iosr-JEEE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2018

Abstract: Theaim of paper is to presents a technique based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to identify the switching operation plan for feeder reconfiguration and optimum size value of DG simultaneously. The key purpose is to diminish the real and reactive power losses and improve the bus voltage profile in the system while satisfying all the distribution constraints. A method based on PSO algorithm to find out the minimum formation is presented and their impact on the network real power losses and voltage profiles are investigated. The results are obtained through MATLAB coding

Key Words : Radial Distribution System,Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Distributed Generation (DG), loss reduction and MATLAB.

[1]. S. Civanlar, J.J. Grainger, H. Yin, S.S.H. Lee, "Distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction", IEEE Trans. Power Del. 3 (3) (1988)1217–1223.
[2]. E. Lopez, h. Opaso., "Online reconfiguration considering the variability deman", applications to real networks, IEEE Trans. Power Syst.19 (1)(2004) 549–553.
[3]. Wu, J.S.; Tomsovic, K.L. and Chen, C.S., "A Heuristic Search Approach to Feeder Switching Operations for Overload, Faults, Unbalanced Flowand Maintenance", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 6, No. 4, Oct. 1991, pp. 1579-1586
[4]. Zhou, Q.; Shirmohammadi, D. and Liu, W.-H. E., "Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration for Operation Cost Reduction", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 12, No. 2, May 1997, pp. 730-735
[5]. N. RugthaiCharoencheep and S. Sirisumrannukul "Feeder Reconfiguration for Loss Reduction in Distribution System with Distributed Generators by Tabu Search", GMSARN International Journal 3 (2009) 47 – 54.

Abstract: This research focused on the optimization of power loss on Nigerian 330kV, 30-bus transmission line by installing high power electronics called FACTS device to improve the key parameters (line impedance, phase angle and voltage magnitude) and also increase the stability of the system. This was achieved through the use of genetic algorithm as it helps in finding an optimal location for the FACTS device. The load flow analysis for the 30bus transmission line was gotten through the use of power flow toolbox (PFATB). After optimization, it was observed that there........

Key Words : FACTS, real and reactive power, Static Compensator (STATCOM),voltage profile (VPII), loss improvement index(LLII) Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), Thyristor Controlled series compensator (TCSC), power profile

[1]. Patrick D.R and Fardo S.W, "Electrical Distribution system" second Edition ,the fairmouth press inc. 2009, pg 1
[2]. Joseph S. " The seven types of power problem" http://www.eepublishers.co
[3]. Obi Patrick .I et al "improving electric power quality in Nigeria Existing 330kV ,28 bus electric power system using static Var compensator system" international journal of engineering research and technology ISSN: 2278- 0181 vol.2 issue 8, August 2013, pp1060-1066.
[4]. Omoroguiwa E. and Ike S. "power flow control in the Nigeria 330kV integrated power network using unified power flow controller" international journal of engineering innovation and research vol. 3 , issue 6, ISSN 2277- 5668
[5]. Bikash Pal " FACTS devices and application from flexible AC Transmission system:modelling and control" www.globalspec.com/reference/35205/203279/chapter-1-FACTS-devices-and-application.

Abstract: The analytical approach in transient stability assessment is inadequate to handle real time operation of power system due to the unavailability of accurate mathematical equations for most dynamic systems, and given the large volume of data required and requires long simulation time to assess the stability limits of the system. To cope with the shortcoming of the analytical approach, a computational intelligence method based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was developed in this paper to monitor transient stability status in real time when HDG is integrated into a multi-machine network. Five ANNs were used for the monitoring. Appropriate data related to the hybrid generation (i.e., Solar PV, wind generator, small hydropower) were generated using the analytical approach for the training and testing of the ANN models.

Key Words : Hybrid distributed generation, distributed generation,monitoring, real time, critical clearing time. Wind turbine, Solar PV, Hydropower system, export, import,

[1]. S.C.Savulescu, Real time stability assessment in Modern power system control centres. John Willey&Sons, Inc, Publication, 2009.
[2]. S. C. Savulescu, Real-Time Stability in Power Systems: Techniques for Early Detection of the Risk of Blackout. Springer, 2005.
[3]. P.K Olulope, K.A Folly, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, ―Modeling And Simulation of Hybrid Distributed Generation and Its Impact on Transient Stability of Power System‖, International conference on Industrial technology (ICIT) 2013, 25-27 February 2013.
[4]. P.K Olulope, ‗Transient stability Assessment of Hybrid Distributed Generation using Computational Intelligence‖ Thesis Submitted to University of Cape Town, South Africa 2014

[5]. D. Srinivasan, C. S. Chang, A. C. Liew, and K. C. Leong, ―Power system security assessment and enhancement using artificial neural network,‖ in 1998 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1998. Proceedings of EMPD '98, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 582–587..

Abstract: A sliding mode control technique (SMC) is used for achieving maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of solar-PV array. The Lyapunov function-based control technique is designed and developed for the DC-AC inverter to the functions of an active power injection to the grid, balanced grid currents at unity power factor and load currents harmonics compensation.The proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking controller generates current reference directly from the sensorboard, and the current controller uses the sliding mode technique for the tight regulation of theinjected grid current.The sliding mode controller has been designed using a time-varying slidingsurface to control the sinusoidal current injected to the grid. The structure of a proposed system issimple and robust against............

Key Words : Lyapunov-based function, MPT, PV array, power quality improvement sliding mode control approach, stability analysis.

[1]. Chiang SJ, Chang KT, Yen CY. Residential photovoltaic energy storage system. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics. vol. 45, no 3. pp. 385 - 394, June. 1998
[2]. H. Tarik Duru"A maximum power tracking algorithm based on Impp = f(Pmax) function for matching passive and active loads to a photovoltaic generator, " Solar Energy, vol. 80, pp812- 822, July 2006.
[3]. F. Scapino, F. Spertino, "Load curves at DC side: a useful tool to predict behaviour and the design to grid-connected photovoltaic systems", IEEE International symposition on industrial electronics, Vol. 3, pp. 981-986. May 2002.
[4]. A. B. G. Bahgat, N . H. Helwab, G. E. Ahmad, E. T. El Shenwyb, "Maximum power point tracking controller for PV systems using neural networks," Renewable Energy. Vol. 30, pp. 1257–1268, 2005.
[5]. M. Dai, M. N. Marwali, J. W. Jung and A. kheni, "power flow control of a single distributed". IEEE power systems conference and exposition. Vol. 1. pp. 398-403. Octobre 2004..

Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyse the role of open access electricity market with growing renewable energy penetration for energy system development and welfare in developing economy. The hypothesis is that open access is a framework for development of power market for promoting competition in power sector to allow freedom for consumers (suppliers) to choose suppliers (consumers). The focal questions are related to incentives arising from the operational environment, their impact on existing power sector structure, and further research and development needs.The paper comprises current status of Indian power market, its future with increase of renewable energy generation and rise of electricity demand, role and challenges of open access in electricity market.

Key Words : Open Access, Renewable Energy, Power Market.

[1]. "Welcome to Government of India | Ministry of Power", Powermin.nic.in, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://powermin.nic.in
[2]. "Draft National Policy on RE based Mini/Micro grids", mnre.gov.in, June 2016. [Online]. Available: http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/draft-national-Mini_Micro-Grid-Policy.pdf
[3]. "Ministry of New and Renewable Energy", Mnre.gov.in, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.mnre.gov.in
[4]. A.Kumar,"Comparative analysis of.........

Abstract: In this paper the study of use of salt water as a conducting fluid, for electricity generation is presented. From the survey, it is found that the requirement of power will increase in next decade, hence the use of non-conventional energy will also be increased. In non-conventional energy systems, magneto-hydro dynamic (MHD) power generation system is one of the most reliable and lossless systems. The advantages of using MHD power generation in the system is to reduce on carbon and other emissions and to ensure the longevity of our fossil fuel reserve. Since salt water is available in abundance and there are very few applications in which salt water is used as compared to quantity of salt water available in ocean, use of salt water for electricity generation in MHD power generation..........

Key Words : Conductivity, Flow rate, magnet, MHD Power Generation, salt water..

[1]. S K Dubey, S K Bhargava, "Non Conventional Energy Resources", first edition, Dhanpat Rai & Co., pp 127.
[2]. G.D.Rai, "Non-Conventional Sources of Energy", Khanna publishers, fifth edition 2011 pp 661.
[3]. Samuel O. Mathew, Obed C. Dike, Emmanuel U. Akabuogu, and Jemina N. Ogwo, "Magneto Hydro Dynamics Power Generation using Salt Water ", Asian Journal of Natural and Applied Science, vol .1 no.4, December 2012, pp 66-69.
[4]. Ajith Krishnan R, Jainshah B S, "Magneto Hydro Dynamics Power Generation", International Journal of Scientific and research publication, vol 3, issue 6, 2013.
[5]. A.R. Kantraoitz, T.R. Brogan, R.J. Rosa, J.F. Louis, "Magneto Hydro Dynamics Power Generator- Basic principles, state of art and areas of application", IRE transactions of military electronics, pp-78.

Abstract: Recently programmable logic controllers and control panels have frequently been started using together. The control panels allow the operator to monitor and control all inputs and outputs connected to the programmable controller through control and monitoring programs named SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisitions. In this study it was done speed, run time and lap control of a three-phase asynchronous motor with the aid of control panel. The control system created for this purpose consists of two parts as hardware and software. Hardware part is formed by a programmable controller, a touch panel, an encoder, a temperature sensor and a three-phase asynchronous motor. And the software part is formed P.L.C. and a control and monitoring program prepared with the SCADA program. According to selections made from the control panel it was provided continuous operation of the motor..........

Key Words : Asynchronous motor, control panel, motor control, programmable logic controller, speed control

[1]. Avcı, O., Güvenilir Bir Entegre Kontrol Sistemi. Vol. 101. Eksen Yayıncılık, Teknik Kitaplar Serisi.
[2]. Kurtulan, S., Endüstriyel kumanda sistemleri. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul, 2007.
[3]. Siemens, A., SIMATIC S7-200 Operating Instruction. 2002, İstanbul.
[4]. Siemens, A., SIMATIC HMI Device TP177A, TP177B, OP177B Operating Instruction. 2008, Germany.
[5]. DSR60-61 Incremental Encoder, SICK-STEGMANN, Editor.
[6]. Çolak, İ., Asenkron motorlar. 2001: Nobel Yayın dağıtım.

Abstract: Intelligent identification of characters is widely used in many ways, such as license plate recognition, train number identification, container number identification and so on. The recognition system of machine parts' characters is an important component of anassembly line, which can greatly increase the production efficiency.In this paper, the system was designed based on an embedded development platform. The machine parts' imageswere acquired by an ov7670 camera, then they were preprocessed by grayscale changing, denoising, morphological filtering, positioning and segmenting. At last, a template matchingmethod was used to recognize the segmented character blocks. The results were displayedon the LCD in real time..

Key Words : Character Recognition, Image Processing, Template Matching

[1]. IJ Goodfellow, Y Bulatov, J Ibarzet.Multi-digit Number Recognition from Street View Imagery using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks[J].Computer Science , 2013:1-13.
[2]. LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., and Haffner, P. Gradient based learning applied to document recognition.Proc. IEEE, 1998.
[3]. Jun-Wei Hsieh, Shih-Hao Yu, Yung-Sheng Chen, MorphologybasedLicense Plate Detection from Complex Scenes, 16thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Vol 3,2002.
[4]. A. Rahman, Ahmad Radmanesh, A Real Time Vehicle's LicensePlate Recognition, Proceedings of the IEEE on Advanced Video andSignal Based Surveillance, AVSS'03, 2003.
[5]. STM32F107xx Datasheet, ST LTD. 2015..

Abstract: This paper presents the design of 10-bit current steering DAC of binary and segmented architectures with 400MHz clock frequency. This circuit is designed in 130nm technology; with a supply voltage of 3.3V.This design is based on double ended current steering DAC topology. By observing different current cell architectures the best current cell is chosen for these architectures. The DAC is implemented using 130nm CMOS technology consumes 41.2mW for binary and 41mW for segmented (7:3) at 400MHz clock rate.

Key Words : Binary, Current Steering, DAC, Segmented, SFDR.

[1]. Fang-Ting Chou and Chung-Chih Hung "Glitch Energy Reduction and SFDR Enhancement Techniques for Low-Power Binary
Weighted Current-Steering DAC", IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems, vol. 24, no. 6, June 2016.
[2]. Chan-Keun Kwon and Junil Moon, Soo-Won Kim, A 12-Bit 500-MS/s Current Steering CMOS DAC for High-Speed PLC
Modems, Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers Vol. 25, No. 10 (2016) 1650122.
[3]. Maliang Liu, Zhangming Zhu, and Yintang Yang, "A High-SFDR 14-bit 500 MS/s Current-Steering D/A Converter in 0.18 μm
CMOS", IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems, vol. 23, no. 12, December 2015.
[4]. LiXueqing, FanHua, WeiQi, XuZhen, LiuJianan, and Yang Huazhong. "A 14-bit 250-MS/s current-steering CMOS digital-to-
Analog converter".©2013Chinese Institute of Electronics.
[5]. H. C. Ferreira, L. Lampe, J. Newbury and T. G. Swart, Power Line Communications: Theory and Applications for Narrowband and
Broadband Communications Over Power Lines (Wiley, 2010)..

Abstract: OFDM is a multi carrier modulation technique used in the various digital communication systems like 3G GSM, WiMAX, and LTE etc. The main advantage of this transmission technique is their hardiness to channel fading in wireless communication environment. Extensive connectivity, low latency and very high data transfer are the unique features of 5G networks. The digital audio Broadcasting, asynchronous digital subscriber line (ADSL) and high bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) systems etc are some of the applications of OFDM in communication. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) are two digital signal processing algorithm involved...........
Key Words : 3G GSM, WiMAX, LTE, ADSL, HDSL, Radix-2.

[1]. Ahmed Saeed, M.Elbably, G.Abdelfadeel, and M.I.Eladway, "Efficient FPGA Implementation of FFT/IFFT Processor", International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing.
[2]. R. Storn. Radix-2 FFT-pipeline architecture with reduced noise-to-signal ratio. IEE Proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process., 141(2):81–86, Apr. 1994
[3]. Erling H. Wold "Pipelined and Parallel-pipelined FFT processor for VLSI Implementation" 0018-9340/84/0500- 0414$01 .00 © 1984 IEEE
[4]. Oh, J. Y. and Lim, M. S., "New radix-2 to the 4th power pipeline FFT processor", IEICE Trans. Electron., E88-C(8), 2005, pp.1740-1746.
[5]. Cho, T . S . and L ee, H . H ., " A high-speed low-complexity modified radix-25 FFT processor for high rate WPAN applications", IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., 21(1), 2013, pp.187-191..

Abstract: Fiber strengthened composite materials are currently a significant class of a designing materials.
They offer extraordinary mechanical properties, one of a kind adaptability in plan capacities, and simplicity of
manufacture. Extra points of interest incorporate light weight and erosion opposition, sway obstruction, and
phenomenal weakness quality. Today fiber composites are routinely utilized in such assorted applications as
autos, airplane, space vehicles, seaward structures, compartments and funneling, outdoor supplies, hardware,
and machines. In the current work, micromechanical conduct of a square unit cell of uni-directional fiber
fortified composite with orthotropic filaments (viz., Hexply Im7-8552, Kelvar and Carbon T300) installed in
epoxy gum has been dissected under tractable stacking utilizing Finite component investigation programming
bundle Ansys 13.0...........

Key Word: Epoxy, Finite Element Analysis, FRP, Interface, Lamina, Micromechanics.

[1]. Chen C H & Cheng S, Trans ASME J Appl Mech, 37 (1970) 186-189
[2]. Syed Altaf Hussain, B.SiddaReddy.B and NageswarReddy.V, "prediction of elastic properties of FRM composite lamina for
Longitudinal loading" Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN), vol. 3(6), 2008, pp. 70-75.
[3]. Tandon, G.P., "Evaluation of interfacial normal strength in a SCS-0/Epoxy composite with cruciform specimens." Composites
Science and Technology, vol. 60, 2000, pp. 2281-2295.
[4]. Wang, Q. and Chiang, F.P., "Experimental characterization of interface mechanical properties of composites." Composites, part : B,
vol. 27B, 1996, pp. 123-128.
[5]. Nimmer, R.P., "Fiber-Matrix interface stresses in the presence of thermally induced residual stresses", Journal of Composites
Technology and Research, JCTRER, Vol. 12(2), summer 1990, pp. 65-75.

Abstract: This study addressed Social perceptions and awareness about environmental warming in India
through a survey of 851 subjects in the city of Delhi in the year 2017. A stratified sample of nine segments of
society showed that, although people consider environmental warming a serious problem, they do not clearly
understand its causes, impacts, and solutions. The analysis of data using paired T-tests indicated differences in
levels of awareness about environmental warming, across age and education. ANOVA and regression analysis
suggested that levels of awareness among respondents varied according to their occupation. The degree of
seriousness with which subjects viewed environmental warming influenced the degree of their support for ecofriendly
initiatives.........

Key Words: ANOVA and regression, GHG discharges

[1] Beerbaum, S., & Weinerbe, G. (2000). Solar thermal power generation in India: A Techno–economic analysis. Renewable Energy,
21(2), 153-174.
[2] Bord, R. J., Fisher, A., & O'Connor, R. E. (1998). Social perceptions of environmental warming: United States and international
perspectives. Climate Research, 11, 75-84.
[3] Bostrom, A., Morgan, M. G., Fischhoff, B., & Read, D. (1994). What do people know about environmental climate change? –
Mental models. Risk Analysis, 14(6), 959-970.
[4] Bowonder, B. (1986). Integrating perspectives in environmental management. Environmental Management, 11(3), 305-315.
[5] Bulkeley, H. (2000). Common knowledge: Social understanding of climate change in Newcastle, Australia. Social Understanding of
Science, 9, 313-333.

Abstract: The motivation behind this examination is to research the impact of the execution components of
Performance Measurement System (PMS) on government foundation to the hierarchical presentation of the
Regional Device Work Unit (RDWU). It is intervened by the factors the utilization of execution estimation and
responsibility frameworks of Central Java Province. Execution, use and responsibility are the phases of action
attempted in the structure of execution estimation frameworks. While the presentation of the association is the
accomplishment of the executives as estimated from the degree of accomplishment of the program plan dictated
by the acknowledgment of the program that has been resolved. Execution is estimated by utilizing a money
related and non-budgetary methodology whose information originates........

Key words: Performance measurement system, implementation, quantitative research Data Availability

[1]. Adler, R., R. Akbar, R. Pilcher, and B. Perrin. 2012. "Performance measurement in Indonesia: the case of local government".
Pacific Accounting Review, Vol. 24, No. 3, pg.: 262-291.
[2]. Ahyaruddin, M., and R. Akbar. 2016. "The Relationship between the Use of PMS, organizational factors, accountability, and
performance of Public Sector Organizations". Journal of Indonesia Economy and Business, Vol. 31.
[3]. Balabonienė, I., and G. Večerskienė. 2015. "The Aspects of Performance Measurement in Public Sector Organization". Procedia -
Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 213, pp: 314-320.
[4]. Carpenter, V. L., dan E. H. Feroz. 2001. "Institutional teory & accounting rule choice: an analysis of four US state goverments"
decisions to adopt GAAP". Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 26.
[5]. Cavalluzo, K. S., dan C. D. Ittner. 2004. "Implementing PM Innovation: Evidence from Goverment". Accounting, Organizations
and Society, Vol. 29

Abstract: The fundamental reason for this study was to investigate the causal connection between the stock
market operation and economic growth and development in terms of an empirical literature framework. Stock
market experts have hold several opinion regarding functions of stock market like improving liquidity position
in the economy, amassing and assembling capital, watching supervisors and applying corporate control, giving
danger pooling and sharing administrations including speculation levels. The existing literatures argue that
stock markets are crucially related to the economic growth and hence a positive e relation exists between
efficient operation of stock market and economic prosperity of the country by affecting the aggregate quantum
of investment.

Keywords: Stock Market, Economic Growth &Developed.

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[2]. Bencivenga, V.R., Smith, B.D. (1991), Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth. Review of Economic Studies Limited,
58, 195-209.
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Presence of Remittances. IMF Working Papers 06/61 (Washington: International MonetaryFund).

Abstract: In the field of electrical network, it is necessary, under different conditions, to learn about the
behavior of the system. Power Flow Analysis is the tool per excellent that allow as to make a deep study and
define all quantities of each bus of the system. To determine power flow analysis there is a lot of methods, we
have either numerical or intelligent techniques. Lately, researchers always work on finding intelligent methods
that allow them to solve their complex problems. The goal of this article is to compare two intelligent methods
that are capable of predicting quantities; artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
using real electrical networks. To do that we used few significant discrepancies. These methods are
characterized by giving results in real time. To make this comparison successful, we implemented these two
methods, to predict the voltage magnitudes and the voltage phase angles, on two Moroccan electrical networks.
The results of the comparison show that the method of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system have more
advantages than the method of artificial neural network.

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Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 51-55, 2013.