iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2014

Abstract: route of delivery for term breech presentation either by abdominal route or vaginally is a dilemma in obstetric practice. To asses mode of delivery influencing on neonatal outcome,We conducted a prospective study done in department of obstetrics and gynecology at mandya institute of medical sciences for one and half years. Out of 273 term breech presentations 134 met our criteria. 72.3% had successful assisted breech delivery. vaginal breech delivery was associated with significantly low Apgar score(<7) at birth,compared to caesarean births. There is no significant difference in neonatal mortality or maternal mortality between two groups. Assisted breech delivery can be a route of choice in selected patients in a low resource set up.

[1]. hickok DE, Gordon DC ,Milberg JA, Williams MA, Daling JR. the frequency of breech presentation by gestational age at birth; a large population based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol1992; 166; 851-52.
[2]. mary E Hannah, walter J Hannah, Sheila A Hewson, Ellen D Hodnett, Saroj saigal,Andrew r willan, planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term ; a randomized multicentre trial. The lancet .2000. vol 356. 1375-83
[3]. Kumari As., Grundsell H (2004); mode of delivery for breech presentation in grandmultiparous women. Int J Gynecol Obstet 85; 234-39
[4]. Alarab M ,Regan C, O Connell M , Keane DP, O herlihy c, Foley ME (2004); singleton vaginal breech delivery at term ; still a safe option. Obstet Gynecol 103; 407-12

[5]. Doyle NM, RiggsJW, Ramin SM, Sosa MA, Gilstrap LC 3rd (2005); outcomes of vaginal breech delivery Am J perinatal ;22(6);325-28.

Abstract: A succenturiate lobe is a variation in placental morphology and refers to a smaller accessory placental lobe that is separate to the main disc of the placenta. There can be more than onesuccenturiate lobe. Here we present a case report on succenturiate lobe of placenta presenting as Antepartum haemorrhage.

Key words: Antepartum haemorrhage, bilobate, placenta ,postpartumhaemorrhage, succenturiate

[1]. Jeanty P, Kirkpatrick C , Verhoogen C, Struyven J; The Succenturiate Placenta; J Ultrasound Med 2, 9-12, January 1983
[2]. Gloria Valero, MD, Philippe Jeanty, MD,PhD, Succenturiate and bilobate placenta.2000-09-02-18 www.thefetus.net.
[3]. Nelson LH, Fishburne JI, Stearns BR; Ultrasonographic description of succenturiate placenta; obstetgynecol 1977 jan;49(1 suppl):79-80
[4]. Chihara H et al, Prenatal diagnosis of succenturiate lobe by ultrasonography and colour imaging. Arch GynecolObstet 2000 feb;263(3):137-8
[5]. Angtuaco TL, Boyd CM, Marks SR, Quirk JG , Galwas B Sonographic diagnosis of the bilobate placenta. J Ultrasound Med 1986 Nov;5(11):672-4

Abstract: Phytochemical constituents and the hypoglycemic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) was investigated in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, phlobotanins, terpenes and emodols in both extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Murraya koeniqii administered orally at a dose level of 400mg/kg body weight for four weeks showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the blood glucose levels of the alloxan induced treated rats when compared with the induced non treated rats. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the hypoglycemic activity and weight of the animals treated with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Murraya koeniqii when compared with animals in the control group (metformin). However, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in weight (g) for the untreated rats was observed. The ethanolic extract showed a better hypoglycemic activity, but the statistical analysis shows no difference. This study reveals the antidiabetic potentials of Murraya Koenigii extracts. Thus, its extract can be further processed for drug development.

Keywords: Hypoglycemic, alloxan, phytochemical screening, Murraya koenigii.

[1]. ADA (2010).America Diabetes Association Diabetes care 33, S1 S62-69.
[2]. Ahmed, E., Nour, B., Mohamed, Y. and Khalid, H.S. (2010). Antiplasmodial activity of some plant. Journal of environmental health research. 4(4)1-6.
[3]. Akindele, A.J., and Adeyemi, O.O. (2007) Anti‐inflammatory activity of the aqueous leaf extracts of Byrsocarpus coccineus. Fitoterapia. 78: 25‐28.
[4]. Akiyama, H., Fuji, K., Yamasaki, O., and Oono, T. (2001). ''Antibacterial action of several tannin against staphlococos aureus. Journal of antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 48 (4):487 – 91
[5]. Arulselvan, P., and Subramanian, S. (2008). Ultra-structural and Biochemical Abnormalities in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats: protective effects of Murraya Koenigii. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological methods 3(3):190-202.

Abstract: Objective:1)To study the outcome of microsurgical tubal recanalisation. 2) To analyse the various factors affecting the pregnancy rate following microsurgical tubal recanalisation. Method: It is a retrospective clinical study conducted on 45 women who underwent microsurgical tubal recanalisation at Adichunchangiri institute of medical sciences from January 2006 to June 2013. Results: The overall pregnancy rate after microsurgical tubal anastomosis was 55.5% with 72% of live birth rate. Loss of only child was the main reason for requesting sterilisation reversal. Pregnancy rate was noted to be significantly more statistically in women aged <30 years, interval between sterilisation and reversal of <2 years, when post reversal tubal length >5cm and isthmo-isthmic type of anastomosis. Though the pregnancy rate was more 62.9% in women who underwent reversal after laparoscopic sterilisation when compared to Pomeroy's method 44.4% there was no stastistical significance. Conclusion: Microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilisation is a good option for patients who want a child for various reasons after tubal sterilization and cannot afford IVF. Those with least amount of tubal destruction had better chances of pregnancy. Laparoscopic sterilisation should be preferred during sterilisation procedure, ligation should be done at isthmus and good length of tube preserved .

Key words: Tubal recanalisation,reversal,pregnancy rat

[1]. India and Family planning-An overview Department of Family and Community Health, World Health Organization, 2009-11-25
[2]. Michael J. Slowey, Charles C. Coddington. Microsurgical tubal anastomoses performed as an outpatient procedure. Fertility and sterility 1998;69:492-5
[3]. Novy MJ. Tubal Surgery or IVF-making the best choice in the 1990s. Int J Fertility 1995; 40:291-302
[4]. Kim S H, Shin C J, Kim J G et al.Microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization.Fertility sterility 1997 Nov;68:865-70
[5]. Jayakrishnan K and Baheti .Laparoscopic Tubal sterilization reversal and fertility outcome. J of Human Reproductive sciences Sep-Dec 2012; 4(3):125-29

Abstract: Background: Within any defined diseased group, the relationship between pulmonary function impairment and dyspnoea is reasonably close. This study was conducted to assess the relation of the different grades of dyspnoea to the pulmonary function and quantify breathlessness. Aim: This study was aimed to identify severity of dyspnoea and to establish a correlation with functional lung impairment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 patients with complaints of dyspnoea, attending the outdoor department and indoor ward of respiratory medicine, RIMS Imphal. The patients were graded according to Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Dyspnoea Scale. Lung function test was performed by spirometry and Forced Vital capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Forced Expiration Flow rate (FEF25-75%) were studied. Result: There is a statistically significant reduction in FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75% as the grading of dyspnoea increases from grade 0 to grade IV. Conclusion: The deterioration in lung function parameters is directly related to the severity of dyspnoea as graded by MMRC dyspnoea scale. There is a strong correlation between the indirect (MMRC) and direct (spirometric values) evaluation of dyspnoea.

Keywords: dyspnoea, spirometry, Forced Vital capacity, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75%

[1]. StulbergMS,Adams L. Manisfestation of Respiratory disease : Dyspnea. In : Murray JR, Mason RJ, BoushayJr HA, Nadel JA, editors. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders Company 2000; p.541-52.
[2]. Tessier JF, Nejjari C, Letennuer L, Filluel M, Mraty P, Gateau B, Dartigeus JF. Dyspnea and 8 year old mortality among elderly men and women : the PIQUID cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2001; 17:223-29.
[3]. Paula M, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, Altose MD, Murray D, Bresli EA et al. Dyspnea : mechanism, assessment and management; A consensus statement. Am J Respir 1999;159:321-40.
[4]. Freedman S, Lane R, Guz A. Breathlessness and respiratory mechanism during reflex and voluntary hyperventilation in patients with chronic airflow limitation. ClinSci 1987;73:311-18.
[5]. NK Burki. Acute dyspnea.Is the cause cardiac or pulmonary or both?www.consultant360.com.2012;52(11).
[6]. H Kenneth Walker, W Dallas Hall, J Wallis. Cilnical Methods: The history, physical and laboratory examination.3rd Ed.1990;201-44.

Abstract: Objective: Depression is a common psychiatric illness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It has been shown to affect morbidity & mortality in these patients. This study was done to determine the prevalence of depression in CKD patients. Method: This cross sectional study was done in DMIMS university, Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital located in central india is a tertiary hospital. A self administered Zung questionnaire was administered. This questionnaire has 20 questions with an individual scoring to each question. Individuals with a total score of 50 are considered depressed & score above 70 indicates severe depression. Results: Thirty (30) patients of CKD with or without dialysis & 14 controls were interviewed. There were 12 (85%) males & 2 (15%) females. All were age matched. The prevalence of depression among CKD patients was 96.66% while for control group was 5% (P<0.00). Further analysis revealed that CKD patients who were not on dialysis were more depressed than the patients who were on dialysis treatment. The mean Zung score in pre dialysis patients was 61.47 ± 3.95 versus ESRD patients on dialysis which was 56.30 ±3.79 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among our patients with CKD. We opine that along with other management of CKD symptoms of depression should be targeted & should be considered for treatment.

Key Words: CKD, depression, Zung depression scale, pre-dialysis.

[1]. Kimmel PL,Levy NB, Psychology and rehabilitation. In:Daugirdas JT, Blake PG, Ing TS,editor. Handbook of diaysis, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2001;413-419.
[2]. Hedayati SS, Finkelstein FO. Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of depressionin patients with CKD.Am J Kidney Dis 2009;54:741-52.
[3]. Kimmel PL,Peterson RA. Depression in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis:Has the time to treat arrived. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;I:349-52.
[4]. Watnick S,Kirwin P,Mahnensmith R,Concato J. The prevalence and treatment of depression among patients starting dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis 2003,41:105-10.

Abstract: Introduction: The presence of virulence genes such assitC andfliC are known among Salmonella serovars of clinical interest. The common sources of Salmonella include dairy products, beef, poultry, eggs and vegetables. This study was aimed at identifying salmonella using 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16SrRNA), andsitCand fliCvirulence genes in raw meat samples commonly sold in open market place genotypically with PCR methods. Methods: The study observed the presence of Salmonella isolated from 124 raw meat samples using conventional phenotypic methods and analysing for presence of sitCand fliCvirulence genes. For molecular analysis, the 16S rRNAs of strains of Salmonella were used to confirm the result of the conventional method. DNA extraction and quantification was carried out followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The PCR products were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Result: A total of 124 isolates were collected from animal sources. Of the 124 samples, 30 Salmonella isolates were positive after repeated sub culturing, biochemical and serological tests. Nineteen (63%) of the 30 isolates were positive for16SrRNAs, five (17%) for sitC while thefliC was negative. Conclusion: The PCR assay has proven to an efficient method for the identification of virulence genes in Salmonellaserovars. The presence of 16SrRNAs andsitC genes showed availability of the virulence genes in retailed raw meat samples commonly sold in Nigeria. More studies are required to track virulence factors among Salmonella isolates in Nigeria.

Keywords: Genes, Nigeria, PCR, Salmonella, Virulence

[1]. E. Galanis, M.A.Danilo, F.L. Wong, M.E. Patrick, N.Binsztein, A.Cieslik, T.Chalermchaikit,A.Aidara-Kane, A.Ellis, F.J.Angulo, H.C. Wegener (2006). Web-basedsurveillance and global Salmonella distribution, 2000-2002. Emerging. Infectious Disease, 12(3),2006, 381-388

[2]. N.D. Cohen , L.H. Neibergs, D.E. McGruder, W.H. Whitford, W.R. Behle, M.P. Ray, and M.B. Hargis (1993). Genus-specific detection of Salmonellae using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5,1993, 368-371. [3]. C. Magistral, M.A. Dionisi, P. De Curtis , L. Cucco, O.Vischi , S. Scuota, A. Zicavo, andG. Pezzotti. Contamination of Salmonella spp in a pig finishing herd, from the arrival of the animals to the slaughterhouse. Research in Veterinary Science, 85, 2008, 204-207.

[4]. A. Bennasar, G. de Luna, B. Cabrer, andJ.Lalucat. Rapid identification of Salmonellatyphimurium, S.Enterica and S. Virchov isolates by polymerase chain reaction based fingerprinting methods. International Microbiology, 3, 2000, 31-38

[5]. L. Settanni, and A. Corsetti The use of multiplex PCR to detect and differentiate food and beverage-associated microorganisms: a review Journal of Microbiological Methods, 69(1), 2007, 1-22.

Abstract: Background:This study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition prediction methods on Gulbarga population. Mesiodistal tooth dimensions of four mandibular incisors, maxillary and mandibular canines and premolar teeth were measured using a digital VernierCalipers calibrated to the nearest of 0.01mm from study models representing 50 male and 50 female of Gulbarga subjects. The actual measurements were then compared with the predicted values derived from Tanaka Johnston equation. Correlation and regression analysis were performed between the predicted and actual tooth size for Gulbarga subjects and standard regression equations were developed. Objectives:To test the reliability of Tanaka Johnston mixed dentition space analysis in Gulbarga population. To determine, if any, sexual dimorphism with respect to Tanaka Johnston mixed dentition analysis. Materials and Methods: The mesiodistal dimensions of teeth on study casts of 13-16 years (50 males and 50 females were selected) from Gulbarga population were measured. The actual tooth measurements were then compared with predicted values using the Tanaka Johnston equations.

Keywords: Digital VernierCallipers,Mesiodistal dimensions of teeth on study casts, Tanaka Johnston mixed dentition analysis.

[1]. Profitt W R, Fields H W. Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd edition. St. Louis: Mosby Inc., 2000: 165 -70.
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[3]. Bull R L. Radiographic method to estimate the mesiodistal dimension of unerupted teeth. Am J Orthod 1959; 45:711-712
[4]. Huckaba G W. Arch size analysis and tooth size prediction. Dent Clin North Am 1964; 43:431-40.
[5]. Tanaka M M, Johnston L E. The prediction of the size of unerupted canine and premolars in a contemporary orthodontic population. J Am Dent Assoc 1974; 88: 798-801

Abstract: Aims & Objectives: Atypical and malignant meningiomas are uncommon tumors with aggressive behavior and higher mortality, morbidity, and recurrence compared with benign tumors. We report a case report of malignant meningioma. Materials & Methods: A 53 year old male patient, presented with history large ulcerative swelling over the scalp for the past 5 years, with complaints of altered and aggressive behaviour and headache. Patient gives history of operation for benign meningioma 4 years back.Patient underwent MRI & CT Brain plain and contrast. Result: Patient underwent MRI & CT Brain plain and contrast, showed a large heterogeneously enhancing extraxial mass lesion with irregular margins ,significant extracalvarial spread and mushrooming into the brain parenchyma in the temporal & parietal regions. The lesion showed intratumoral cysts within it. On MRS significant choline,lipid and lactate peaks with near total dampening of NAA, Cr , MI peaks. The mean ADC values were (0.5 - 0.8 × 10−3 mm2/s) was suggesting a high grade cellular lesion. Conclusion: Anaplastic or malignant meningioma (MMen) corresponds histologically to WHO grade III. Frankly malignant meningiomas are rare, representing only 1-3% of all meningiomas. MMens have a striking male predominance. The imaging triad of extracranial mass, osteolysis, and "mushrooming" intracranial tumor is present in most but not all cases of Malignant meningiomas.

Key-words: Malignant meningioma, mushrooming,extra-axial

[1]. Buetow M., Buetow P., Smirniotopoulos J. Typical, Atypical, and Misleading Features in Meningioma. RadioGraphics 1991; 11:1087-1 106.
[2]. Nagar VA, Ye JR, Ng WH, et al. Diffusion weighted MR imaging:diagnosing atypical or malignant meningiomas and detecting tumordedifferentiation. AJNR 2008; 29:1147-1152
[3]. Modha A, Gutin PH. Diagnosis and treatment of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas: a review. Neurosurgery 2005;57:538-50
[4]. Lee JH. Meningiomas, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcome. Springer Verlag. (2009) ISBN:1848829108
[5]. Grossman RI, Yousem DM. Neuroradiology, the requisites. Mosby Inc. (2003) ISBN:032300508X
[6]. Herrmann A et al: Proteomic data in meningiomas: postproteomic analysis can reveal novel pathophysiological pathways. J Neurooncol. 104(2):401-10, 2011

Abstract: The introduction of local anesthetics revolutionized the practice of dentistry. Prior to their introduction, general anesthesia was the only viable method of managing surgical pain. Among various local anesthetics available in India, lidocaine is most widely used. But lidocaine cannot provide 100% anesthesia, this leads to development of other anesthetics, one such is articaine. However, little to no evidence-based medicine exists demonstrating any superiority of articaine over other available local anesthetics. However dentists in clinical practice have claimed that articaine possesses properties that other local anesthetics don't.

Keywords: anesthesia, articaine, lidocaine

[1]. Malamed SF. Local Anesthetics: Dentistry's Most Important Drugs, Clinical Update, CDA journal 2006:34;971-976.
[2]. Jastak JT, Yagiela JA, Donaldson D. Local anesthesia of the oral cavity. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1995.
[3]. Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mosby; 1997.
[4]. Malamed SF, Gagnon S, Leblanc D. Efficacy of articaine: A new amide local anesthetic. J Am Dent Assoc 2000;131:635-642.
[5]. Oertel R, Richter K. Plasma protein binding of the local anaesthetic drug articaine and its metabolite articainic acid. Pharmazie 1998;53:646-647.

Abstract: Background: The nose morphology is unique to individual and so, the nose form that will portray an individual sex and beauty is desirable in surgical reconstructions, beauty competition and in forensic medicine for sexual identification of unknown persons.
Aim: To determine sexual dimorphism among Nigerians using nasal morphology.
Methodology: Eight hundred and ninety three volunteers (428 males and 465 females) within the age range of 18 to 35 years were recruited for the study. Data were obtained from them using standard anthropometric methods and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 17.0) computer soft ware. Values were expressed as mean standard deviation (SD) and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Male to female ratio was 1:1.1, mean age for male was 26.48± 4.86 and female was 26.31±4.85. Mean BMI was 22.37± 1.73kgm2 for males and 22.21±1.71 for females. All nasal parameters obtained were found higher in males than in females.
Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism exist in nasal morphology and so, Otolaryngologist and Plastic Surgeons should take this into consideration when planning for cosmetic rhinoplasty.
Key words: Sexual, Dimorphism, Nasal, Morphology, Rhinoplasty.

[1]. Omotoso OO, Oludira N, Sakpa CL. Nasofacial Anthropometry of Adult Bini Tribe In Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2011; 3: 612-792
[2]. Ogah SA, Ologe FE, Dunmade AD, Lawal IA. Nasal Index as seen at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. July 2014; 2(7):9-13
[3]. Ghosh S, Malik SL. Sex differences in body size and shape among Santhals of West Bengal. Anthropol 2007; 9:143-9.
[4]. Lili D, Ziqing Z, Hongyu G, Xing J, Tang X, Wang L et al. Head-and-Face Anthropometric Survey of Chinese Workers. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2008; 8: 773-782
[5]. Shrestha O, Bhattacharya SI, Jha N, Dhungel S, Jha CB, Shrestha S et al. Cranio-facial anthropometric measurments among Rai and Limbu community of Sunsari District, Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J. 2009; 3: 183-185

Abstract: The comparative effects of ethanol leaf-extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica on catalases and reduced glutathione in albino rats were conducted through spectrophotometric methods. The animals were grouped into seven (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) containing six albino rats each. The leaf-extract of Azadirachta indica at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weights was administered for two weeks to animals in groups A, B and C respectively, with corresponding concentrations of Vernonia amygdalina extract given to animals in groups D, E, and F through oral intubation, while those in group G (control) received 0mg/kg body weight of the extract. Blood samples were collected on the fifteenth day following the last day of administration. The serum catalase activities (u/mg of protein) for the groups that received leaf-extracts of Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina were reduced significantly (p<0.05) at 600mg/kg as they recorded 3.07 ± 0.185 and 2.53 ± 0.256 respectively while the control group gave 6.11 ± 0.149. At 200mg/kg, the extract from Azadirachta indica did not show any significant (p>0.05) increase while that of Vernonia amygdalina showed significantly (p<0.05) greater elevations of reduced glutathione concentrations at all the stipulated doses. The extract from Azadirachta indica reduced the catalase activities significantly at 400 and 600mg/kg body weight, while that of Vernonia amygdalina significantly reduced the catalase activities at all the stipulated doses. The results showed that the extract of Vernonia amygdalina was more effective as an anti-oxidant agent than Azadirachta indica extract.

Key words: Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica, catalases, reduced glutathione, albino rats

[1]. Adaramoye, O. A., Nwaneri, V.O., Anyanwu, K. C. (2005). Possible anti-atherogenic effect of kolaviron (a Garcinia kola seed
extract) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Clinical Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 32; 40–46.
[2]. Andrews, D.S. and Fatt, C. (2002). The typical evergreen plant of India "Dogonyaro". Journal of Biological Science, 61; 34 – 40.
[3]. Arun, R., Susri, R.C., Biswajit, M. and Sandip, K. B. (2002). Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of rhizome of Picrorhiza kurroa
on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer during healing. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 17 (2); 44-51.
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eradication on gastric juice ascorbic acid. Gut, 35; 317-322.
[5]. Bergman, K. N. (2000) Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Journal of Cholesterolemia, 3: 220-224.

Abstract: This is a retrospective case series of 24 patients who underwent surgical excision for histopathologically proven cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) at a tertiary care center over a period of two years. The commonest age group involved was 50-60 years (83.3%).Males and females were affected in equal proportion. All patients presented with a growth in the conjunctiva. Impression cytology whenever available was correlated with histopathology(100%).Systemic predisposing factors included xeroderma pigmentosa in one patient(4.16%) and AIDS in two patients(8.33%).Recurrence was found in two patients(8.33%),of which one was managed successfully with topical mitomycin and the other with resurgery.In OSSN,early and prompt surgical intervention is frequently curative.

Key words: Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia, Impression cytology, Conjuctival growth

[1]. Lee GA, Hirst LW.Ocular surface squamous neoplasia.Surv Ophthalmol.1995; 39:429-50.
[2]. Lee GA, Hirst LW.Incidence of ocular surface epithelial dysplasia in metropolitan Brisbane: a 10 year survey. Arch Ophthalmol.1992; 110:525-27.
[3]. Kim BH, Kim MK, Wee WR, et al. Clinical and pathological characteristics of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in an Asian population. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013 Nov; 251(11):2569-73.
[4]. Kao AA, Galor A, Karp CL, et al. Clinicopathologic correlation of ocular surface squamous neoplasms at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute: 2001 to 2010.Ophthalmology. 2012 Sep; 119(9):1773-6.
[5]. Tiong T, Borooah S, Msosa J, et al. Clinicopathological review of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Malawi.Br J Ophthalmol. 2013 Aug; 97(8):961-4.

Abstract: Supernumerary teeth can present in various forms and in any region of the mandible or maxilla, but have a predisposition for the anterior maxilla. It is a developmental anomaly and has been argued to arise from multiple etiologies. A hyperactive dental lamina where the localized and independent hyperactivity of dental lamina is the most accepted cause for the development of the supernumerary teeth; it is suggested that supernumerary teeth are formed as a result of local, independent, conditioned hyperactivity of the dental lamina. These teeth may remain embedded in the alveolar bone or can erupt into the oral cavity. When it remains embedded, it may cause disturbance to the developing teeth. Supernumerary teeth when present can cause both esthetic and pathologic problems. Supernumerary teeth in the maxillary midline are common. Early detection of such teeth is most important if complications are to be avoided. This report presents a case of a 12 year old girl with two impacted supernumerary tooth in the maxillary anterior region. The impacted supernumerary teeth were surgically removed.

Key words: Maxillary central incisor, Mesiodens, Supernumerary tooth

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