iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2014

Abstract: Osteoarthritis is the chronic musculoskeletal disorders. It is characterized by destruction of articular cartilage, proinflamatory mediator secretion and breakdown of cartilage matrix.MMP-9 and MMP-13 are biomarkers in matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. MMP-9 can activate pro MMP-13 and stimulates MMP-13 secretion, MMP-13 also can activate MMPs. NO (nitric oxide) is the essential production of catabolic factor in chondrocyte, it's caused by the cytokineproinflamatory responses. VEGF is the essential component for ossification and osteophyte formation.Recent studies suggest that activation of PPAR-γ with pioglitazone (agonist PPAR-γ) is an interesting target for the disease. PPAR-γ is a transcription factor that is also expressed in chondrocytes. The aim of this study to determine the effects of pioglitazone on MMP-9, MMP-13, NO, VEGF, TNF-αsecretion andPPAR-γ expressionby chondrocytes.The sample of this research is chondrocyte cell line induced by IL-1β then exposed with pioglitazone. MMP-9, MMP-13,VEGF and TNF-α were measured using ELISA, NOwas measured using colorimetry assay, PPAR-γ expression was measured by real time PCR. Pioglitazone exposure increased PPARγ expression significantly, and in contrast they are also decreaseMMP-9, MMP-13, NO, VEGF and TNF-αsecretion in all groups. This results show that pioglitazone have a role for treatmentin osteoarthritis by decreasing catabolic and inflamatory responses of chondrocyte.

Keywords: Pioglitazone, MMP-9, MMP-13, NO, VEGF, TNF-α, PPAR-γ

[1]. Petersen, W. Tsokos, M. Pufe, T. 2002. Expression of VEGF121 and VEGF165 in hypertrophic chondrocytes of the human growth plate and epiphyseal cartilage. J. Anat. 2002 201, PPARγ 153 –157.
[2]. H. Fahmi, J. Martel-Pelletier, JP.Pelletier, andM.Kapoor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in osteoarthritis,Mod Rheumatol, 21, 2011, 1–9
[3]. Vincenti M. And Brinckerhoff, C. 2001. Transcriptional Regulation of Collagenase (MMP1, MMP13) Genes in Arthritis : Integration of Complex Signalling Pathways for the Recruitment of Gne-specific Transcription Factors. Arthritris res 2002, 4:157-164.
[4]. Alejandro M. Florian. IL-1 and it's role in osteoarthritis. Open Journal Of medicine. 2011,1-5
[5]. T. Aigner, S. Soeder, andJ. Haag, IL-1beta and BMPs--interactive players of cartilage matrix degradation and regeneration,Eur Cell Mater, 12, 2006, 49-56

Abstract: Morphometric study of submandibular salivary gland in 30 normal human fetuses at different stages of development was done. Morphometric parameters studied in fetal submandibular glands were length and breadth of glands. It was observed that with increase in gestational age of fetuses, there was gradual increase in morphometric parameters of fetal submandibular salivary glands of both sides.

Keywords: fetuses, histogenesis, human, morphometry, submandibular salivary gland.

[1] Gray H, Gray's anatomy,the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery (Churchill Livingstone,2000).

[2] Gibson, M.H, The prenatal human submandibular gland: a histological, histo-chemical and ultrastructural study. Anatomischer Anzeiger, 153(1), 1983, 91-105.

[3] El - Mohandes, E.A; Botros, K.G; Bondok A.A,Prenatal development of the human submandibular gland. Acta Anatomica. 130(3), 1987, 213-218.

[4] Martinez, G; Caltabiano, C; Leonardi, R; Canterella, M.I. ,Histo-ontogenetic study of the major salivary glands and Chievitz's organ. Stomatologia Mediterrania. 11(1), 1991,33-37.

[5] Merida - Velasco, J.A. ; Sanchez - Montesinos, I; Espin - Ferra, J; Garcia - Garcia, J.D; Garcia-Gomez, S; Roldan- Schilling, V, Development of the human submandibular salivary gland. Journal of Dental Research 72(8),1993, 1227-1232.

Abstract: Osteosarcoma is the most common histological form of primary bone cancer. It is an aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin that exhibit osteoblastic differentiation and produce malignant osteoid. The most common form of treatment is removal of the lesion. Limb-sparing procedures can often be used to preserve function. Chemotherapy is also required to treat micrometastatic disease, which may be present, but not detectable in most patients at initial diagnosis. We present a proximal anteromedial tibial metaphysical Osteosarcoma in a 51 year-old adult male. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiography and histopathology. Pre-up palliative care, en bloc resection of the tumor with the patella and iliac graft reconstruction and post-operative chemotherapy were performed. After multi-step surgeries, the patient made full clinical and symptomatic recovery. Further 4 and 10 years follow ups revealed a promising outcome.

Keywords: Autograft, knee, Osteoarticular Autograft, Osteosarcoma, patellar grafting

[1]. Ottaviani G, Jaffe N. (2009): The epidemiology of osteosarcoma. Cancer Treat Res. 152:3-13.
[2]. Atesok KI, Alman BA, Schemitsch EH, Peyser A, Mankin H: Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011 Nov; 19(11):678-89.
[3]. Harris IE, Leff AR, Gitelis S, Simon MA: Function after amputation, arthrodesis, or arthroplasty for tumors about the knee (1990): J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990 Dec; 72(10):1477-85.
[4]. Campanacci M, Costa P (1979): Total resection of distal femur or proximal tibia for bone tumours. Autogenous bone grafts and arthrodesis in twenty-six cases: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1979 Nov; 61-B (4):455-63.
[5]. Barrett GR, Noojin FK, Hartzog CW, Nash CR. (2002): Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in females: A comparison of hamstring versus patellar tendon autograft: Arthroscopy. 2002 Jan; 18(1):46-54.

Abstract: Thymolipoma is a rare benign tumor of the anterior mediastinum with mean age of incidence of 20 to 30 years with rare occurrence in children. All clinicians are not aware of this entity and so the diagnosis is easily missed. It is defined as a mass forming lesion composed of circumscribed mature adipose tissue and unremarkable thymus. I present a case of 4-year-old child with history of breathlessness. USG chest of the child had revealed a space occupying mass in the anterior mediastinum of 5 x 6 x 4 cms. On resection, the 550 gm weight mass showed capsulated, soft to firm, yellowish-tan colored areas. Sections from the mass showed predominantly adipose tissue containing interconnecting cords of thymus. Although rare, thymolipoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal tumors.

Keywords: Anterior mediastinal tumor, Mediastinum, Thymolipoma

[1]. Tindall H, Tandon AP, Ionescu MI. An unusual case of chest pain and cardiomegaly. Br J Clin Pract. 1990;44:766-7.
[2]. Mc Manus KG, Allen MS, Trastek VF. Lipothymoma with red cell aplasia, hypogammaglobinemia and lichen planus. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;58:1534-6.
[3]. Fenniche S, Maalej S, Hassene H. Unusual presentation of giant thymolipoma. Tunis Med. 2003;81:59-62.
[4]. Gamondes JP, Balawi A, Greenland T. Seventeen years of surgicaltreatment of thymoma: factors influencing survival. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1991;5:124-31.
[5]. Argani P, Rosai J. Thymoma arising with a thymolipoma. Histopathology. 1998;32:5568-78.
[6]. Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang J. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thymoma: an analysis 116 cases. Chin Med J. 2003;116:1187-90.
[7]. Benton C, Gerard P. Thymolipoma in a patient with Graves' disease: case report and review of the literature. J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;51:428.

Abstract: Introduction - To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with different mesh base design viz. single mesh base,double mesh base , Microlock base & Dynalock base and to assess shear bond strength after rebonding using sand blasting & acid bath method.The surface characteristics of new and rebonded bracket bases were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sample comprised of 40 extracted human mandibular premolars. Sample was divided in to four groups and brackets with different mesh base designs were bonded. (n=10 for each mesh base design). SEM was used to compare the surface characteristics of the new & rebonded bracket bases for all the four groups Multiple comparison Scheffe test wasused to compare the shear bond strength of new brackets in all 4 groups revealed that mean shear bond strength for single mesh base(Gr I) , double mesh base (Gr II)& Microlock base (Gr III)were not statistically significant with P-value (P>0.05),whereas Dynalock(Gr IV) showed significant difference ( P< 0.05).Shear bond strength ranking from highest to lowest was highest in single mesh base, double mesh base, microlock base & lowest with Dynalock base brackets Sand blasting showed more shear bond strength than acid bath method.

Key words: Single mesh, Double mesh, Microlock, Dynalock, Sand blasting, Acid bath, Shear bond strength.

[1]. Smith NR, Reynolds IR .A comparison of three bracket bases: An in vitro study. Br J Orthod 1991; 13:29-35
[2]. Reynolds I. R., and Von Fraunhofer, J.A:Direct bonding of orthodontic attachments to the teeth: The relation of adhesive bond strength to gauge mesh size. Br J Orthod 1976 :3;91-95
[3]. Bishara S E, Manal Soliman, Charuphan Oonsombat. The effect of variation in mesh base design on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod 2004 ; 74:400-404
[4]. Buncha Samruajbenjakul, Boonlert Kukiattrakoon. Shear Bond Strength of Ceramic Brackets with Different Base Designs to Feldspathic porcelains Angle Orthod. 2009;79:571–576.)
[5]. Wei Nan Wang et at. Bond strength of various bracket base designs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:65-70

Abstract: Gastric Adenomyoma (GA) is a rare,benign submucosal tumour composed of numerous glands and smooth muscle bundles.We report a 84-year-old woman with recurrent upper abdominal discomfort and a history of malaena. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy reveal two submucosal swellings in the antrum but the result of endoscopic biopsy was inconclusive.After proper work-up and informed choice,she underwent distal gastrectomy and the final histologic examination reveal gastric adenomyoma.Post-gastrectomy she had no pain but mild satiety and bloating which resolves gradually after 2 months. GA is rare but should be considered as a possibility in the diagnosis of submucosal gastric tumours.It can be symptomatic and present with malaena even as excision cure it.Surgery should be offered in symptomatic GA even in geriatric patient.

[1]. Stewart TW Jr, Mills LR. Adenomyoma of the stomach. South Med J. 1984 Oct;77(10):1337-8. PMID:6484660 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE]
[2]. Magnus-Alsleben E. Adenomyome des Pylorus. Virchows Arch 1903; 173: 137–155
[3]. Nabi et al.: Atypical presentation of myoepithelial hamartoma in the antrum of the stomach, mimicking a gastrointestinal stromal
tumor: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2012 6:382.
[4]. Zhu HN, Yu JP, Luo J, Jiang YH, Li JQ, Sun WY. Gastric adenomyoma presenting as melena: A case report and literature review.
World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16(15): 1934-1936 Available from: URL: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/ v16/i15/1934.htm
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i15. 1934
[5]. Chapple CR, Muller S, Newman J: Gastric adenocarcinoma associated with adenomyoma of the stomach. Postgrad Med J 1988,
64:801–803

Abstract: The necessity of routine interval appendectomy after resolution of appendicular mass is debatable. A study was conducted to evaluate whether surgical factors and pathological features of excised appendices support interval appendectomy.

Key words: Appendiceal mass. Diagnosis, Conservative treatment, interval appendectomy

[1]. Nitecki S, Assalia A, Schein M: Contemporary management of the appendiceal mass. Br J Surg 1993;80:18-20.
[2]. Bagi P, Dueholm S: Nonoperative management of the ultrasonically evaluated appendiceal mass. Surgery 1987;101:602-605.
[3]. Price MR, Haase GM, Sartorelli KH, Meagher DP:Recurrent appendicitis after initial conservative treatment of appendiceal abscess . J Pediatr Surg 1996;31:291-294.
[4]. Paul DL, Bloom GP: Appendiceal abscess. Arch Surg 1982;117:1017-1019.
[5]. Elmore JR, Dibbins AW, Curci MR: The treatment of complicated appendicitis in children. What is the gold standard? Arch Surg 1987;122:424-427.
[6]. Mazziotti MV, Marley EF, Winthrop AL, Fitzgerald PG, Walton M, Langer JC: Histopathologic analysis of interval appendectomy specimens: support for the role of interval appendectomy J PediatrSurg 1997;32:806-809.
[7]. Janik JS, Ein SH, Shandling B, Simpson JS, Stephens CA: Nonsurgical management of appendiceal mass in late presenting children. J Pediatr Surg 1980;15:574-576.

Abstract: Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder with several well-known extraintestinal manifestations such as erythema nodosum, uveitis, and arthritis and rarely observed is vulvar manifestation. A case of 24 years old female G1P1 with regular periods with vulvo-anal involvement without bowel manifestation was diagnosed as a case of vulvar presentation of Crohn's disease and was put on multiple drug treatment metronidazole & prednisolone. Patient was reviewed after 3 weeks with no improvement but with flare up of disease. Patient was admitted and biopsy was taken at multiple sites from vulvo-anal region to confirm diagnosis. Histopathology report shows chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease. Azathioprine was added to prior treatment and responded.

Keywords: vulva, Crohn's disease, azathioprine, cutaneous

[1]. Kingsland CR, Alderman B. Crohn's disease of the vulva. J R Soc Med 1991;84:236-7.
[2]. Leu S, Sun PK, Collyer J, Smidt A, Stika CS, Schlosser B, et al. Clinical Spectrum of Vulva Metastatic Crohn's Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2009;54:1565-71
[3]. Parks AG, Morson BC, Pegum JS. Crohn's disease with cutaneous involvement. Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:241-2.
[4]. Andreani SM, Ratnasingham K, Dang HH, Gravante G, Giordano P. Crohn's disease of the vulva. Int J Surg 2010;8:2-5.
[5]. Lally MR, Orenstein SR, Cohen BA. Crohn's disease of the Vulva in an 8-year-old girl. Pediatr Dermatol 1988;5:103-6.
[6]. Bohl TG. Vulvar ulcers and erosions-a dermatologist's viewpoint. Dermatol Ther 2004;17:55-67.

Abstract: E-cadherin mutations are a major step in the metastatic progression. Mutated cadherins contributes to different aspects of cancer progression like drug resistance, angiogenesis, cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Thus cadherins can be regarded as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicators as well as potential therapeutic targets of cancer therapy in future. Identification of E-cadherin mutations and characterization of the mutated protein may improve our understanding of how cells escape from their normal location and spread through the body. The present study aimed at analyzing the functional consequences of such E- cadherin mutations in 50 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Key words: Breast Cancer, E-cadherin, Ductal carcinoma, Mutations

[1]. Berx G, Clenton-jansen AM, Nollet F, De Leeuw WJF, Van de Vijver MJK, Cornelisse C and Van Roy F : E- cadherin is a tumor/invasion suppressor gene mutated in human lobular breast cancers. EMBO J 14 : 6107-6115, 1995
[2]. Berx G, States K, Van Hengel J, Molemans F, Bussemakers MJG, Van Bokhoven A and Van Roy F: Cloning and characterization of the human invasion suppressor gene E cadherin (CDH1). Genomics 26 : 281-289, 1995
[3]. Berx G, Becker KF, Hofler H and Van Roy, F: Mutations of the human E cadherin (CDH1) gene. Hum. Mutat. 12 : 226-237, 1998.
[4]. Cowin, P: Unraveling the cytoplasmic interactions of the cadherin super family. Proc.Natl Acad.Sci.USA., 91 : 10759-10761. 1994.
[5]. Damsky CH, Richa J, Solter D, Knudsen K and Buck CA: Identification and purification of a cell surface glycoprotein mediating intercellular adhesion in embryonic and adult tissue. Cell 34 : 455-466. 1983
[6]. Deplazes J, Fuchs M, Rauser S, Genth H, Lengyel E, Busch R and Luber B: Rac1 and Rho contribute to the migratory and invasive phenotype associated with somatic E cadherin mutation. Hum.Molec.Genet. 18 : 3632 – 3644, 2009

Abstract: Balance and gait disturbances place older adults at significant risk of falling and hence fall prevention has become an important consideration in elderly. Studies have shown vestibular rehabilitation to be effective in reducing fall risk in individuals with symptoms of dizziness but so far their effect on balance in vestibular asymptomatic elderly has not been studied. Hence present study intends to investigate the effect of incorporation of Gaze Stability Exercises (GSE) in Balance Training (BT) of elderly who though are vestibular asymptomatic but have decreased balance and increased risk of fall. Thirty elderly volunteers were divided into 3 groups; Group A received GSE with BT, Group B received only BT and Group C was control group. Outcome measures were Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index and the Activities - Specific Balance Confidence Scale. Both the experimental groups showed improvement on outcome measures after 6 weeks of intervention while control group did not show any significant improvement. However, on comparing Group A and Group B, the non-significant difference was found. Conclusion: The inclusion of gaze stability exercises in elderly with asymptomatic vestibular function did not show significant improvement on balance and fall risk when compared with those who received balance exercises only.

Keywords: Balance, elderly, gaze stability exercises, vestibular rehabilitation

[1]. N. Benjuva, L. Melzer, and J. Kaplanski, Aging-induced shifts from a reliance on sensory input to muscle cocontraction during balanced standing, The Journals of Gerontology. SeriesA, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 59(2), 2004, 166
[2]. K. Dodd, N. Taylor, and S. Bradley, Strength training for older people (Sydney, Australia: Edinburgh, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004) 125-58. As quoted in: C.J. Knerl, P.B. Schuler, L.W. Taylor, L.M. Cosio-Lima, and K.A. Caillouet, The effects of six weeks of balance and strength training on measures of dynamic balance of older adults, Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 7(2), 2009, 111-22.
[3]. A.A. Guccione, Geriatric physical therapy (St. Louis: Mosby publication, 1993) 237-52.
[4]. A. Shumway-Cook, and M. Woolacott, Motor Control: Translating research into clinical practice, 3rd edition (Baltimore, Maryland: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007) 160-232.
[5]. N.A. Ricci, M.C. Aratani, F. Dona, C. Macedo, H.H. Caovilla, and F.F. Gananca, A systematic review about the effects of the vestibular rehabilitation in middle-age andolder adults, Rev Bras Fisioter, Sao Carlos, 14(5), 2010, 361-71.

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow obstruction is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gas. [1] It is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is currently the fourth leading cause of death.[2] Contemporarily, the diagnosis and classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on spirometric assessment only.[3] Based on studies of pulmonary function, it has recently been suggested that females may be more susceptible than males to the deleterious effects of smoking with regard to development of COPD.[4, 5] Several studies have demonstrated greater susceptibility among women to develop COPD by demonstrating larger reductions in FEV1, after adjustment for smoking intensity, among female smokers compared with male smokers. The aim of the present study was to determine whether gender difference is present in COPD and indirectly to determine if there is a difference in effect of smoking on different gender, using spirometric lung function.

[1]. Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163(5):1256-1276.
[2]. World Health Report. World Health Organisation. Geneva 2000.
[3]. Hoogendoorn M, Feenstra TL, Schermer TR, Hesselink AE, Rutten-van Molken MP. Severity distribution of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Dutch general practice. Respir Med 2006;100:83-6.
[4]. Xu X, Li B, Wang L. Gender difference in smoking effects on adult pulmonary function. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 477–483.
[5]. Chen Y, Home SL, Dosman JA. Increased susceptibility to lung dysfunction in female smokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 1224–1230.

Abstract: Tumors are classifying intwodifferent types-non-cancerous(benign)orcancerous(malignant), which the malignant tumorsare generallyclassifiedintomeningiomasand gliomas tumorsthatvariesintypes.Some tumoroccurrence are depend ontheareathatcellsarisesuchas oligodendrogliomas,ependymomasandastrocytomasoccurmostlyfromthemeninges,whichisouterpartofbrainand spinalcord.Eventhoughtheyariseoutsideofthebrainmeningiomasdonotbeconsideredasbraintumor,because85% ofmeningiomasarebenignandcancurebysurgery.Besidethethreementioned tumors meningiomas astrocytomas and glioblastomas mostly seen in adults,numberof uncommonbraintumorscontainingmedulloblastomathatarisefromthecerebellumof primitivestemcellsandmost seeninchildren.

Keywords: Benign,Gliomas,Glioblastomamultiform,Meningiomas,Astrocytomas,

[1]. Pelvig,DP;Pakkenberg,H;Stark,AK;Pakkenberg,B(2008)."Neocorticalglialcellnumbers in human brains". Neurobiologyof Aging29 (11): 1754–1762.
[2]. Parent,A;CarpenterMB(1995)."Ch.1".Carpenter'sHumanNeuroanatomy.Williams&Wilkins.ISBN978-0-683-06752-1.
[3]. Cosgrove,KP;MazureCM, StaleyJK (2007)."Evolvingknowledgeof sexdifferences in brainstructure, function, and chemistry". Biol Psychiat62 (8): 847–55.
[4]. C.DavisonAnkney (1992)."Sexdifferencesinrelativebrainsize:Themismeasureofwoman,too?". Intelligence16 (3–4): 329–336. doi:10.1016/0160-2896(92)90013-H
[5]. Gur RC, Turetsky BI, Matsui M, Yan M, Bilker W, Hughett P, Gur RE (1999). "Sex differencesinbraingrayandwhitematterinhealthyyoungadults:correlationswithcognitiveperformance". The Journal of Neuroscience19(10): 4065–72. PMID10234034

Abstract: Coronoplasty is the selective reduction of occlusal areas with the primary purpose influencing the mechanical contact, conditions & the neural patterns of sensory input. In addition to establishing an ideal occlusion, premature contacts & occluslal disharmonies are eliminated. It is believed that ideal occlusion permits functions that is physiologically compatible with the Periodontium, the TMJs & muscles of the mastication. Occlusal adjustment not only responsible for eliminating injurious occlusal forces, but an equally important to provide the functional stimulation necessary for the preservation of periodontal health. This paper addresses the procedures & importance of coronoplasty in periodontal therapy.

Keywords: Occlusion, Occlusal analysis, steps in coronoplasty.

[1]. page RC Ammons W & Schectman L personal communication 1970
[2]. Fermin J: Carranza Michael G.Newmann Clinical Periodontology 8th edition. W.B. Saunders 1999.
[3]. Ramford SP occlusion indent I : 20;1973
[4]. polson A M, the relative importance of plaque and occlusion in periodontal diseases J clin. P 13;923-927 1986
[5]. Burgett FG. Charbeneau T.D. Nissle RR et al. A randomized occlusal adjustment in periodontitis patients. Abstract 93,JDR 67,(special issue); 124,1988
[6]. Agar JP. Weller RN occlusal adjustment for initial adjustment and treatment of crack tooth syndrome journal of prost.dent 60; 145-147,1988

Abstract: In elderly age group metastasis to spine is a known occurrence and so is prevalence of Koch's spine in developing country like India where tuberculosis is a very common occurrence. Both have similar clinical and radiological occurrence. Hence it is must to have tissue diagnosis before executing the treatment. Here we present a very unusual presentation of adenocarcinoma of lungs with metastasis to spine and having striking clinical and radiological resemblance to tuberculosis

Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Tuberculosis, Spine, Metastasis.

[1]. Pandey M, Abraham E, Chandramohan K, Rajan B. Tuberculosis and metastatic carcinoma coexistence in axillary lymph node: A case report. World J Surg Oncol2003;1:3.
[2]. Kapoor SK, Garg V, Dhaon BK, Jindal M: Tuberculosis of the posterior vertebral elements: a rare cause of compression of the cauda equina. J Bone Joint Surg 87A: 391-394, 2005

[3]. J. F. Yegüez, S. A. Martinez, D. R. Sands, L. R. Sands, and M. D. Hellinger, "Colorectal malignancies in HIV-positive patients," American Surgeon, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 981–987, 2003.

[4]. Akbar M, Ayache A, Eichler M, Klotz M, Wiedenhöfer B, Lehner B. Management of spinal metastases, strategies and surgical indications. Orthopade. 2012;41(8):632–9.[PubMed]

[5]. Shiue K, Sahgal A, Chow E, et al. Management of metastatic spinal cord compression.Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2010;10(5):697–708. [PubMed]

Abstract: Aim: Saliva is necessary fluid for oral health. Medications, radiation therapy, and many systemic conditions decrease salivary function and increase patient's risk for caries and other oral infections. Palliative management of xerostomia includes wetting agents such as ice chips, increase water intake, lip balm, chewing sugarfree gums and saliva substitutes. Systemic agents stimulate salivary flow but often have unfavorable side effects. All have met with limited success. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) as a means of stimulating salivary function in these subjects. Materials and method: This study comprised of 30 patients who are known case of diabetics, taking antidepressant, or diuretic drug, under gone radiation therapy and postmenopausal women with decrease salivary secretions. Unstimulated saliva was collected for 5 minutes in beaker and measure. The TENS electrode pads were placed externally on the skin overlying the parotid glands. The TENS unit was then activated and stimulated saliva collected for an additional 5 minutes. Results: The mean value of unstimulated saliva is 2.343which increased after stimulation 3.053 with the difference of .71 showed significant increase (p < 0.001) in the salivary secretion after TENS stimulation. There were no adverse events observed after the use of TENS. Conclusion: The present study using TENS therapy has definitely shown encouraging results in increasing salivary secretion without any side effects.

Keywords: Unstimulated saliva, Stimulated saliva, TENS, hyposalivation

[1]. Hargitai IA, Sherman RG, Strother JM The effects of electrostimulation on parotid saliva flow: a pilot study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005 Mar;99(3):316-20
[2]. Gloria Lafaurie , Stefano Fedele, Rafael Martín-Granizo López et al .Biotechnological advances in neuro-electro-stimulation for the treatment of hyposalivation and xerostomia. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Feb 1;14 (2):E76-80
[3]. Weiss WW Jr. Use of an Electrical Stimulation in patient with dry mouth. J Oralmaxillo surg 1986 44;845-85

[4]. FP Strietzel, R Martı´n-Granizo, S Fedele L L, Russo, M Mignogna, PA Reichart, A Wolff. Electro stimulating device in the management of xerostomia. Oral Diseases (2007) 13, 206–213
[5]. Stefano fedele. Neuroelectrostimulation in Treatment of Hyposalivation and Xerostomia in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Salivary Pacemaker. The journal of rheumatologyJ Rheumatol August 2008 35(8):1489-1494
[6]. M. Steller, L. CHOU, T.E. Daniels. Electrical Stimulation of Salivary Flow in Patients with Sjogren's Syndrome. J Dent Res 67(10):1334-1337, October, 1988

Abstract: Think of the world without the color. Color can turn everything, even the unsightly, into a visual pleasure. Properly used, color creates atmosphere, defines space and proportion, establishes order and exudes emotion. To perceive all these one has to have the so-called color sense. (i.e. the ability to make the right color choice). Colored restoration or prostheses should impart the translucency and fluorescence of natural dentition, and reproduce the opacity and vitality of natural tooth structure. The practicing dentist apparently accommodates to the environmental influences of light and color in his surroundings to the extent that he is able to correct the color of the restoration or prosthesis to his own satisfaction and to that of his patients. In esthetic dentistry, the focus is on merging function and beauty with the values and the individual needs of the patient. The color of a restoration or prosthesis to surrounding teeth may be the only parameter of treatment with which the patient is concerned. It is often media driven and can result in a desire for excessively white and bright natural teeth that enhance the face, but do not attract unwarranted attention.

Keywords: chroma, color vision, eye, hue, light, color vision

[1] Brown WRJ. Color discrimination of twelve observers. J Opt Soc Am. 1957;47 (2):137-143.
[2] Wyszecki G, Fielder GH. Color-difference matches. J Opt Soc Am. 1971;61(11):1501- 1513.
[3] Culpepper WD. A comparative study of shade-matching procedures. J Prosthet Dent. 1970;24(2):166-173.
[4] Douglas RD, Brewer JD. Acceptability of shade differences in metal ceramic crowns. J Prosthet Dent. 1998;79(3):254-260.
[5] Johnston WM, Kao EC. Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res. 1989;68(5):819-822.
[6] Miller L. Organizing color in Dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;115: 26E-40E

Abstract: The study examined effect of processing methods on the mineral (iron, zinc, copper and calcium) composition of fluted pumpkin (Telferiaoccidentalis) leaf and the curd produced from the leaf. Fluted pumpkin leaf was divided into four (4) portions. One was shade-dried, another was sun-dried and the other was used to produce leaf curd. The last portion was not processed and served as the control. All the processed samples were milled to fine flour and analysed using standard assay methods. The results showed that the iron (Fe) levels of the samples ranged from 98.61-249.66 μg/g. The shade-dried sample had the least iron (98.61 μg/g) while the fresh pumpkin leaf had the highest (249.66 μg/g). Copper, zinc and calcium values followed the same trend as that of Fe. The fresh pumpkin leaves that had the highest iron also had the highest copper (200.28 μg/g), zinc (180.22 μg/g) and calcium (11.26 mg/100g) respectively. The copper content of dried leaf curd, shade-dried fluted pumpkin leaf and sun-dried fluted pumpkin leaves (38.68, 43.75 and 37.58 μg/g) were comparable (p>0.05). The fresh leaf curd had higher (p<0.05) zinc than the dried fluted pumpkin leaf (168.32 vs 56.64, 49.21 and 56.05 mg/g) respectively.These study have revealed the iron, zinc, copper and calciumcomposition of fluted pumpkin processed in different methods, hence, in this country and other developing countries where deficiency of these minerals are highly prevalent, it is advised that fresh Telferiaoccidentalisbe incorporated in their diet especially where it is readily available. Also government and agriculturist to make effort to increase the cultivation of this vegetable in other to improve the food security in the country.

Keywords: Processing Methods, iron, zinc, copper, calcium, Fluted Pumpkin,

[1]. Oguntona, T. And Oguntona, C.R.B. (1986). Proximate composition of three leafy vegetables consumed in Northeastern Nigeria. Paper presented at the 1st National Workshop of Food Composition, 1-5 April, 1986, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
[2]. Okoli, E.C., Nmorka, O.O. and Unegbu, (1988). Blanching and Storage of Some Nigerian Vegetables. Int. J. Fd. Sci. Tech. 23:639-641.
[3]. Fafunwa, M. and Bassir, O. (1977). Variations in the loss of vitamin in leafy vegetables with various methods of food preparation. Fd. Chem. 2: 51-55.
[4]. Oguntona, T., Oguntona, C.R.B. and Williams, L. (1989). Survey of food nutrient intake of Kanuri of Borno, Nigeria. Savanna. 10: 86-91.
[5]. Schmidt, D.T. (1971). Comparative yield and composition of eight tropical vegetables grown at two different fertility levels. Agron. J. 63: 546-550.

Abstract: Cervical spondylosis commonly presents with its classical symptoms of intermittent neck & shoulder pain, headache with or without neurological deficit. Syncope has been reported in a very few cases of cervical spondylosis. Although rare, syncope and vertigo whenever present in Cervical spondylosis is usually preceded by its classical symptoms. When a patient presents with syncope and vertigo in the absence of other classical symptoms of cervical spondylosis, it is difficult to consider the possibility of cervical spondylosis which may result in delayed diagnosis and further progression of disease. Here, we report a case of 55 years old man who presented to us with syncope and recurrent episodes of vertigo only which on work up was diagnosed as a case of cervical spondylosis. Keywords: Cervical spondylosis, syncope, vertigo, vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

[1]. D H Irvine, J B Foster, D J Newell, B N Klukvin. Prevalence of cervical spondylosis in a general practice. Lancet,14,1965, 1089-92
[2]. B M McCormack, P R Weinstein. Cervical spondylosis. An update. West J Med ,165(1-2),1996; : 43-51
[3]. T Brandt, R W Baloh. Rotational vertebral artery occlusion: a clinical entity or various syndromes, Neurology,65, 2005;:1156–7.
[4]. CFO Mahoney. Causes of balance disorders. Scotts Brown's Otolaryngology 2(6),1997
[5]. OGB Nwaorgu. Nigerian Journal of Medicine ,12(3),2003
[6]. M Mazloum,F Samini. Evaluation of the results of surgical and medicaltreatment in 16 patients with vertigo secondary tocervical spondylosis Medical Journal of Islamic Republic of Iran 2006,20(2) [7]. M Wilkinson. Practitioner 1970; 204

Abstract: Back ground: Era of contraception, abortions, [20th, 21st centuries] witnessed, global epidemic of degenerative diseases, auto immune diseases, neoplasms and rise in infectious diseases. Rise in environmental estrogen was documented. Objectives: Altruistic association of contraception [if any], with increasing degenerative, auto immune, infectious diseases and neoplasms was sought after; effects of contraception reversal on recovery of diseases was sought after as cause and effect phenomenon; Aborted blood, contraceptive menstrual blood pollution evidenced by rise in environmental estrogen favoring microbial growth, virulence, infectious diseases needed to be confirmed Methods: In 2012, retrospective analysis of data of various diseases in 350 patients of 20-35 years, 36-50 years, >50 years age groups, collected by convenient, stratified random sampling, from different geographical locations, from 2003-2012 and association with presence, absence of contraception, abortion was undertaken; simultaneously, serum estrogen levels obtained from 105 patients, was also analyzed;. The effect of contraception reversal including tubal recanalisation among 37 patients could be analyzed in relation to recovery of diseases though only 3 patients' estrogen levels could be estimated after reversal. 4sea water samples, 3 river water samples were analyzed for estrogen levels. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was attempted in sea water to identify fetal, adult hemoglobin.

Keywords: Contraception reversal, regression of metabolic syndrome, Fragmented germ cells, autologous germ cell replantation, Restoration of endogenous estrogen, rising environmental estrogen

[1]. Alvin C Powers: Diabetes Mellitus; Harrison`s Principles of Internal Medicine 18th edition,2012, ,volume-2, pages-2968-2970,2973
[2]. Theodore A Kotchen: Systemic Hypertension; Harrison`s Principles of Internal Medicine 18th edition, 2012, volume-2,pages-2042,2043
[3]. Newby D E; Grubb N R ;Bradbury A :Cardiovascular diseases; Davidson`s Principles and practice of Medicine 21st edition ,2010,page-606
[4]. Dark G G, Abdul Razak A R :Oncology; Davidson`s Principles and Practice of Medicine,21st edition, 2010, page 258
[5]. Christopher P .Cannon, Eugene Braun Wald:- Unstable Angina and Non ST elevation Myocardial Infarction; Harrison`s Principles of Internal Medicine-17th edition :Vol.2,page1527
[6]. Bruce C. Gilliland-Systemic Sclerosis-Chromatid breaks, ring chromosomes, acentric fragments page1429: Harrison`s Principles of Internal Medicine-vol.2-11th.edition