAR-γ

[1]. H. Fahmi, J. Martel-Pelletier, JP. Pelletier, and M. Kapoor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in osteoarthritis, Mod Rheumatol, 21, 2011, 1–9
[2]. T. Aigner, S. Soeder, and J. Haag, IL-1beta and BMPs--interactive players of cartilage matrix degradation and regeneration, Eur Cell Mater, 12, 2006, 49-56

[3]. A. Weber, P. Wasiliew, and M. Kracht, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway, Sci Signal, 3 (105), 2010 Jan 19
[4]. JA. Roman-Blas and SA. Jimenez, NF-kB as a potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 14, 2006, 839-848
[5]. T. Simopoulou, KN. Malizos, and D. Iliopoulos, Differential expression of leptin and leptin's receptor isoform (Ob-Rb) mRNA between advanced and minimally affected osteoarthritic cartilage; effect on cartilage metabolism,, 15, 2007, 872–883.

Abstract: Introduction: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign aggressive, highly recurrent, very vascular, rapidly growing with undefined etiology & clinically poorly defined, destructive osteolytic lesion of osteoclastic origin. The central giant cell granuloma is often found in the mandible commonly occurring in patients under the age of 30.CGCG always pose a challenge to oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Because of such a type of nature of these lesions a surgeon's treatment of choice is radical resection. However, in recent past it has been noticed that complete removal of these lesions by enucleation has not resulted in any recurrence over a period. Purpose: To present a case of CGCG of the lower jaw of a young person in Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Although en bloc resection provides the lowest recurrence rate, only a few single case reports describe the use of this technique followed by reconstruction with autogenous bone grafts. Material and methods: The medical history of a 18 years patient with a large central giant cell granuloma in the Mandible on the right side extending from canine to the ramus of the mandible. Biopsy specimen taken from the lesion showed CGCG followed by curettage with peripheral ostectomy with preservation of the continuity of the mandible and inferior alveolar bundle. Reconstruction done with titanium reconstruction plate and defect filled with bone graft material. Result: At the end of 12 months clinical and radiological follow up there was no sign of recurrence and showed a well acceptance of the bone graft. Conclusion: After complete healing of the graft, prosthetic rehabilitation with implants will be performed. This allows the best functional and aesthetic results.

Key words: Central giant cell granuloma (GCGC), irradiated cortico-cancellous alloplastic bone grafts, Titanium Reconstruction plate & screws

[1]. Chuong R, Kaban LB Kozakewich H, Perez-Atayde A. Central giant cell lesions of the jaws: a clinicopathologic study. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 1986 Sep; 44(9):708-713, [Pub Med]
[2]. De Lange J, van den Akker HP, van den Berg H. Central giant cell granuloma of the jaw: a review of the literature with emphasis on therapy options. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Nov 104(5): 603-615. [Pub Med] [CrossRef]
[3]. Gonzalez-Garcia R, Naval-Gias L, Rodriguez-Campo FJ, Martinez- Chacon JL, Gil-Diez Usandizaga JL. Vascularized fibular flap for reconstruction of the condyle after mandibular ablation. J. Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 2008 Jun; 66(6):1133-1137. [Pub Med] [CrossRef]
[4]. Gungormus M, Akgul HM. Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: a clinical and radiological study. J Contemp Dent Pract.2003 Aug15; 4(3):87-97. [Pub Med]
[5]. Jaffe HL. Giant-cell reparative granuloma, traumatic bone cyst, and fibrous (fibro-osseous) dysplasia of the jawbones. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1953 Jan; 6(1):159-175. [Pub Med]

Abstract: Background : The historical evidence of the use of "general spinal anesthesia" introduced by Thomas Jonnesco in 1909 for the surgeries of the skull, head, neck and thorax puncturing the subarachnoid space (SAS) between 1st and 2nd thoracic vertebra producing perfect and deep analgesia for the above mentioned area influenced to puncture SAS at 10th thoracic vertebra (T10) in place of puncturing SAS between 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebra proposed by Thomas Jonnesco for anesthesia of lower portion of the body including upper and lower abdomen. Method: 30 (thirty) patients of 59.23±7.219 years classified as ASA class 1 and 2 were selected for upper and lower abdominal surgeries by administration of lower thoracic spinal anesthesia at the level of T10 with 2.5 ml of 0.5% inj. bupivacaine at sitting position to each patient. Hypotensive episode was treated with increment doses of Mephentermine and anxiety of each patient was relieved with 2 mg of midazolam. Bradycardia was treated with inj. atropine. Supplemental oxygen was administered to each patient. Result: Intrathecal procedure was operated successfully at the level of T10 without neural damage and intra-operative fall of blood pressure (98.00±6.034) mm of Hg and pulse rate (55.87±3.636) beats/minute was observed in each case from their base value (117.4±15.741) mm of Hg and heart rate (84.53±12.451) beats / minute respectively. No change of oxygen concentration (Spo2) (98.77±0.817) % was observed in each case. Unchanged respiratory status maintained spo2 in normal range. Conclusion: With minimal hemodynamic instability and well controlled surgical stress response lower thoracic spinal anesthesia at the level of T10 is proposed to be good alternative technique to general anesthesia for open and laparoscopic surgeries in abdomen.

Key words: subarachnoid, lower thoracic, laparoscopic, intrathecal approach,

[1]. Gramatica L jr, Brasessco OE, Luma AM, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed under regional anesthesia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Surg Endosc 2002; 16: 472-5.
[2]. Hamad MA, Ibrahim El-Khattary OA. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia with nitrous oxide pneumoperitoneum: a feasibility study. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 1426-28
[3]. Tzovaras G, Fafoulakis F, Pratsas K, Georgopoulou S, Stamation G, Hatzitheofilou C. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia: a pilot study. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 580-82.
[4]. Veering BT. Immink-Speet TTM. Burm AGL. Stienstra R.Van Kleef JW. Spinal anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in elderly patients: effects of duration spent in the sitting position Br J Anaesth 2001;87 :738-42
[5]. Teoh DA, Santosham KL, Lydell CC, Smith DF, Beriault MT: Surface anatomy as a guide to vertebral level for thoracic epidural placement.Anesth Analg 2009;108: 1705-7

Abstract: Objective: To compare the block characteristics and haemodynamic stability of intrathecal Ropivacaine and Fentanyl; with and without Magnesium as adjuvant for lower limb surgeries. Method: Sixty patients of ASA grade I and II coming for elective lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups with 30 patients in each group. Group F received Isobaric Ropivacaine 0.75% -2.4ml + Fentanyl 20μ + 0.2ml NS and Group M received Isobaric ropivacaine - 2.4ml + Fentanyl 20μ + 25% Magnesium Sulphate 0.2ml. Sensory and motor block characteristics were assessed by pin prick and modified Bromage scale respectively and haemodynamics were recorded. Results: Time to reach T10 dermatome was delayed in group M (4.23±0.94min) compared to group F (2.92±0.81mins). The onset of motor block was also significantly delayed in group M (4.63±0.85mins) than group F (3.30±0.79mins). Duration of analgesia was higher in group M and time for motor recovery was also delayed in group M (p<0.001). Conclusion: Time for onset and recovery of sensory and motor block was delayed with intrathecal ropivacaine in combination with Fentanyl and Magnesium Sulphate as adjuvants than intrathecal Ropivacaine and fentanyl alone.

Key words: intrathecal injection, Ropivacaine, Fentanyl, Magnesium Sulphate

[1]. Wille M. Intrathecal use of Ropivacaine: a review. ActaAnaesth.Belg 2004; 55: 251-59.
[2]. McClellan KJ, Faulds D. Ropivacaine: an update of its used in regional anesthesia. Drugs 2000;60:1065-93
[3]. Surjeet Singh, V.P. Singh, Manish Jain, Kumkum Gupta, BhavnaRastogi, SurbhiAbrolIntrathecal 0.75% Isobaric Ropivacaine Versus 0.5% Heavy Bupivacaine for Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial . J Pak Med Stud 2012;2:2
[4]. Gautier PE, De Kock M, Van Steenberge A, Poth N, LahayeGoffart B, Fanard L et al. intrathecalropivacaine for ambulatory surgery. Anesthesiology 1999; 91:1239-1245.
[5]. Kallio H, Sndll EV, Kero MP, Rosenberg PH. A comparison of intrathecal plain solutions containing ropivacaine 20 or 15 mg versus bupivacaine 10 mg. AnesthAnalg 2004; 99:713-717.

Abstract: Shoemakers and their health have attracted less attention than the shoes themselves. An observational descriptive study with community based cross sectional design was undertaken at slum area of urban field practice area of Medical College, Kolkata for total duration of 6 months. 160 shoemakers from 34 workshops were taken and compared with 112 non shoemakers from 34 families were interviewed and examined. Eyestrain, peripheral neuropathy, musculo-skeletal symptoms were more prevalent among shoemakers. Appropriate advice was given regarding their health condition.

Key words: Shoemakers, Workshops, Eyestrain

[1]. Pal Tapas. Geography of urban cobblers(muchi or shoemakers) : an overview in Bolpur town, West Bengal, India. Indian journal of business and social science (internet, cited on 10th February, 2013). 2011, January. 2(3): 238-45. Available from www.ijbssnet.com
[2]. Elci OC et al. Working conditions and related neuropsychiatric problems among shoemakers in Turkey: Do child workers differ from others?. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental medicine. (internet, 2007, cited on February 12th , 2013)];11:9-14. Available from: http://www.ijoem.com/text.asp
[3]. Tiwari Rajnarayan R. Child labour in footwear industry: possible occupational health hazards. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine (internet, cited on 10th February, 2013) 2005,April: 9(1): 7-9. Available from : http://www.ijoem.com/text.asp
[4]. Gangopadhya et al. An occupational health study of the footwear manufacturing worker of Kolkata. Ethnomed(internet, cited on 10th February, 2013). 2011: 5(1):11-15
[5]. Tiwari Rajnarayan R. Eyestrain in working children of footwear making units of Agra, India. Indian paediatrics. October 5, 2012. (internet, cited on 10th February, 2013), 1-9, pdf.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the genotoxicity of Endoflas FS (zinc-oxide eugenol based sealer), RC Seal (epoxy- resin based sealer), Diapex (calcium hydroxide based medicated sealer), Roeko Seal (silicone based sealer) and MTA Fillapex (MTA based sealer) root canal sealers using MN assay. Methods: The samples were divided in to two main groups - positive control group (EMS media alone) and experimental group (sealers used in the study). i. Positive Control group: EMS media alone was used as control group. ii. Experimental group: This group was divided into five subgroups according to the type of root canal sealers used: Group 1: Endoflas FS (EFS), Group 2 :Diapex (D), Group 3 : MTA Fillapex (MF), Group 4 : RC Seal (RCS), Group 5: RoekoSeal(RS). The extracts from the root canal sealers of each experimental subgroup were serially diluted (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32). They were tested for genotoxicity on L929-Mouse fibroblast cells line using MN assay at 24 hours, 48 hours and 78 hours. Results: The average of micronuclei number/1000 cells, formation in EFS was more in 1:1 concentration at 72hr (22.60±0.54 and was less in the concentration 1:32 at 24hr (3.00±0.70). The average micronuclei number/1000 cells, formation were highest in 1:1 concentration at 72hr (21.80±0.44) and 48hr (19.80±0.44),higher than control group and were lowest in the concentration 1:32 at 24hr (2.20±044). The average micronuclei number/1000 cells formation in Group III (MF) was highest in 1:1 concentration at 72 hr (24.20±0.44).there was gradual decrease in micronuclei number/1000 cells in 1:1; 1:2; 1:4 at 24hr, 48hr, 72hr but in 1:8 at 48 and72hr there was no differences micronuclei number /1000 cells formation. Conclusion: It may be concluded that addition of bactericidal agents such as iodoform and paramonochlorophenol in the formula of root canal sealers can augment their genotoxicity.

Key words: Genotoxicity, Root Canal Sealers, concentration

[1]. Vidal, L. V. O.; Albinati, R. C. B.; Albinati, A. C. L.; Lira, A. D.; Almeida, T. R.; Santos, G. B.Eugenol as an anesthetic for Nile tilapia. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 43, n. 8, p. 1069-1074, 2008.
[2]. Hume, W. R.; Massey, W. L. Keeping the pulp alive: the pharmacology and toxicology of agents applied to dentine. Australian Dental Journal, v. 35, n. 1, p. 32-37, 1990.
[3]. Munerato, M. C.; Sinigaglia, M.; Reguly, M. L.; Andrade, H. H. R. Genotoxic effects of eugenol, isoeugenol and safrole in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster. Mutation Research, v. 582, n. 1/2, p. 87-94, 2005.
[4]. Rezende, E. F.; Mendes-Costa, M. C.; Fonseca, J. C.; Ribeiro, A. O. Nuclear anomalies in the buccal cells of children under dental treatment. Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia, v. 8, n. 2, p. 182-188, 2011.
[5]. Galindo, T. P.; Moreira, L. M. Evaluation of genotoxicity using the micronucleus assay and nuclear abnormalities in the tropical sea fish Bathygobius soporator. Genetics and Molecular Biology, v. 32, n. 3, p. 394-398, 2009.

Abstract: With the advent of deinstitutionalization there is increasing interest in the quality of life of caregivers of patients with bipolar mood disorder all over the world. Quality of life of 50 caregivers of bipolar mood disorder (with current manic episode) patients were evaluated using Q-LES-Q-SF. Severity of manic episode was evaluated using YMRS scale. Quality of life was found to be moderately low. Parents of patients had the poorest quality of life compared to caregivers in other relationships. Quality of life in caregivers was negatively correlated with YMRS score.

Keywords: Bipolar Mood Disorder, Caregivers, Manic episode, Quality of Life, YMRS Score

[1] Judd LL, Schettler PJ, Akiskal HS, Maser J, Coryell W, Solomon D, Endicott J, Keller M, Long-term symptomatic status of bipolar I vs. bipolar II disorders, Int. J.Neuropsychopharmacol., 6, 2003, 127-37.
[2] Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, & Walters EE, Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 2005, 593-602.
[3] Angst J, The emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder, Journal of Affective Disorders, 50, 1998, 143-151.
[4] Ganguly KK, Chadda RK& Singh TB, Caregiver Burden and Coping in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Qualitative Study, American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 13:2, 2010, 126-142.
[5] Nehra R, Chakrabarti S, Kulhara P, Sharma R, Caregiver-coping in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia--a re-examination, Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol., 40(4), 2005, 329-36.

Abstract: Surfactant is a surface acting agent, usually organic compound that are amphiphilic. Aim of the study was to compare plaque inhibition property of a surfactant rich dentifrice & a commercially available dentifrice. 20 patient of generalized chronic gingivitis in age group 18-30 yr. Full mouth ultrasonic scaling was done & vertical brushing technique demonstrated & advocated. Patients were divided into 2 groups, paste A (delmopinol) & B (sodium lauryl sulfate). Plaque indices were taken before scaling, after scaling, after 7 days & 14 days. Inter comparison between the 2 groups showed that plaque score was lower in group A when compared with group B at 7 & 14 days. Delmopinol hydrochloride & sodium lauryl sacrocinate is found to be more potent in plaque inhibition as compared to sodium lauryl sulfate alone.

Keywords: Delmopinol hydrochloride, sodium lauryl sacrocinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, chronic gingivitis, plaque inhibition.

[1] Lindhe , Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry ( place of publication & publisher ) 5th edition .

[2] H J Busscher & L.V. Evans , Oral Biofilms and Plaque Control, Taylor & Francis, 19-Feb-1999 ,348 pages.

[3] Niederman R , Triclosan-containing toothpastes reduce plaque and gingivitis ,Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(2):33.

[4] Triratana, Terdphong; Rustogi, Kedar, N.; Volpe, Anthony, R.; Devizio, William; Petrone, Margaret; Giniger, Martin, 2002: Clinical effect of a new liquid dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer on existing plaque and gingivitis. Journal of the American Dental Association 133(2): 219-225)

[5] Rundegren J, Simonsson T, Petersson L, Hansson E. Effect of delmopinol on the cohesion of glucan-containing plaque formed by Streptococcus mutans in a flow cell system. J Dent Res 1992; 71:1792-1796.)

Abstract: A Cross sectional observational study was performed for two months from December 2013 to January 2014 in 81 villages in Amdanga Block, North 24 Parganas by Lot Quality Sampling Technique to estimate some aspects of Antenatal Care. The poorly performing lots were identified and the coverage of various services were ascertained and also the different motivators of the mothers were identified by this study. A total of 567 samples were collected by appropriate techniques. Only two of them did not take antenatal visit. 83.9% were motivated by early ANC, mostly by the ASHAs and mother-in-laws. Most of them went to sub centres, and were registered by ANMs. Also most of them (83.9%) registered early for ANC. The coverage of various services among the mother was satisfactory, and was found to have improved than NFHS-3, though the number of poorly performing lots as per set criteria was found to be as high as 25%.

Keywords: Lot Quality sampling, Antenatal care

[1]. Pal S. eta al: Coverage of ante-natal care in a block of West Bengal using lot quality assurance sampling.Indian J Public Health. 2009 Oct-Dec;53(4):256-8.
[2]. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2007. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005–06: India: Volume I.Mumbai: IIPS.
[3]. ChandhiokNomita, DilloBalwan S, KamboIndra, SaxenaNirakra C. : Determinants of antenatal care utilization in rural areas a cross-sectional study from 28 districts (An ICMR task force) J obstetrics Gynecology of India, 56 (. 1): 47-52, 2006
[4]. Talwar R, Chitkara A, Khokhar A, Rasania S.K., and Sachdwa T.R. : Determinants of Utilization of ante- natal care services, amongst Attendees in a Publication Health and population sector hospital in Delhi: Health and population perspective and Issues , 28 (3):154- 163, 2005
[5]. Robertson S: Monitoring immunization services using the Lot Quality Technique. World Health Organization: Geneva, 1996

Abstract: The removal of impacted third molars is a common procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. There is controversy about use of antibiotics as prophylaxis to prevent complications after third molar removal. Several authors claim that prophylactic antibiotics are useful in preventing postoperative complications and infections after third molar removal. Decreased pain, swelling and trismus are reported. Quality of life is stated to be higher when antibiotics are prescribed. On the other hand, additional studies were not able to demonstrate the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis. The purpose of this study is to review the literature regarding the appropriateness of the routine use of antibiotics for third molar surgery.

Keywords: prophylactic, antibiotics, molar surgery

[1]. Peterson LJ, Antibiotic prophylaxis against wound infections in oral and maxillofacial surgery, J Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 48, 1990, 617.
[2]. McHenry MC, Weinstein AJ, Antimicrobial drugs and infections in ambulatory patients: Some problems and perspectives, Med. Clin. North Am., 3, 1983, 67.
[3]. Peterson LJ, Booth DF, Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in intraoral orthognathic surgery, J Oral Surg. 34, 1976, 1088.
[4]. Paterson JA, Cardo VA, Stratigos GT, An examination of antibiotic prophylaxis in oral and maxillofacial surgery, J Oral Surg., 28,1970, 753.
[5]. Alanis A, Weinstein AJ, Adverse reactions associated with the use of oral penicillins and cephalosporins, Med Clin North Am., 67, 1983; 113.
[6]. Dajani AS, Bisno AL, Chung KJ, et al, Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: Recommendations of the American Heart Association, J Am Dent Assoc. 64, 1990; 2919.

Abstract: Warts are the most common presentation of all viral skin infections. Different morphological variants of warts viz; verruca vulgaris, verruca plana, digitate warts, plantar warts etc. do exists. A study was conducted at Muzaffarnagar Medical College to see the distribution of warts and its variants in this region. Introduction: Warts or verrucae are benign cutaneous and mucosal epithelial proliferations caused by papilloma viruses. Persistent lesions caused by certain types of human papilloma virus can undergo neoplastic transformation. Papilloma viruses comprise a large family of small DNA viruses that infect humans and many other species1 HPV infection is very common and patients present with different morphologies of warts in dermatology OPD.

Key Words: verrucae, Human Papilloma Virus

[1]. De Villiers EM et al: classification of papillomaviruses. Virology 324 (1): 17-24,2004
[2]. Laximisha C, Thappa DM, Jaishankar T.J.Viral warts- a clinicoepidemiological study. Indian J. Dermatol. 2003; 48(3):142-5.
[3]. K M Rao Sudhakar et al, A clinical study on warts. Journal of clinical and diagnostic Research vol-5(8):1582-1584,2011
[4]. Berth Jones J, Hutchinson PE. Modern treatment of warts: the cure rates at 3 and 6 months. Br J Dermatol. 1992;127:262-65.
[5]. Kilkenny M et al: the Prevalance of common skin conditions in Australian school students: 1 common Plane & Planter viral warts. Br J Dermatol 138(5):840-845,1998

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of Protaper Universal,R-Endo,Peezo Reamer for gutta percha removal during re-treatment by stereomicroscopic analysis. Materials and methods: A total of 20 extracted human maxillary single rooted teeth were selected. Canal preparation was carried out by the sequential use of K- files up to size 30 at working length and then divided into one control group(n=5)that is group I and three experimental groups II,III,IV (n=5 each).The experimental groups were obturated by lateral compaction of gutta percha using zinc oxide eugenol sealer. During re-treatment xylene severed as solvent in all groups. In group II Protaper Universal ,group III R-Endo, group IV Peezo Reamer were used for gutta percha removal. Stereomicroscope was used to check the efficacy and statistically analysed. Results: Among the three experimental groups stereomicroscopic analysis showed greatest efficacy of group III at coronal, middle and apical sections when their summation was done. Conclusion: R-endo showed superior gutta percha removal efficacy over Protaper Universal and Peezo Reamer.

Keywords: Re-treatment,Solvent,Obturation

[1]. Nair PN, Sjogren U, Kahnberg KE, Krey G, Sundqvist G (1990)Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: along-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study.Journal of Endodontics 16, 580–8.
[2]. Ayar LR, Love RM (2004) Shaping ability of ProFile and K3 rotary Ni-Ti instruments when used in a variable tip sequence in simulated curved root canals. International Endodontic Journal 37, 593–601.
[3]. Hepworth MJ, Friedman S. Treatment outcome of surgical and nonsurgical management of endodontic failures. J Can Dent Assoc 1997;63:364-71.
[4]. Gorni FGM, Gagliani MM. The outcome of endodontic retreatment:a 2-yr follow-up. J Endod 2004;30:1-4.
[5]. 5.Hulssmann M, Stotz S. Efficacy, cleaning ability and safety of different devices for gutta-percha removal in root canal retreatment. Int Endod J 1997;30:277-33.

Abstract: We aimed to investigate the role of IL-4Rα, TNF-α, its receptor, and CD4 enhancer gene polymorphisms in susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).One hundred and fifty RA patients and 100 controls were enrolled in the study. Genotyping of IL-4Rα I50V (rs1805010) and IL-4Rα Q576R (rs1801275), TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene and −196M/R polymorphism of TNFRII gene, CD4-11743 and CD4-10845 gene polymorphismwas determined by PCR-RFLP.IL-4Rα 50IV genotype was significantly more frequent in patients with RA than in controls (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1–3.7, P: 0.035). Subjects with IL-4Rα 50V/V genotype were significantly more likely to have erosive arthropathy (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–6.1, P: 0.02). The frequencies of IL-4Rα Q576R genotype were significantly decreased in patients with erosive RA compared to patients with non erosive RA (31.6%versus 48.2%, OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1–7.7, P: 0.04).Our findings suggested that the A allele of TNF-α and TNFRII 196M/R polymorphism were associated with RA susceptibility. Subjects with the CC genotype of CD4-11743 were significantly more likely to develop RA (OR = 2.7, P = 0.03) and more likely to have severe RA (OR = 2.7, P = 0.024). Carrier of A allele of CD4-10845 was significantly more likely to develop severe RA (OR = 3.7, P =0.000).In conclusion,IL-4Rα,TNF-α and its receptor, CD4 enhancer gene polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to RA and may be helpful in early detection of erosive RA.

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IL-4Rα,TNF-α, TNFRII, CD4, Gene polymorphism

[1] Firestein GS. Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature 2003;423:356–61.

[2] Abdel-Nasser AM, Rasker JJ, Valkenburg HA. Epidemiological and clinical aspects relating to the variability of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997;27:123–40.

[3] MacGregor AJ, Snieder H, Rigby AS, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J, Aho K, et al. Characterizing the quantitative genetic contribution to rheumatoid arthritis using data from twins. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:30–7.

[4] Crispín JC, Kyttaris VC, Juang Y-T, Tsokos GC. How signaling and gene transcription aberrations dictate the systemic lupus erythematosus T cell phenotype. Trends Immunol 2008;29:110–5.

[5] Van Roon JAG, Bijlsma JWJ, Lafeber FPJG. Diversity of regulatory T cells to control arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2006;20:897–913.

Abstract: Infertility resulting in humans has evoked considerable legal, medical and social interests. Infertility remains a major public health problem. Epidemiological studies reveal that genetic and environmental factors are responsible for infertility. As an estimate nearly 15-20% of couples have difficulty or is unable to conceive. Infertility is multi-factorial, but primarily it is because of male factor, female factor or a combination of both. Infertility can be hormonal, related to age, obesity, and infectious diseases, psychological or genetic. The genetic causes of infertility can be Y chromosome deletion, single gene disorder, multi-factorial causes and chromosomal abnormalities. The incidence of autosomal chromosome abnormalities is 1.1 to 7.2% in infertile men, about 3% in the azoospermia group and up to 10.2% in the oligozoospermia group. Genetic research on infertility aims to correlating clinical consequences and genotype. Key words: azoospermia, chromosomal aberrations, cytogenetics, infertility, syndromes, Y chromosome microdeletion.

[1]. Lissitsina J, Mikelsaar R, Punab M. Cytogenetic analyses in infertile men. Arch Androl 2006; 52 (2): 91 -95.

[2]. Greenhall E, Vessay M. The prevalence of subfertility: our view of the current confusion and a report of two new studies. Fertil Steril 1990; 54, 978-983.

[3]. Shah K, Sivapalan G, Gibbons N, Tempest H, Griffin DK. The genetic basis of infertility. Hum Reprod 2003; 126: 12–25.

[4]. World Health Organization (WHO). Current practices and controversies in assisted reproduction. Report of a meeting on "Medical, Ethical and Social aspects of assisted reproduction" Geneva, World Health Organization 2002.

[5]. Dutta S, Guha RA. Clinico- anatomical study on the etiological factors pertaining to primary infertility in females using some common investigative procedures. J Anat Soc India 2007; 56: 114–147.

[6]. World Health Organization. Special Programme of Research, development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Geneva; World Health Organization 9th; 1980.

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problemsfor evaluating the archives websites' performance with interval intuitionistic fuzzy information.Then,based on the TOPSIS method, calculation steps for solving MADM problems for evaluating thearchives websites' performance with interval intuitionistic fuzzy information are given. The weightedHamming distances property that leads to have the weight hamming distances the relative closeness degree to the positive ideal solution is calculated to rank all alternatives and to form most desirable archives website:
Keywords: Multiple Attribute Decision-making (MAGM), Interval Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information, The Construction of Archives' Websites, Performance Evaluation, Sensitivity analysis, TOPSIS technique.

[1]. Ch. Zhang, "Study on the questions of archives websites' performance evaluation in our country", Xiangtan University, 2006.
[2]. X.H. Wang, "Model for Tourism Management with 2-tuple Linguistic Information", AISS : Advances in Information Sciences and
Service Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 34- 39, 2011.
[3]. X.F. Li, D. Li, "TOPSIS Method for Chinese College Teacher Performance Appraisal System with Uncertain Information", AISS:
Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 59- 64, 2011.
[4]. G.W. Wei, H. Tan, "IFLOWHM Operator and its Application to Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making", JCIT: Journal of
Convergence Information Technology, Vol. 6, No. 7, pp. 367- 374, 2011.
[5]. P.D. Liu, Y. Su, "The extended TOPSIS based on trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables", Journal of Convergence Information
Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp.38-53, 2010.

Abstract: Aim of the study: To evaluate the changes in crestal bone level around implants placed with flapless surgery in comparison with flap surgery in bilateral posterior edentulous area of the same patient Objective; 1) To measure the crestal bone level around implants immediately,1 3and 6 months after placement and evaluate the amount of bone level changes 2) To compare the change in bone level around implants placed using flapless surgery with that of around implants placed with flap surgery Material and methods Study design: Experimental randomized controlled clinical trial Study setting-department of prosthodontics, Govt.dentalCollege, Calicut Study period- conducted for 18 months after getting the approval Study methodology

Keywords: flapless,dental implants,crestal bone loss

[1]. Takie HH , Carranza FA , Kennedy EB ,Lekovic . Flap technique for periodontal bone implants : papilla preservation technique. J Periodontol 1985;56:204-10
[2]. Jones AA , Cochran DL. Consequences of implant designs .Dent Clin N Am2006;50:339-60
[3]. Roman GG. Influence of flap design on peri implant interproximal crestal bone loss around single tooth implants . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2001;16:61-67
[4]. Fortin T, Bosson JL,Isidori M,Blanchet E. Effect of flapless surgery on pain experienced in implant placement using an image guided system .Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants2006;21:298-304
[5]. Jeong S,Choi B ,Li J , Kim H ,Ko C. Flapless implant surgery,an experimental study . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:24-8