iosr-JEEE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2015

Abstract: Over the historyof five decades, Optimal Power Flow (OPF) has become one of the most important and extensivelyconsidered nonlinear optimization problems. In general, OPF needs to optimize the operation of electric power generation, transmission and distribution networks subjectedto varioussystem constraints and control limits. However, there is an extremely wide and variety of OPF formulations and solution techniques. Moreover, the character of OPF continues to evolve due to recent electricity markets and renewable resource integration. In this survey, both the conventional, intelligent OPF methods and both in the presence of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) are surveyed in order to present a sound context for the state of the art in OPF formulation and solution methods. The survey contributes a comprehensive conversation of specific optimization techniques that have been applied to OPF, with an emphasis on the merits, drawbacks of each method of both conventional and intelligent methods of OPF.
Keywords: Optimal Power Flow, Power System, System Constraints, Intelligent Methods and FACTS..

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Abstract: Globally 30% deaths occur due to Cardio Vascular Diseases(CVD). ECG is one of the way to monitor this circulatory disease. Ag/Agcl Gel based ECG electrodes have their inherent problems, for prolonged continuous monitoring of ECG, connecting to a Cellular Mobile Phone, carried for early warnings. ECG electrodes with solid electrolyte connectable to mobile phones for Digital Signal Processing(DSP) is the alternative, in such continuous monitoring requirement. There are three fundamental ways of measuring ECG. These are electron conduction current, displacement current and Ionic conduction current measurements.

[1]. Wen-Jie Lan, Xu U. Zou, Mahiar M. Hamedi et. al Department of Chemical Biology, Harward University, USA " Paper -Based
Potentiometric Ion Sensing" Analytical Chemistry dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac5018088 | Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 9548-9553
[2]. Chang-Ho Choi, Liang-Yu Lin, Chun-Cheng Cheng et. al " Printed Oxide Thin Film Transistors: A Mini Review" ECS Journal of
Solid State Science and Technology, 4 (4) P3044-P3051 ( 2015)
[3]. Harish Subbaraman, Daniel T. Pham, T. Chen, Fellow, IEEE et. al "Inkjet – Printed Two-Dimensional Phased-Array Antenna on a
Flexible Substrate ", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol., 12, 2013.
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contact lamination", Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 93, Number 10, May 2003
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Abstract: Power transformers are the integral part of the power systems. In oil immersed transformers, oil acts as a coolant as well as an insulator. To prevent the oil from oxidation antioxidants such as Dibenzyl Disulfide (DBDS) and 2, 6 Di-tertiary Paracresol (DBPC) are added to the oil to enhance the quality of the oil. A number of failures have occurred in transformers causing great loss to power grids due to the presence of copper sulfide. The formation of copper sulfide on the insulation paper degrades the insulation strength of paper. The transformer mineral oil is one of the sources for the formation of copper sulfide. The sulfur in the insulating oil is present in the range of 0.001 to 0.5%. It was seen that the sulfur was also added intentionally to the oil in the form of antioxidant such as DBDS.

[1]. P. R. Krishnamoorthy, S.Vijayakumari, K.R. Krishnaswamy, P. Thomas, "Effect of Benzotriazole and 2, 6, Ditertiary butyl
paracresol on the accelerated oxidation of new reclaimed transformer oils-A comparative study". Materials Technology Division
Central Power Research Institute P.B. No. 9401, Bangalore, India.
[2]. Shuangzan Ren, Yang Xu, Xiaolong Cao, Lisheng Zhon, Qinxue Yu, Robert Jeanjean, "A Research Summary of Corrosive Sulfur
in Mineral Oils" , Proceedings of the international conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, July 19-
23,2009, Harbin, China.
[3]. F. Scatiggio, V. Tumiatti, Asscociate Member, IEEE, R. Maina, M.zTumaiaati, M. Pompili, Senior Member, IEEE, and R.
Bartnikas, Life Fellow, IEEE "Corrosive Sulfur Induced Failures In Oil-Filled Electrical Power Transformers And Shunt Reactors"
IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol.24, No. 3, July 2009.
[4]. H. Kawarai, Y. Fujita, J. Tanimura, S. Toyama, N. Yamada, E. Nagaoand N. Hosokawa, T. Amimoto, "Role of Dissolved Copper
and Oxygen on Copper Sulfide Generation in Insulating Oil", IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 16,
No. 5; October 2009..

Abstract: This paper presents the design and simulation of a 10 GHz Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Wireless communication systems. The simulation result has been performed by using the Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based on GaAs is used for decreasing of Minimum Noise Figure (NFmin) of LNA. Also, for more decreasing NFmin of LNA radial stub elements are implemented in biasing network. We have designed a 10 GHz LNA based on three design manner basing on the lumped, the distributed and radial stub elements.

[1] Mohammad Fallahnejad, Alireza Kashaniniya, Design of Low Noise Amplifiers at 10 GHZ and 15 GHZ for Wireless Communication Systems characters, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), Volume 9, Issue 5 Ver. IV, 2014, 47-53.
[2] Mohammad Fallahnejad, Alireza Kashaniniya, Design of a Low Noise Amplifier for 10 GHz Wireless Communication systems, 6th Iranian conference on electrical and electronic engineering ICEEE), 2014
[3] Yu. Na Su and G. Li, Design of a Low Noise Amplifier of RF Communication Receiver for Mine, Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEESYM), , 2012 IEEE Symposium on, 2012, 125-127
[4] C. Kumar and N. Gupta, Design of Front End Low Noise Amplifier for Wireless Devices, Engineering and Systems (SCES), 2012 Students Conference on , 2012, 1-4
[5] Mohammad Fallahnejad, Alireza Kashaniniya, Mehdi Vadizadeh, Design and Simulation Noise Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT on SIC Substrate for Low Noise Applications, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), Volume 10, Issue 3 Ver. II, 2015, 31-37

Abstract: Abstract：The multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer as an important component of the spectrum measuring instrument, the performance of the linear pulse amplifier directly affects the final results of the energy spectrum measurement. Using the quasi-Gaussian CR-RC-CR shaping circuit structure, the non-volatile digital potentiometers and the precision operational amplifiers, that can greatly simplify the circuit structure, stronger anti-jamming ability, gain multistage changes smoothly, and system has characteristics like low temperature drift, good pulse linear, completed the nuclear detector output signal amplification and filtering the forming process. Keywords: Programmable; linear pulse amplifier; Digital potentiometer; Multichannel spectrometer

[1.] Li Hai,Li Xiang,Liu Cai Xue. Based on ARM microprocessor of multi-channel pulse amplitude analysis system design[J]. Nuclear electronics and nuclear detection technology,2010,30(10):1311-1313. [2.] Yuan Qi Bing. Based on single chip microcomputer multi-channel nuclear spectrum data acquisition system is studied[D]. Sichuan: Master's thesis of Chengdu University of Technology,2003.
[3.] Keyser，Twomey．Improved Performance in Germanium Detector Gamma Spectrometers Based on Digital Signal Pro cessing [J]．TRANSACTIONS-AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY，2004，91:793-798． [4.] Wu Yun Ping,Jian Wen Peng. Several key issues computerized portable spectrometer application software discussion[J]. Nuclear Science and Techniques,2000,23(12):863-867.
[5.] I.Jung, H. Krawczynski, S. Komarov, L. Sobotka. Simulation studies of CZT detectors as gamma-ray calorimeter. Astroparticle Physics 26 (2006) 119–128.
[6.] A.Baeza,J. Miranda J. Guillén,.2011.A new approach to the analysis of alpha spectra based on neural network techniques. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A.

Abstract: The laser weapons were put into use more widely in the modern battlefield. The first important mission of the laser countermeasure is to give an alarm of the enemy laser weapons rapidly and rightly[1]. During identifying the laser menaces, realizing the detection of the orientation, the direction of the laser signal and the angle of incidence of laser to determine the source of laser. Then the detect data were fused in virtue of the expert decision making system, and distinguishing of the laser from the background noise of the sun is very serious, to get the aim of correct countermeasure. In this paper a simple intelligent algorithm for laser angle detection is proposed using fuzzy logic data fusion to detect laser incidence angle for early warning. The proposed system is simulated and tested using MATLAB software using four laser sensors to detect the incident laser angle from 0 to 360 and an additional sensor to distinguish the incidence laser from background sun light. A Hardware implementation of the system using TI-430 microcontroller has been introduced. The system has been tested and a GUI interface is developed to make the system easy to use.

Keywords : Embedded system, Laser Detection, Fuzzy systems,Fuzzy data fusion

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[4]. Zadeh, L.A., Fuzzy sets. Information and control, 1965. 8(3): p. 338-353.
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[6]. Zadeh, L.A., Similarity relations and fuzzy orderings. Information sciences, 1971. 3(2): p. 177-200.

Abstract: This paper deals with load frequency control of power system using new control structure with PID controller. The PID controller is designed for single area and multi area power system. The relay feedback method is used for power system model identification. The PID controller parameters are tuned by expanding controller dynamics using Laurent series. The simulation results shows that the proposed control structure gives better disturbance rejection and robust against uncertainties in plant parameters. Keywords: Load Frequency Control (LFC), Area Control Error (ACE), Robustness, Relay feedback identification, Laurent series etc.

[1] Kundur P. Power system stability and control. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994.

[2] Jaleeli N, VanSlyck LS, Ewart DN, Fink LH, Hoffmann AG. Understanding automatic generation control. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 1992;7(August (3)):1106–22.

[3] Ibraheem, Kumar P, Kothari DP. Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2005;20(1):346–57.

[4] Tomsovic K, Bakken DE, Venkatasubramanian V, Bose A. Designing the next generation of real-time control, communication, and computations for large power systems. Proceedings of the IEEE 2005;93(5):965–79.

[5] Kothari M, Sinha N, Rafi M. Automatic generation control of an interconnected power system under deregulated environment. Power Quality 1998;18: 95–102. [6] Donde V, Pai MA, Hiskens IA. Simulation and optimization in an AGC system after deregulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2001;16:481–9.

Abstract: The focus of this paper is the analysis of lightning in Overhead Transmission Lines. By testing a real line of the Albanian transmission network, the paper treats the effect that modelingand the parameters of line can have on the lightning performance, especially on the peak currents during flashover phenomena. This is a very important aspect to evaluate the lightning protection and maintenance of power transmission lines.

Keywords: lightning, modeling, insulation coordination, transmission lines

[1] A.R. Hileman, Insulation Coordination for Power Systems (Marcel Dekker, 1999)
[2] A.I.Chairman, Modeling guidelines for fast transients, IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, vol. 11,1996, 493-506.
[3] J.A Martinez - Velasco,Power Systems Transients-Parameter Determination (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, New York 2010), 17-128
[4] F.J Mo, Y.P Chen, J.J Ruan, Study of Transmission Tower Models and Their Lightning Performance, Power System Technology, 28 (2010), 80-84
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Abstract: The present paper is a trial to shed further light on one of the state - of the - art applications of solar energy; that is solar engines. In this concern, the unijunction transistors were introduced as a part of the system control, where, the solar engines have broad significant and technological advantages for distributed renewable energy applications. During this paper, a detailed experimental study of the characteristics of one of the most popular 2N4870 UJTs was investigated in normal operating conditions. Also, the electrical characteristic curves of the investigated poly-silicon solar panel were plotted at different illumination levels. The design and the implementation of the solar engine control circuit as an application were carried out. Finally, the dependence of both output voltage and motor speed of the solar engine control circuit on the illumination level were investigated.

Keywords: Unijunction transistor, emitter electrical characteristics, applications, solar panel and solar engine.

[1] Sunny Tak, Ravi Prakash Sharma and Sunil Yadav, Comparison Between Solar Stirling Engine and other Solar Devices, Proc. 5th
SARC-IRF International Conf., New Delhi, India, 2014, 6-8.
[2] Khizir Mahmud, Sayidul Morsalin and Md. Imran Khan, Design and Fabrication of an Automated Solar Boat, International Journal
of Advanced Science and Technology, 64, 2014, 31-42.
[3] Dzung Nguyen and Brad Lehman, An Adaptive Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Model-Based Reconfiguration Algorithm, IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 55(7), July 2008, 2644 – 2654
[4] Faouzi Nasri, Chaouki Ali and Habib Ben Bacha, A Review of Solar Thermal Electricity Production, International Journal of
Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 8(3), September 2011, 349- 355.
[5] Gerald Müller, Low Pressure Solar Thermal Converter, Renewable Energy, 35(1), 2010, 318–321.

Abstract: This paper present an overview of fuzzy logic control based on published literature, concerned the stability of the electric power system and considerable effort has been directed to the development control system process. This review work on fuzzy logic elaborates the scope of fuzzy logic implementation in process control applications to enhancements the efficiency of the electrical power system stability

[1]. Henrik Legind Larsen "Fundamentals of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic" Aalborg University Esbjerg .AAUE Computer Science / 6/sept. 2005.pp5-8
[2]. Yogesh Misra"A review on application of fuzzy logic in increasing the efficiency of industrial process" (IJLTET) Vol. 1 Issue 3 September 2012, 111 ISSN: 2278-621X
[3]. Jagdev Singh, Nirmal Singh and J K Sharma "Fuzzy modeling and control of HVAC system" A review. Journal of Scientific&Industrial Research, Vol.65, June 2006, pp470-476
[4]. H.Cai, Z.Qu, D.Gan, J .F.Dorsey, "A Robust Power System Stabilizer Design Based on Lyapunov's Approach", Proceedings of the American Control Conference Albuquerque, New Mexico June 1997, 0-7803-3832-4/97/$10.00, 1997 AACC.
[5]. Khaddouj Ben Meziane,Faiza Dib Ismail Boumhidi"Fuzzy sliding mode controller for power system " Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20th August 2013.

Abstract: The cost effective circuit presented is a simple solution to frequent blackouts experienced in homes throughout Nigeria. It is basically a solar charge controller comprising two different switching circuits for battery charging and DC load driving, using readily available and cheap components. A TL494 switch mode IC is configured as a DC-DC buck converter and its duty cycle used to control the switching of a Sziklai pair of output transistors for charging a sealed lead acid battery. The two error amplifiers in the chip are used to set the output voltage and to implement current limiting respectively. The voltages at the non-inverting inputs of both error amplifiers during the charging process are monitored and logged at three minute intervals with a data logger to observe the charging process. A 555 timer oscillator and a power MOSFET driven by a push-pull low power complementary transistor pair are used for power switching of DC loads such as fans or LED bulbs.

Keywords: Charge Controller, Constant Current-Constant Voltage, DC-DC Buck Converter, Duty Cycle, Solar LED Lighting.

[1] TL494 Switch mode pulse width modulation control circuit. ON Semiconductor. [Online] Available at http://onsemi.com [Accessed November 16, 2007].

[2] P. Griffith, Designing Switching Voltage Regulators with the TL494 Application Report SLVA001D. Texas Intruments. Rev. [Online] Available at: www.ti.com/lit/an/slva001e/slva001e.pdf [Accessed November 16, 2007].

[3] J.H. Alberkrack, A simplified power supply design using the TL494 control circuit, AN983/D. [Online] Available at http://onsemi.com [Accessed October 22 2007].

[4] I. Ozkaynak, Theory of operation of Ni-MH Battery Charger. [Online] Available at: http://powerelectronics.com/site- files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/mag/606PET25.pdf [Accessed April 4, 2015].

[5] D. Schelle, and J. Castorena, Buck-Converter Design Demystified Power Electronics Technology. [Online] Available at: http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/mag/606PET25.pdf [Accessed April 4, 2015].

Abstract: In this paper, the conventional DC-DC converter is replaced with a High Step-up Converter for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in solar power applications. The performance of converter-inverter technology to drive a brushless DC motor is analysed. The converter switching power losses is eliminated by zero-voltage method in this proposed converter. The fuzzy controlled high step-up converter increases the output voltage from the panel compared to the conventional type.

[1] Azadeb Safari and SaadMekhilef, "Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental Conductance MPPT with Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter", IEEE TRANSCATION ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL.58, NO.4, APRIL 2011.
[2] Ch. Hua and Ch. Shen, Comparative study of peak power tracking techniques for solar storage system, in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC'98), Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 679-685.
[3] H.D. Maheshappa, J. Nagaraju and M. V. Murthy, An improved maximum power point tracker using a step-up converter with current locked loop, Renewable Energy, vol. 13, nº 2, pp. 195-201, 1998.
[4] Nobuyoshi Mutoh, Masahiro Ohno and Takayoshi Inoue, "A Method for MPPT Control while Searching for Parameters Corresponding to weather Conditions for PV Generation Systems", IEEE TRANSACTION ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL.53, NO.4, AUGUST 2006.
[5] PallabMidya, Ken Haddad and Matt Miller, "Buck or Boost Tracking Power Converter", IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS LETTERS, VOL.2, NO.4, DECEMBER 2004.
[6] Oscar Lopez-Laperia, Maria Teresa Penellaand, "A New MPPT Method for Low-Power Solar Energy Harvesting", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL.57, NO.9, SEPTEMBER 2010.
[7] Max Savio, Hemanthakumar, M. Sasikumar, "Power optimization and performance Evaluation of High Step Up Solar System for DC drives", International Journal of advance research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 10, pp. 4620-4627. Oct 2013.

Abstract: The Power consumption of large scale integrated circuits increasing with each generation which becomes a serious design issue. This paper proposed a generalized power tracking algorithm that reduces power directly by dynamic control of supply voltage and body bias. The DVTS algorithm-(Dynamic Voltage and threshold scaling algorithm) save the leakage power during active mode of the circuit. Total active power can be minimized by dynamically adjusting Vdd and Vth based on circuit operating conditions such as temperature, workload, and circuit architecture.

[1]. J. Kao, M. Miyazaki, and A. Chandrakasan, "A 175-MV multiply-accumulate unit using an adaptive supply voltage and body bias architecture," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1545–1554, Nov. 2002,
[2]. K. Nose and T. Sakurai, "Optimization of VDD and VTH for low power and high speed applications," in Proc. Asia South Pacific Des. Autom. Conf., 2000, pp. 469–474.
[3]. M. Elgebaly and M. Sachdev, "Variation-aware adaptive voltage scaling system," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 560–571, May 2007.
[4]. R. McGowan, C. Poirier, C. Bostak, J. Ignowski, M. Millican, W. Parks, and S. Naffziger, "Power and temperature control on a 90-nm Itanium family processor," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 229–237, Jan. 2006.
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Abstract: This paper focuses on the combination of wind, photovoltaic (PV), and battery for satisfying a hydrogen fueling station power demand. Wind and PV are the main power sources of the station, while as the wind turbine output power varies with the wind speed and the PV output power varies with irradiance: a battery is integrated with the PV /wind output to satisfy the system performance under all conditions. This researchproposes new design of a hydrogen fueling station by using a water cooling system for the hydrogen fueling station, and then fed the hot water to the car washunit.

[1] Ogden, Joan M., Robert H. Williams, Eric D. Larson (2004) "Societal Lifecycle Costs of Cars with Alternative
Fuels/Engines", Energy Policy 32 (1), 7 – 27.
[2] Mustafa A. Al-Refai, "Matlab/Simulink Simulation of Solar Energy Storage System" International Journal of Electrical, Computer,
Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:8, No:2, 2014.
[3] Huan-Liang Tsai, Ci-Siang Tu and Yi-Jie Su, "Development of Generalized Photovoltaic Model Using Matlab/Simulink,"
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2008, pp.1-6, October 2008.
[4] F.Attivissimo,A.DiNisio,M. Savino, and M. Spadavecchia, "Uncertainty analysis in photovoltaic cell parameter estimation," IEEE
Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 1334–1342, May 2012.
[5] E.S. Abdin,W. Xu, Control design and dynamic performance analysis of a wind turbine-inductiongenerator unit, IEEE Trans.
Energy Conversion 15 (1) (2000) 91–96.

Abstract: In this work, we have presented a design technique for the low-noise amplifier of wide-band wireless receivers in frequency range 2 to 4 GHz (S-Band). We have utilized ADS software in order to analyze the design method. In the first part, we have described the design of low noise amplifier for wide-band based on lumped element by utilizing ATF-10136 amplifier technology in ADS software. In the second part, we have designed low noise amplifier for the frequency range 2 to 4GHz wide-band based on microstrip matching network. The simulation results indicate the excellence of microstrip matching network in comparison to lumped element matching network in this work.

Keywords: Low Noise Amplifier; Noise Figure; Stability; matching Network; ADS

[1]. M. Meloui, I. Akhchaf, H. Setti, M. Charif, and M. Essaaidi, A Flat Gain Low Noise Amplifier For1.8 to 4 GHz Wide Band Receivers , IEEE Microwave Symposium (MMS), 2009 Mediterrannean , 15-17 Nov. 2009 , 1 – 3

[2]. Kulkarni, A.P. ; Ananthakrishnan, S., 1 to 3 GHz Wide Band Low Noise Computers and Devices , Amplifier Design Receivers for Communication (CODEC), 2012 5th International Conference on

[3]. D. M. Pozar, Microwave engineering, 2nd Ed, Wiley and Sons, New York 1998.

[4]. Guillermo Gonzalez (1997), Microwave Transistor Amplifiers Analysis and Design, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, NewJersey

[5]. G. Gonzalez, Microwave transistor amplifiers: Analysis and design, 2nd Ed, Prentice Hall, 1997.

[6]. Pieter L.D. Abrie, Design of RF and microwave amplifiers and oscillators, Artech House 199.

[7]. Tri. T. Ha, Solid-state microwave amplifier design, Wiley, New York 1981

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Abstract: In this work, we investigate the effect of increasing the work function of the anode on luminance power and recombination rate. For this purpose, we choose a high-work function anode, and a low-work function anode. Then, we investigate their influences on luminance power and recombination rate. Therefore, two organic light-emitting diodes are designed by utilizing the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and zinc oxide (ZnO) anode, and then we compare their performance. We utilize Langevin model and Poole-Frenkel model to analyze the OLEDs. The results indicate that increasing work function anode affects increasing luminance power, anode current and recombination rate.

Keywords: OLED; work function anode; ITO; ZnO; work function

[1] L.G.D. Arco, Y. Zhang, C.W. Schlenker, K. Ryu, M.E. Thompson, C. Zhou, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 2865.
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[5] A. Kumar, C.W. Zhou, The race to replace tin-doped indium oxide: which material will win? ACS Nano 4 (2010) 11e14
[6] K.H. Hong, J.L. Lee, Recent developments in light extraction technologies of organic light emitting diodes, Electronic Materials Letters 7 (2) (2011) 77e91.

Abstract: A single line contingency analysis and generator(s) outages were carried out on a 330kV power network using MATPOWER 4.1 embedded in MATLAB to carry out fast decoupled load flow studies in order to identify the voltage violation at various buses, determine power losses at the transmission lines and to compute the performance indices. The performance indices were further ranked in accordance with their severity indices. Voltages less than 0.95pu were assumed to be low voltages and voltages greater than 1.05pu were also assumed to be high voltages. It was also assumed that power losses greater than 5% are unacceptable. So a base case comparative analysis of the load flow studies using three conventional methods showed that Gauss Seidel could not converge in 0.93seconds and 1000 iterations, Newton Raphson converged in 0.15seconds and 6 iterations.

[1]. O. A. Ezechukwu. "Expansion planning for Nigerian‟s South East Electric Power Transmission Network". The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJS) Volume 2, Issue 9, pp.1804-1805, 2013.
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Abstract:Cloud computing has formed the conceptual and infrastructural basis for tomorrow's computing. The
global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud based architecture. While it is important to
take advantages of could based computing by means of deploying it in diversified sectors, the security aspects in
a cloud based computing environment remains at the core of interest. Cloud based services and service
providers are being evolved which has resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology. With the
introduction of numerous cloud based services and geographically dispersed cloud service providers, sensitive
information of different entities are normally stored in remote servers and locations with the possibilities of
being exposed to unwanted parties in situations........

Keywords: Cloud computing, cloud service, cloud security, computer network, distributed computing, security.

[1]. Abbadi, I.M. and Martin, A. (2011). Trust in the Cloud. Information Security Technical Report, 16, 108-114.
doi:10.1016/j.istr.2011.08.006
[2]. Agarwal, A. and Agarwal, A. (2011). The Security Risks Associated with Cloud Computing. International Journal of Computer
Applications in Engineering Sciences, 1 (Special Issue on CNS), 257-259.
[3]. Arshad, J, Townsend, P. and Xu, J. (2013).A novel intrusion severity analysis approach for Clouds. Future Generation Computer
Systems, 29, 416–428. doi:10.1016/j.future.2011.08.009
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Abstract:Cluster analysis divides the data into groups that are meaningful, useful or both. It is also used as a
starting point for other purposes of data summarization. This paper discuss some very basic algorithms like Kmeans,
Fuzzy C-means, Hierarchical clustering to come up with clusters, and use R data mining tool. The
results are tested on the datasets namely Online News Popularity, Cyber Crime Data Set data analysis. All
datasets was analyzed with different clustering algorithms and the figures we are showing is the working of
them in R data mining tool. Every algorithm has its uniqueness and antithetical behavior.

Keywords: k-means algorithm, fuzzy c-means algorithm, hierarchical clustering algorithm, R tool

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Abstract:With the advancement of sensor innovation, MEMS,wireless communications and the wide
use of remote sensor, Wireless Sensor Networks have been given extraordinary consideration in
industry field and our day by day life. So as to acknowledge farming modernization and rural condition
security, this paper plans Agricultural environment monitoring framework dependent on remote sensor
systems, and gives the equipment structure of sensor hubs and the flowchart of programming. Analyses
have demonstrated that the framework is low force utilization and has stable running and high
exactness, which can understand remote ongoing checking for unattended agribusiness condition
observing.

Keywords: Agricultural environment monitoring, wireless communications, MEMS;

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