iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2015

Abstract:Background: As HIV is the world´s infectious killer and the Guntur District belong to Andhra Pradesh, India categorized as "A" basing on the high antenatal prevalence for the last two years by NACO (National Aids Control Organization), India has to be given priority to study regarding HIV positives. Objectives: 1. to know the socio demographic profiles of HIV positives attending Government General Hospital, Guntur. 2. To study the health status of HIV positives. Study Design: It is a cross-sectional study. Study Area: STD OP of Government General Hospital Guntur, AdhraPradesh. Study Subjects: HIV positive persons attending STD O.P of Government General Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.

[1]. Lederburg J, Slope RE, Oake SC; Eds, Emerging infections; Microbial Threat to Health in the United States, Washington DC; National Academy of Sciences, 1992.
[2]. WHO (1986), Techn, Rep. Ser. 736.
[3]. Global statistics- AIDS.gov; Information from WHO, UNAIDS and the Kaiser family Foundation´s Global Health policy Division, Nov13, 2014.
[4]. World Aids Day 2013-HIV and AIDS in India, Nirmalya Dutta, Nov 29, 2013.
[5]. HIV/AIDS situation and response in Guntur District; Epidemiological appraisal using data triangulation by Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad. July 2010. Collaborators; DAPCU, Guntur, APSACS, Hyderabad. NACO, New Delhi.
[6]. Govt. of India (2006), strategy and implementation on plan, National Aids control programme phase III (2007-12), NACO, Ministry of Health and family welfare, New Delhi.
[7]. Mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Indian Journal of Dermotol Venereol Leprol, March-April 2004, Vol 70. Issue 2- conducted by A. Shobhana et.al

Abstract:Autoimmune vesicobullous disorders in dermatology are numerous ,the diagnosis can be helped by determining morphology of lesion, age group affected , histopathology and immunoflourescence(IF ) . Aim: The aim is to study histopathology of various Autoimmune vesicobullous disorders and its correlation with IF studies in patients attending DVL department, Guntur medical college. Material & Methods : A total of 46 patients of various bullous disorders attending to department of DVL in one & half year period from January 2013 to july 2014 were analysed. of these females (29), males (17), and (3) were children .The clinical features and histopathology were correlated with direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings.

[1]. 1.Mahmood T, Haroon TS.patterns of direct immunofluorescence in sub epidermal vesicobullous lesions of skin in lahore, pakistan. J Pak assoc Dermatol 2003;13;67-71.
[2]. 2.Inchara yk, Rajalakshmi T. Direct immunofluorescence in cutaneous vesicobullous lesions.Indian J Pathol microbiol 2007;50:730-2.
[3]. 3.Mutasim DF, Adams BB. Immunofluorescence in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:803-22.
[4]. 4.Huilgol sc, Bhogal BS, Black MM. Immunofluorescence of the immunobullous disorders part one: Methodology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1995;61:187-95.
[5]. 5.Lebe B, Gul Niflioglu G, Seyrek S, Ellidokuz H. Evaluation of clinical and histopathologic/direct immunofluorescence diagnosis in autoimmune vesicobullous dermatitis. Utility of direct immunofluorescence . Turk Patoloji Derg 2012;28:11-6.
[6]. 6.Minz RW, Chhabra s, Singh S, Radotra BD, Kumar B.Direct immunofluorescence of skin biopsy: perspective of an immunopathologist . Indian J Dermatol Venerol Leprol 2010;76:150-7.

Abstract:Context: To identify various causes, risk factors, age and sex distribution associated with sudden and unexpected natural deaths (SUNDs) in adults of aged above 18 years. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, cross sectional analysis of autopsy reports, inquest reports and medical records of all SUNDs that occurred instantaneously or within 24 hours of onset of symptoms from July 2013 to July 2014.

[1]. P V Guharaj.Forensic Medicine,2nd ed.Hyderabad.Universites Press (India) Private Limited;2009.p 74
[2]. K S Narayan Reddy.The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,29th ed.Hyderabad.K Suguna Devi;2010.p 136. [3]. Meyer L,Stubbs B et al. Incidence, causes, and survival trends from cardiovascular-related sudden cardiac arrest in children and young adults 0 to 35 years of age: a 30-year review. Circulation. 2012 Sep 11;126(11):1363-72. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.076810. Epub 2012 Aug 10
[4]. Myerburg R, Castellanos A. Braunwald's heart disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007.
[5]. Morentin B, Audicana A. Estudio poblacional de la muerte súbita cardiovascular extrahospitalaria: incidencia y causas de muerte en adultos de edad mediana. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011; 64:28-34.
[6]. Hill SF, Sheppard M.N. Non-atherosclerotic coronary artery disease associated with sudden cardiac death. Heart. 2010; 96:1119-25.

Abstract: Orbital fractures are one of the most commonly seen facial fractures, caused by blunt trauma in road traffic accicents. The floor of the orbit gets affected more commonly than the other walls. Patients usually complain of enophthalmus or diplopia. In certain cases, medical management would suffice but in most situations, surgical management becomes mandatory to prevent loss of vision for the patient. Auto genous grafts and allografts can be used. The latter is preferred. Recently, resorbable plates and mesh are used and has proven to be successful.

Keywords: Orbital fractures, Enophthalmus, Resorbable mesh, Orbital floor fractures.

[1]. Lelli G, Milite J, Maher E. Orbital floor fractures: evaluation, indications, approach and pearls from an ophthalmologist's perspective. Facial Plast Surg. 2007;23(3):190–199.
[2]. Nesrin TAN BASER et al: clinical management and reconstruction of isolated orbital floor fractures: the role of computed tomography during preoperative evaluation. Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery: 2011;17 (6):545-553.
[3]. Orbital trauma: The blow-out fracture by Feharzad Hussain Zubair, Mohammed Touseef, University of Glasgow.
[4]. Harris GJ, Garcia GH, Logani SC, Murphy ML, Sheth BP, Seth AK. Orbital blow-out fractures: correlation of preoperative computed tomography and postoperative ocular motility. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1998;96:329-53.
[5]. Courtney DJ, Thomas S. Isolated orbital blow out fractures: survey and review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;496-502.

Abstract:Cancer of the breast among men is rare, accounting for less than one percent of cancer incidence and mortality in this sex group.It accounts for 0.2% of all cancers, and 1% of all breast cancers. The peak age of onset is 67-71 years old which is much later compared to women. Several risk factors have been identified, such as genetic and hormonal abnormalities.Diagnosis and treatment of male breast carcinoma (MBC) is similar to that of female patients, but men tend to be treated with mastectomy rather than breastconserving surgery. We present a case of male breast carcinoma in a 48 year old man with no obvious risk factors and who underwent a modified radical mastectomy and subsequent chemotherapy.

[1]. Marcelo Madeira, Andre Mattar, Rodrigo Jose Barata Passos, et al.A Case Report of Male Breast Cancer in a Very Young Patient: What Is Changing?. World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2011: 9:16.
[2]. Melenhorst J, Berlo C, Nijhuis PH. Simultaneous Bilateral Breast Cancer in a Male: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Acta chir belg, 2005; 105 : 531-532.
[3]. Joshua Chern, Lydia Liao, Raymond Baraldi, Elizabeth Tinney, Karen Hendershott, and Pauline Germaine. Case Report: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in the Male Breast. Case reports in Radiology, Hindawi Publication. 2012, Article ID 532527, 2 pages.
[4]. Schneider S and Sariego J. Male Breast Cancer Presenting as an Axillary Mass: A Case Report and Literature Review. Southern Medical Journal. 2009; 102(7), 736-737.
[5]. Kao L, Bulkin Y, Fineberg S, Montgomery L, Koenigsberg T. A Case Report: Lobular Carcinoma In Situ in a Male Patient with Subsequent Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Identified on Screening Breast MRI. Journal of Cancer 2012;3:226-230.
[6]. Mahalingam SB, Mahalingam K, et al. Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma in a Male Breast: A Case Report. Journal of Clinical Oncology, August 20, 2011;Vol. 29 no.24 e682-e684.

Abstract: Cigarette smoking is a major and the single most modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease. Cigarette smoking increases risk 2 to 3 fold and interacts with other risk factors to multiply risk. The overall examination of the incidence, prevalance, mortality, natural history and risk factors of coronary heart disease suggests the greatest benefits will be from a preventive approach. Present study is done to assess the risk of coronary heart disease in people who are smoking along with other risk factors like obesity , hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

[1]. Christopher Hoslett, Edwin R. Chilvers, Nicholas A. Boon, Nicki R. Colledge, John A. A. Hunter. Davidson, 19th Edition, pp. 422 - 424.
[2]. National Centre for Health Statistics, U. S., 1993 - 1997.http//www.cdc.gov/nchswww.
[3]. Rose, G., Wilhelmsen. L., Grundy, S. M. et. al. CHD in High Risk Populations. Eur Heart, J. 1990, 11 : 462 - 471.
[4]. Ockene, I. S., Miller, N. H. Cigerette Smoking, CVD & Stroke Circulation. 1997, 96 : 3243 - 3247.
[5]. Celermajer, D. S. Sorensen, K. E. Georgakopoulos, D. et al. Smoking - Impairment of Endothelium. Circulation. 1993, 88 : 2143 - 2155.

Abstract:most products for dental applications are produced from acrylic resins based on heat –cured poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA).The aim of this study was to improve the hydrophobicity and reduce adherence of heat cure acrylic resin by addition of organic micro structured antibacterial agents.Organic micro structured anti microbial siwak powder was added to acrylic resin denture base in 3 different concentrations (G2:3%,G3:5% and G4:7%) ,G1:0% represent the control group devoid of siwak addition. The effect of organic additive on bacterial adherence to acrylic resin specimens was evaluated by using viable bacterial counting method, Kruskal- Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed for statistical analysis. Siwak powder in 3% concentration combined to acrylic resin displayed minimal antibacterial effect against oral flora in comparison to other experimental groups, control group did not show any microbial inhibitory effect. Highly significant statistical difference between the experimental groups (3%,5% and 7% siwak addition) and the control group was observed concerning the antimicrobial efficiency ( p < 0.05).This study demonstrate that organic structured additive siwak is suitable mean for producing hybrid materials with antibacterial properties for dentistry applications.

Keywords: PMMA, antibacterial agents, acrylic resin additive.

[1]. Hatim NA, Taqa AA, Abbas W, Shuker AM. The Effect of Thyme and Nigella Oil on Some Properties of Acrylic Resin Denture Base. Al–Rafidain Dent J. 2010; 10(2): 205–213.
[2]. Lessa FC, Eniki C,Ito, Faria G,Matsumoto MA,Nelson.Fiho Pin vivo evaluation of the bacterial contamination and disinfection of acrylic denture base plates of removable orthodontic appliances. Am J Ortod Dentofacial Orthop.2007;131:705.
[3]. Morgan TD, Wilson M. The effect of surface roughness and type of depth film fermenter. J App Microbio.2001,91(July):47-53.
[4]. Willey, Joanne; Sherwood,Linda;Woolverton Christopher(2011), Prescott,s microbiology (8th.ed.) NewYork,pp:371-737.
[5]. Kimondollo PM. Developing a workable infection control policy for the dental laboratory. J Prosthet Dent.,1992,68:974-978.
[6]. Polyzois GL,Zissis AJ,Yannikakis SA. The effect of gluteraldehyde, microwave disinfection on some properties of acrylic denture resin. Int.J Prosthodont,1995,8:150-154.

Abstract:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) are the one of the most common form of cystic lesions affecting the maxillofacial region. Multiple keratcystic odontogenictumour are known to occur in a wide range of syndrome, the most common among them being nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome(NBCCS). A case of multiple KCOTS in a non syndromic case in a ten year old female patient is being presented here which had been successfully managed so far without recurrence.

Keywords: Kerocysticodontogenic tumour(KCOT), nevoid basal Cell carcinoma Syndrome(NBCCS),gorlin Goltzsyndrome, Odontogenic Keratocyst(OKCs)

[1]. Raghavendra S. Kurdekar, Jeevanprakash,Andpuneetkalranon-Syndromicodontogenickeratocysts: A Rare Case Report. Natl J Maxillofacsurg 2013;4:90-3
[2]. N Kargahi M Kalatari. Non Syndromic Multiple Odontogenickeratocyst .A Case Report. J Dent Sep 2013;14:151-154

Abstract:Introduction: Male circumcision is one of the oldest and most common surgical procedures worldwide, and is undertaken for many reasons: religious, cultural, social and medical. Circumcision in Nigeria is essentially a cultural practice which is practised by traditional circumcisers. This study examines the practices of traditional circumcisers. Methods: This study was carried out in Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 77 consenting traditional circumcisers were interviewed. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented with charts and tables.

[1]. World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Male circumcision global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability, WHO 2007. Accessed at http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241596169/en/ on 5th Jan, 2015.
[2]. Wilcken A, Keil T, Dick B. Traditional male circumcision in eastern and southern Africa: a systematic review of prevalence and complications. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88.12 (2010): 907-914.
[3]. Peltzer K, Kanta X, Banyini M. Evaluation of a safer male circumcision training programme for Ndebele traditional surgeons and nurses in Gauteng, South Africa: using direct observation of circumcision procedures. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2009 Dec 30;7(2):153-9.
[4]. Brown JE, Micheni KD, Grant EMJ, Mwenda JM, Muthiri FM. Varieties of male circumcision: A study from Kenya. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2001:28(10):608–612.

Abstract: Uterine prolapse that occurs during pregnancy is a rare condition. Fewer than 300 cases have been reported in the literature. Incidence of uterine prolapse in pregnancy is 1 in 10 000-15 000 deliveries worldwide. Although a rare occurrence, there is still a need for obstetricians to be aware of the management of uterine prolapse which allows for an uneventful pregnancy, labour and delivery .Here we present a case of uterine prolapse in pregnancy and the issues surrounding her management.

Keywords: Uterine prolapse, placenta previa,

[1]. Yogev Y, Horowitz ER, Ben-Haroush A, Kaplan B. Uterine cervical elongation and prolapse during pregnancy: an old unsolved problem. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2003; 30(4): 183-5

[2]. Partsinevelos GA, Mesogitis S, Papantoniou N, Antsaklis A. Uterine prolapse in pregnancy: a rare condition an obstetrician should be familiar with. Fetal Diagn Ther 2008; 24(3):296-8

[3]. Daskalakis G, Lymberopoulos E, Anastasakis E, Kalmantis K, Athanasaki A, Manoli A, Antsaklis A. Uterine Prolapse complicating pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2007 Oct; 276(4): 391-2

[4]. Guariglia L, Carducci B, Botta A, Ferrazzani S, Caruso A. Uterine prolapse in pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2005; 60(4): 192-4

Abstract:Introduction: Anemia is the most frequently encountered hematological problem in the elderly , requiring early identification and treatment since it is an important sign pointing toward serious yet treatable conditions. In this study we analyzed the distribution and characterization of anemia in elderly w.r.t age and sex and to determine the possible underlying etiology.

[1]. Prevalence of anemia in older persons: systematic review; Halen Gaskell, Sheena Derry, et al. BMC Geriatrics; 2008, Page 1-8.
[2]. World Health Organization : Nutritional anemia: report of a WHO scientific group. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO; 1968.
[3]. Beutler E, Waalen J : The definition of anemia: What is the lower limit of normal of the blood haemoglobin concentration? Blood 2006, 107: 1747 – 1750.
[4]. Amia L afente BJ, Fernandez – Burriel Teucero M, Suarez Almonara JL, Betoncart mastrangelo cc, Guerra Hernandez L (2001). Anemia and functional capacity of admission in a geriatric home. An med Interna 18(1) 9-12.
[5]. Salive ME, Cornoni Hartley J, Guralnik JM et al. (1992). Anemia and Hemoglobin levels in older persons: Relationship with age, gender and health status.J Am Geriatr Soc 40: 489-496.

Abstract: Introduction: The study includes the morphological and histological aspects of the common tumors and also rare and uncommon ovarian tumors, with clinical manifestation, morphological and histopathological appearances. Material and Methods: Statistical incidence of ovarian tumors from 2001 to 2004 was taken. Specimens were processed routinely and sections, from representative sites, stained with hematoxylin and eosin were studied. Special stains like PAS, Vangieson, Reticulin and Alcian blue were done in special cases.

[1]. Brian M. Slomovitz; Herbert F. Gretz III – Drew V. Tortoriello; Rebecca N. Baergen; Robert H. Soslow et.al., - A comparative analysis of 57 Serous Borderline Tumors with and without a non invasive Micropapillary component. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology (TAJOSP): 2002: Vol 26: 592-600.
[2]. Deepali Gupta: Michael T. Deavers : Elvio G. Silva and Anais Malpica – Malignant Malanoma involving the ovary – TAJOSP : 2004: Vol - 28 - 771-780.
[3]. Ingrid M. Rodrigunz and Jaime Part – Mucinous tumors of the Ovary- A clinicopathologic Analysis of 75 Borderline tumors (of intestinal type) and carcinomas – TAJOSP: 2002: Vol: 26: 139-152.
[4]. Jaime Prat, and Michele de Nictolis- Serous Borderline Tumors of the ovary – Along – Term Follow-up study of 137 cases, including 18 with a micro-papillary pattern and 20 with microinvasion- TAJOSP : 2002: Vol-26; 1111- 1128.
[5]. Lawrence – M. Roth : Robert E. Emerson and thomas M. U.L. bright- Ovanian Endometrioid Tumors of Low Malignant Potential – A Clinicopathologic Study of 30 cases with comparison to well Differentiated Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma – TAJOSP- 2003 Vol 27: 1253 – 59.
[6]. Michael T. Deavers: David. M. Gershenson : Guillermo Tortolero- Luna : Anais malpica Karen H. Lu and Elvio G. Silva – micropapillary and Cribriform patterns in overian scrous tumors of low malignant potential. A study of 99 Advanced stage cases – TAJOSP – 2002: Vol – 26: 1129-1141.

Abstract: Background: The present study was undertaken as analysis of laryngeal masses in a rural population of India has been lacking. Aim And Objectives: The aim of this research work is to study clinicopathological profile of laryngeal masses . To attain this , objectives were directed to describe the socio demographic profile of patients diagnosed with laryngeal masses , describe their symptomatology and risk factors and their endoscopic , radiological and histopathological findings .

[1]. Sasaki CT, Isaacson G (1988) Functional anatomy of the larynx. In: Aspiration and Swallowing Disorders. The Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 21(4):595–612.
[2]. Sasaki CT (2006) Anatomy and development and physiology of the larynx. In: Goyal R, Shaker R (eds). Part 1 Oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus.Nature Publishing Group; GI Motility Online.doi:10.1038/gimo7.
[3]. Michael Gleeson ,Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology, Head and neck Surgery 7th edition ,chapter 167 pg 2193-2210 .
[4]. Sharma R. , Revision of Prasad's social classification and provision of an online tool for real time updating , South Asian Journal of Cancer 2013:2:157
[5]. ZebaAhmed ,SalmanMutiullah ,MushtaqueMemon , Muhammad SaleemMarfani ,A clinicopathological study of Laryngeal malignancies –An Institutional experience, JLUHMS September-December 2009Vol: 08 No. 03 pg 214-218 .

Abstract: Objectives:We investigate the benefit of xylocain tramadol combination wound infiltration for post operativeanalgesia . Background:Postoperative pain management one of the concerns in surgeryespeciallycaesarean section and local anesthesia wound infiltration play a role in decreasing post operative pain. Method: 300 patients of 18-46 years under going caesarean section divided randomly to four groups. After wound closure, the first group of 100 patients received paracetamol 10mg/kg and tramadol 1.5 mg/kg intravenously with skin infiltration around the wound using 20 ml 1% xylocain. The 2nd group) of 100 patients received paracetamol 10 mg/kg and skin infiltration using 20 ml of 1% xylocain with 1.5 mg /kg tramadol added together,the 3rd group of 50 patients received tramadol 1.5mg/kg infiltration without xylocain or additional analgesia and the 4th group of 50 patients received 20 ml ofxylocain only

[1]. Trentman TL, Mueller JT, Gray RJ, Pockaj BA, Simula DV. Outpatient surgery performed in an ambulatory surgery center versus a hospital: comparison of perioperative time intervals. Am J Surg 2010; 200:64-7.
[2]. ReetikaChander, DootikaLiddle, Baljinder Kaur, Mary Varghese.Wound infiltration with plain bupivacaine as compared with bupivacaine fentanyl mixture for postoperative pain relief after abdominal surgery.Anesthesia: Essays and Researches; 5(2); Jul-Dec 2011.
[3]. Lavand'homme P. Postcaesarean analgesia: Effective strategies and association with chronic pain. Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol 2006;19(3):244-248.
[4]. Galden J, Stuart H, Santos CA. Post caesarean delivery analgesia. AnesthAnalg 2005;101: S62–S9
[5]. Desmeules JA, Piguet V, Collart L, Dayer P. Contribution of monoamin- ergic modulation to the analgesic effect of tramadol. Br J ClinPharmacol 1996; 41:7-12.
[6]. achalovaski, I, T., Cristea, S.Margarit and R.Gavrus, Tramadol added to lidocain for intravenous regional local anaesthesia. Anaesth. Analg2001: 92:209-214.

Abstract:Pulmonary edema following obstruction of upper airway is an uncommon and unpredictable clinical entity. This unusual disease is actually attributed to pulmonary and hemodynamic changes caused by high negative intrathoracic pressures during the state of obstructed respiration, such as laryngospasm, epiglottitis, laryngotracheal neoplasm etc. we report a case of 20 year old healthy male who underwent emergency craniotomy and developed laryngospasm after extubation followed by Negative pressure pulmonary edema. After reintubation and mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit patient was extubated and shifted to neurosurgical ward without anyfurther respiratory problems.
Keywords: Laryngospasm,Generalanaesthesia, pulmonary edema.

[1]. VanKooy MA, Gargiulo RF.Post operativepulmonary edema.AmFam Physician 2000;62:401-404.
[2]. Sowvamy,GarewalD.Pulmunary hemorrhage in association with negative pressure edema in an intubated patient.ActaAnesthesiol Scan 2001;45:911-913.
[3]. Lathan RS,SilivermanME,ThomasBL,Waters WC.Post operative pulmonary edema.South medical J.1999;92(3):313-314.
[4]. Patton WC, Baker CL Jr: Prevalence of negative-pressure pulmonary edema at an orthopaedic hospital. J South OrthopAssoc 2000; 9:248–53.
[5]. Deepika K, Kenaan CA, Barrocas AM, Fonseca JJ, Bikazi GB: Negative pressure pulmonary edema after acute upper airway obstruction. J ClinAnesth 1997; 9:403–8

Abstract:The triad of dysphagia, upper esophageal webs, and iron deficiency anemia is known as Plummer-Vinson syndrome. Even though the syndrome is very rare nowadays, its recognition is important because it identifies a group of patients at increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper alimentary tract. This syndrome affects mostly women in their middle ages. This rare disease was relatively common in early part of 20th century. The rapid fall in prevalence of the syndrome in the latter part of the 20th century has been attributed to an improvement in nutritional status. A 27 year old lady came with History of easy fatigability which was affecting her daily activities. On enquiry she told she has difficulty in swallowing solids for the past six months. Blood Investigations revealed Iron deficiency Anaemia. Upper GI Endoscopy was done under sedation. A oesophageal web was revealed and mechanically dilated using Savary Gilliard Bougies under radiological guidance. She was sent home with Iron supplements and advised regular follow up. During subsequent visit she told her dysphagia was relieved.

Keywords: Plummer Vinson Syndrome, Dysphagia, Oesophageal web, Iron deficiency Anaemia, Upper GI Endoscopy, Savary Gilliard Bougies, Oesophageal Dilatation.

[1]. Thankachan P1, Muthayya S, Walczyk T, Kurpad AV, Hurrell RF An analysis of the etiology of anemia and iron deficiency in young women of low socioeconomic status in Bangalore, India. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2007 Sep;28(3):328-36.
[2]. World Health Organization. Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention, and Control: A Guide for Programme Managers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2001.

Abstract:Ovaries are hormone influence organs and make a base for related diseases. Many other lesions are also seen in ovaries which are not related to hormonal disturbance. Ovarian lesions are not diagnosed in early stages as they are asymptomatic and physically difficult to examine. Though the non neoplastic lesions are very common when compared to neoplastic lesions of the ovary, there are very few studies are there of non neoplastic lesions of the ovary. This study gives focus on incidence, spectrum, bilaterality and age distribution like features of non neoplastic lesions of the ovary. In many cases of ovarian lesions, there is an increased risk for lesions in other organs like uterus and breast which are also influenced by the same hormones like Estrogen and Progesterone.
Keywords: ovaries, non neoplastic lesions, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, foreign body granulomas.

[1]. Langman's Medical embryology by T.W.Sadler: 9th edition,2004,Development of urogenital system, Page no-270-281.
[2]. Kanthikar S.N. et al., Clinico-Pathological Study of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Ovarian Lesion, www.jcdr.net, , 2014 Aug, Vol-8(8): FC04-FC07
[3]. S Maharjan, CLINICOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF OVARIAN LESIONS, Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(6): 17-24
[4]. Selvaggi SM1Cytology of nonneoplastic cysts of the ovary, Diagn Cytopathol. 1990;6(2):77-85.
[5]. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of disease:Kumar,Abbas,Fausto, 9 th editions 2014, page: 1022

Abstract:Background: Dental caries is a chronic disease with multi factorial etiology and pathogenesis and is the most prevalent unmet health care need of children. Aim & Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children aged 3-5 years in Narmada, Gujarat. Material And Methods: A cross sectional community based study on the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs of preschool children aged 3-5 years was conducted in Narmada District, Gujarat. A survey proforma was prepared with the help of WHO Oral Health Assessment Form. Caries was recorded using Dentition Status and Treatment Needs (WHO 1997). Decayed, missing and filled teeth were calculated from the information. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in the present study. Significance is assessed at 5% level of significance.The Statistical software namely SPSS 16.0 was used for the analysis of data and Microsoft word and Excel has been used to generate graphs, tables etc.

[1]. Joshi N, Rajesh R, Sunitha M. Prevalence of dental caries among school children in Kulasekharam village: A correlated prevalence survey. J Indian Soc Pedod Prevent Dent. 2005 sept; 23(3): 138-40.
[2]. Ghandahari-MM, Zeraati. H. Dental health status in 3-5 year old kindergarten children in Tehran-Iran in 2003. Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2005; 2(1): 18-21.
[3]. Harris R, Nicoll AD, Adair PM, Pine C. Risk factors for dental caries in young children: a systematic review of the literature. Community Dent Health. 2004; 21 Suppl: 71–85