iosr-JEEE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2015

Abstract: Automated inspection systems is the target for all automated organizations. The objective zero defect considers as a challenge for many industries since there are many factors effect on production line. Increase scrape items effect on productivity and environment; rework produced items as bottle neck for production lines and decrease products rates. The objectives for the research project focused on four main concerning, Evaluate automated inspection and control system in manufactures. Redesign online inspection system for some industrial case studies for the purpose of enhancing Quality control, tracking quality control in manufacturing systems and embedded improving computer vision systems in the production lines levels, and reduce defect items by correct parameters during the production lines. Research project focused on some case studies like (plastic, hot stamping, assembly, and textile) industries in Malaysia and Iraq. Computer vision systems was the common methods since it considers as non-destruction testing system. One of the machine vision systems techniques is image processing technique.

[1] M. P. Groover, Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edit. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. [2] K. Oo, Z. Naing, and H. Tun, "Implementation Of Distributed Control System In Process Control Management Using MATLAB," Int. J. Sci. Technol. Reseach, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 149–154, 2014.

[3] R. Gonzalez and R. Woods, Digital image processing, Third edit. Pearson Education International, 2010, pp. 13–50.

[4] R. Ibrahim, Z. Zin, and N. Nadzri, "Egg‟s Grade Classification and Dirt Inspection Using Image Processing Techniques," in Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2012 Vol II WCE 2012, July 4 - 6, 2012, London, U.K of the …, 2012.

[5] S. Kamaruddin, K. Sunardi, and R. Hamid, "Canned Pineapple Grading Using Pixel Colour Extraction," in Proceeding of the international Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Computer Science and ICT, 2013, pp. 217–226.

[6] M. Caccamo, C. Melilli, and D. Barbano, "Measurement of gas holes and mechanical openness in cheese by image analysis," J. Dairy Sci., vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 739–748, 2004.

Abstract: In this paper, a second order sliding mode controller is applied for single-input single-output (SISO) uncertain system. The presented controller successively overcomes the variations caused by the uncertainties and external load disturbances although an approximate model of the system is used in the design procedure. An integral type sliding surface is used and the stability and robustness properties of the controller are proved by means of Lyapunov stability theorem. The chattering phenomenon is significantly reduced adopting the switching gain with the known parameters of the system..

[1] Q.-G. Wang, Z. Zhang, K. J. Astrom, L. S. Chek, Guaranteed dominant pole placement with PID controllers, Journal of Process Control 19 (2009) 349-352.

[2] Q.-G. Wang, T.H. Lee, H.-W. Fung, B. Qiang, Y. Zhang, PID tuning for improved performance, IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology 7(4)(1999) 457-465.

[3] M. Ramasamy, S. Sundaramoorthy, PID controller tuning for desired closed-loop responses for SISO systems using impulse response, Computers and Chemical Engineering 32 (2008) 1773-1788.

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[5] A. O'Dwyer, Handbook of PI and PID Controller Tuning Rules, third ed., Imperial College Press, London, 2009.

[6] V. I. Utkin, Sliding modes in control and optimization, Springer, Berlin, 1992.

[7] J. Y. Hung, W. Gao, J. C. Hun, Variable structure control: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 40(1) (1993) 2-22.

Abstract: In this paper a method for estimation of torque is proposed in case of sensorless bldc motor. The bldc motor's are used in places that require fast torque response, high effiency, high power density where torque pulsation's problem may occure. A Sliding mode observer combined with extended kalman filter is proposed for bldc motor using matlab simulation for estimation of instantenous torque. Sliding mode observer is a parameter for estimating the phase to phase trapezoidal back-EMF in sensor less mode. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is the nonlinear version of the Kalman filter which linearizes about an estimate of the current mean and covariance. Keywords: BLDC motor,Sliding mode observer, Extended kalman filter,DTC

[1]. M. Rameshkanna ,Mrs. S. Sivaranjani,"Analysis of Sliding Mode Observer Based SVPWM Inverter Fed BLDC Motor", IJSTE International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering, Volume 1, Issue 11,May 2015

[2]. Yong Liu, Zi Qiang Zhu and David Howe , "Instantaneous Torque Estimation in Sensorless Direct-Torque-Controlled Brushless DC Motors".IEEE transactions on industry applications, vol. 42, no. 5, september/october 2006

[3]. Teck-Seng Low, Tong-Heng Lee, King-Jet Tseng, and Kai-Sang Lock, "Servo Performance of a BLDC Drive with Instantaneous Torque Control" ieee transactions on industry applications, vol. 28, no. 2, marchjapril 1992

[4]. D.Suganyadevi, Dr. M. Sathiskumar, "Direct Torque Control In BLDC Motor Using Four Swich Inverter", International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2014

[5]. "Brushless DC Motors",http://www.portescap.com

Abstract: the fault in a Brushless DC (BLDC) Motors can lead to excessive downtimes that can lead to huge losses in terms of maintenance and production. This paper discusses the diagnosis of stator winding faults, which is one of the common faults in a Brushless DC Motors. Several diagnostics techniques have been presented in the literature. Fault detection using traditional analytical methods are not always possible as this requires prior knowledge of the exact motor model. The motor models are also susceptible to inaccuracy due to parameter variations. This paper presents Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS) based, and wavelet based fault diagnosis methods to diagnoses the fault. The dynamic characteristics of the brushless DC motor is observed and analyzed using the developed MATLAB/ simulink model.

[1] J. Penman, H. G. Sedding, B. A. Lloyd, and W. T. Fink, ―Detection and location of inter turn short circuits in the stator windings of operating motors,‖ IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 652–658, Dec. 1994.

[2] A. Stavrou, H. G. Sedding, and J. Penman, ―Current monitoring for detecting inter-turn short circuits in induction motors,‖ IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 32–37, Mar. 2001.

[3] G. M. Joksimovic and J. Penman, ―The detection of inter-turn short circuits in the stator windings of operating motors,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1078–1084, Oct. 2000.

[4] R. M. Tallam, T. G. Habetler, R. G. Harley, D. J. Gritter, and B. H. Burton, ―Neural network based on-line stator winding turn fault detection for induction motors,‖ in Proc. IEEE-Industry Applications Soc. Conf., vol. 1, 2000, pp. 375–380.

[5] R. M. Tallam, T. G. Habetler, and R. G. Harley, ―Stator winding turn fault detection for closed-loop induction motor drives,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 720–724, May/Jun. 2003.

Abstract: Image registration is the process of overlaying images (two or more) of the same scene taken at different times, from different viewpoints, and/or by different sensors. The registration geometrically aligns two images (the reference and sensed images). The approaches are classified according to their nature (area based and feature-based) and according to four basic steps of image registration procedure: feature detection, feature matching, mapping function design, and image transformation and re-sampling. Finally we have tested the result of feature detection and feature matching steps by using technique called corner detector and corner matching and also for Scale-Invariant Key points Features (SIFT) detection method. This methods are implemented with MATLAB 2009 .

Keywords: feature detection, feature matching, image transformation, image registration

[1] Barbara Zitova´, Jan Flusser ―Image registration methods: a survey,‖ Image and Vision Computing 21 (2003) 977–1000. Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0262-8856(03)00137-9
[2] M. Awrangjeb and G. Lu, ―Techniques for Efficient and Effective Transformed Image Identification,‖ Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 20(8), 511-520, 2009.
[3] .M. Awrangjeb and G. Lu, ―An Improved Curvature Scale-Space Corner Detector and a Robust Corner Matching Approach for Transformed Image Identification,‖ IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 17(12), 2425–2441, 2008.
[4] M. Awrangjeb and G. Lu, ―A Robust Corner Matching Technique,‖ International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2007), Beijing, China, 1483–1486, 2007.
[5] M. Awrangjeb, G. Lu, and M. M. Murshed, ―An Affine Resilient Curvature Scale-Space Corner Detector,‖ 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2007), Hawaii, USA, 1233–1236, 2007.

Abstract: New structure of a single negative metamaterial (SNG) is achieved to reduce the mutual coupling between two nearby microstrip antennaswith only 0.5λ0 (λ0is the free-space wavelength) between them. Both antennasradiate in the same frequency band. The new structure consists of three complementary split spiral unit cells which are etched on the ground of the proposed antenna. This design improves the rejection response in terms of bandwidth and suppression. By using the new structure, it was possible to achieve a 23-dB reduction in the mutual coupling between the two microstrip patch antennas at resonance frequency of 6.58 GHz. Since the proposed split spiral structures are broadband, they can be used to minimize coupling and co-channel interference in multiband antennas.The reduction of the mutual coupling is achieved by EM solver simulating and measuring the reflection and transmission coefficients of the designed antenna arrays.

[1] F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Microstrip antennas integrated with electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures: A low mutual coupling design for array applications." IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation Vol.51, No.10, pp. 2936–2946, Oct. 2003.

[2] HosseinSarbandiFarahani, Mehdi Veysi, ManouchehrKamyab, and AlirezaTadjalli, "Mutual Coupling Reduction in Patch Antenna Arrays Using a UC-EBG Superstrate", IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters, Vol.9, pp. 57-59, 2010.

[3] Mohammed M. Bait-Suwailam, "Mutual Coupling Reduction Between Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Slotted-Complementary Split-Ring Resonators" IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters, Vol.9,, pp. 876-878, 2010.

[4] AsiehHabashi, JavadNourinia, Mutual Coupling Reduction Between Very Closely Spaced Patch Antennas Using Low-Profile FoldedSplit-Ring Resonators (FSRRs), IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters, Vol.10, pp. 862-865, 2011.

[5] D. R. Smith,D. C. Vier,Th. Koschny,and C. M. Soukoulis"Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterial," physical Review E71, 036617, pp.1-11, ,2005.

Abstract: Ethanol sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity have tremendous application potential as a device in traffic management, food ferment, wine making and medical processes. Currently a large variety of metal oxide semiconductors have been tested as gas sensing materials both for ceramic and thin film gas sensors. Most of the studied gas sensors operate at nearly 200-600°C. In this paper, we report synthesis of highly resistive Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3 abbreviated as BFO) thin films. The BFO thin films were grown on different substrates including Si, SiO2, platinized silicon and quartz by using pulsed laser deposition technique. The films were deposited at different deposition conditions to obtain different grain size. The films were characterized by various techniques like XRD, AFM. The room temperature resistivity measurement on exposer of ethanol is to be carried out in order to determine ethanol sensing ability.

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Abstract: Transformer has vital role in the emerging electric Power Systems and is the one of the main equipments in the Power System. So monitoring and maintaining their healthiness is very essential, by monitoring Transformers periodically and taking required action results in increase of life of Transformers and also we can avoid secondary damages, electrical/mechanical hazards to human beings working near Transformers. If any problem is found while periodical testing /monitoring we can go for a planned shutdown which can save huge Generation Loss due to failure of Transformers in case of Generating Station. In general failure of Transformer can cause non availability of Generation/Transmission/ distribution for some time. So it's very necessary to monitor and take suitable action.

[1]. Herbert G. Erdman (ed.), Electrical insulating oils, ASTM International, 1988 ISBN 0-8031-1179-7, p. 108 [2]. "DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS OF MINERAL OIL INSULATING FLUIDS". Retrieved November 2, 2011.

[3]. "Dissolved Gas Analysis". 2005 [last update]≤. Retrieved November 21, 2011

[4]. "Using Dissolved Gas Analysis to Detect Active Faults in Oil-Insulated Electrical Equipment". Retrieved November 21, 2011.

[5]. "DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS (DGA) OF INSULATING FLUIDS". Retrieved November 21, 2011.

[6]. Martin J. Heathcote (ed)., The J&P Transformer Book Thirteenth Edition, Newnes, 2007 ISBN 978-0-7506-8164-3 pages 588-615

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Abstract: The paper presents fuzzy logic based direct torque control (DTC) scheme of an induction motor (IM) and its comparative study using intelligent techniques under varying dynamic conditions are discussed. Direct torque control (DTC) of an induction motor fed by a voltage source inverter is a modest scheme that does not need lengthy computation time and can be implemented without pulse encoders but limitation of this method is having high ripples .These ripples are reduced by using fuzzy logic controller. As the DTC along with IM is mostly nonlinear, fuzzy controller will be more suitable for system. The use of fuzzy logic controller improves the dynamic response of the motor. FLC is designed to select the optimum amplitudes of the three level torque hysteresis controller based on the variation in motor .

[1] P. Vas, Sensorless vector and direct torque control. London, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998

[2] I. Takahashi and T. Nouguchi, ―A new quick response and high efficiency control strategy for an induction motor,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl, vol. IA-22, no. 5, pp. 820–827, Sep. 1986.

[3] L. Tang, L. Zhong, M. F. Rahman, and Y. Hu, ―A novel direct torque control for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine drive with low ripple in torque and flux-a speed-sensorless approach,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1748–1756, Sep./Oct. 2003.

[4] S. Kouro, R. Bernal, H. Miranda, C. A. Silva, and J. Rodriguez, ―High performance torque and flux control for multilevel inverter fed induction motors,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 2116–2123, Nov. 2007.

[5] D. Casadei and T. Angelo, ―Implementation of a direct torque control algorithm for induction motors based on discrete space vector modulation, ―IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 769–777, July 2000

[6] Y.-S. Lai and J.-C. Lin, ―New hybrid fuzzy controller for direct torque control induction motor drives,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1211–1219, Sep. 2003.

Abstract: Power is a scarce commodity in Nigeria as in most developing countries like India. Constant power shortages are witnessed in various cities and villages. Electricity is the form of energy which is most widely used in nature. Electric power obtained from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources are called primary sources. Electricity generation was first developed in 1800's using Faraday's dynamo generator. After almost 2 centuries later, the same basic principles are still being used to generate electricity, but on a much larger scale. The primary energy resources are the conventional types and are in limited quantity because they are not renewable, and on the other hand create a lot of pollution to the atmosphere. A revolutionary method of power generation through speed breaker power generators is proposed as a renewable energy concept. On speed breakers, tremendous amount of energy is being wasted by vehicles, and several models were introduced to utilize this energy through speed breakers. This paper attempts to show different methods of renewable energy generation through speed breaker.

[1]. Alok Umar Singh, Deepak Singh , Madhawendra Kumar , Vijay Pandit , Prof. SurendraAgrawal, (2013 ), "Generation of Electricity Through Speed Breaker Mechanism", Satyam Education & Social Welfare Society Group of Institution Bhopal, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology vol.2 issue 2 , April, 2013.
[2]. Ankita and MeenuBala, (2013), "Power Generation from Speed Breaker", International Journal Of Advance Research in Science and Engineering, Vol. No.2, Issue No. 2, February, 2013 ISSN-2319-8354(E).
[3]. Ashok Kumar Sharma, OmkarTrivedi, UmeshAmberiyaandVikas Sharma,(2012), "Development of Speed Breaker Device for Generation of Compressed Air on Highways in Remote Areas", International Journal of Recent Research and Review, Vol. I, March 2012 ISSN 2277 – 8322.
[4]. Aswathaman.V, Priyadharshini, (2011), "Every speed breaker is now a source of power", 2010 International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry IPCBEE vol.1 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore.
[5]. Rajat Gupta, Suyash Sharma, SaurabhGaykawad, (2013), "A Revolutionary Technique of Power Generation Through Speed Breaker Power Generators". International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2013

Abstract: In modern electrical distribution systems harmonic distortions are created from a number of sources such as variable frequency drives, lighting, computers and nonlinear loads. Such harmonic distortions produce a variety of undesirable side effects ranging from poor power factor, motor failure to overloading of transformers and conductors. Now a days increasing number of renewable energy systems such as solar and wind turbine generators are connected to the existing power system in order to reduce the negative environmental impact of fossil fuel based conventional electric power generation schemes. But power quality of an electric grid is affected by the penetration of intermittent wind power into it. This paper analyses the harmonic distortion problem, which arises due to the integration of fixed speed induction generator based wind energy conversion system with electric grid which is already incorporated with nonlinear load. In the proposed scheme STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) is connected at Point of Common Coupling (PCC) to provide dynamic reactive power compensation required by grid connected wind farm for maintaining voltage within prescribed limits as well as harmonic mitigation endow with grid codes. Mamdani based fuzzy logic controller has been designed for controlling STATCOM. The viability and effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy control strategy in steady state is verified and proved by creating a simulation model of a small grid connected wind farm with nonlinear load in MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is clearly presented that STATCOM with FLC reduces Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of source current in power system connected with fixed speed wind farm and nonlinear load.

[1] Sugirtha, M. G.; Latha, P., "Investigation of Reactive Power Compensation in Grid Connected Windfarm under Varying Wind Conditions," International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Volume 9, Number 22 (2014) pp. 17345-17354
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[5] Bhadra, SailendraNath, DebaprasadKastha, and Soumitro Banerjee. Wind electrical systems. OUP India, 2005.
[6] Manel, Juan. "Power electronic system for grid integration of renewable energy source: A survey." IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron 53.4 (2006): 1002-1014.
[7] Mohod, Sharad W., and Mohan V. Aware. "Power quality issues &it's mitigation technique in wind energy generation." Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2008. ICHQP 2008. 13th International Conference on. IEEE, 2008.
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