iosr-JEEE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2020

Abstract: Nigeria with a population of over 170 million people and the largest country in West Africa cannot boast of constant electricity supply, more than 60 percent of the population is not served with electricity resulting to 100kWh as per capita consumption of electricity unlike Brazil, China, and South Africa which has 1934kWh, 1379kWh and 4500kWh. This has resulted in poor economic growth, inadequate health service, poor education facilities, and inadequate infrastructure service. The mode of operations of the defunct PHCN such as mode of payment, use of an unreliable database, poor customer services, method of bills distribution and meter reading which is not different from that of the present distribution companies (DISCOs) have also contributed to inefficiency in the sector. This paper takes a comparative look at the present situation of the Nigerian Power sector since the privatization exercise.....

Keywords: Power, Energy, Privatization, Economy, Consumers, distribution, System Operators

[1]. Anyaehie M. U., Nwadike, S. U., and Iwuamadi.O. C. (2018) "The Implications of Estimated Billing System on Nigerian Electricity Consumers" American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) Volume-7, Issue-4, pp-169-175. www.ajer.org
[2]. Anyaehie M. U. and Nwadike S. U. (2015) "Nigerian democracy, Independent Power Producers and Electricity Market" A paper presented at the Academic Staff Union of Polytechnics (ASUP) (Nedeke chapter) conference on "Strengthening Nigerian Economy, Democratic Structure And Governance for Sustainable Development" held at Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Imo State. 27th -30th October.
[3]. Bassey Udo, (2019). "Nigeria: TCN Records 100 System Collapses - 5,300 Interruptions in 6 Years – Discos". 24th September, 2019 Premium Times.
[4]. Eberhard, A., Shkaratan, M. (2011). Powering Africa: Meeting the Financial and Reform Challenges. Elsevier energy policy journal 42 (2012) 9. www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol.
[5]. Fidelis Mac-Leva and Simon Echewofun Sunday, (October, 2019). "SPECIAL REPORT: Despite huge investment in power, Nigeria suffered 206 grid collapses in 9 years". Premium Times.

Abstract: An Arduino UNO microcontroller based digital voltmeter has been designed and developed with liquid crystal display and voltage range indicator. A regulated low voltage power supply circuit (5 volt) has been developed to power up Arduino microcontroller. Arduino senses the input voltage, converts the analog voltage into digital value and displays the value through a liquid crystal display. The arduino also calculate the value and indicate the voltage range by turning on LED lights. A green LED indicates 0.1 to 5 volt range which is low voltage and can be used for powering up low voltage operated integrated circuits such as LM741, CA3140. A yellow LED indicates mid voltage range of 6 to 50 volt while red LED indicates higher than 50 volt which can be harmful and should be operated carefully for small integrated electronic circuits.

Keywords: Arduino UNO R3, liquid crystal display, LED, resistor, connecting wires.

[1]. Brunner, H., Hierholzer, M., Laska, T., &Porst, A. "Progress in development of the 3.5 kV high voltage IGBT/diode chipset and 1200 A module applications." Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and IC's. IEEE, (1997).
[2]. Pili, U., Violanda, R., &Pili, J. "Using a digital voltmeter and a smartphone camera to investigate the RC circuit." Physics Education 54.3 (2019): 033004.
[3]. Alam, A., Chowdhury, M. A. M., &Akter, F. "Design and Development of Arduino Based Radiation Survey Meter with Two Scintillation Detectors." (2019).
[4]. Pan T., Zhu Y., "Designing Embedded System with Arduino", Springer, New York, P- 17, 45, (2017).
[5]. Roly, N. A., Habiba, U., Kabir, H., Martuza, K. G., Akter, F., & Chowdhury, M. A. "Design and Development of Microcontroller Based Digital Soil pH Meter.

Abstract: In thisstudy, due to the lowsensitivity in existing high voltage DC (HVDC) evolutionaryalgorithmanalysis leads to aim in the application for detection and localization of faults in HVDC system. The advancement of power electronics in recentyearpaved the waves for particularimplementation of HVDC system. A comprehensivesurvey of researchliteratureusingvariousalgorithm has been proposed in thispaper. For faultdiagnosis in HVDC system and itcanbeobservedthat a new machine learningalgorithmslike K-NearestNeighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), protective performance of travelling wave protection, voltage protection, geneticalalgorithmartificial neural network basedresearchmethods are proposed in thispaper and all these are modeled in simulatingplatformwith MATLAB, PSCAD.

Key Word: HVDC, KNN, SVM, ELM, MATLAB, PSCAD, ANN, PSO.

[1]. FatihUnal , Sami Ekici "A Fault Location Technique For HVDC Transmission Lines Using Extreme Learning Machines" Dept of energy systems engineering, faculty of technology, Firat University, turkey, ICSG, Instanbul ,IEEE 2017.
[2]. Yew Ming YEAP, AbhisekUkil "Wavelet Based Fault Analysis In HVDC System" School of Electrical and electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, IEEE 2014.
[3]. Han Kunlun, CaiZexiang, Liu Yang, "Study On Protective Performance Of HVDC Transmission Line Protection With Different Types Of Line Fault" School of Electric Power, South China University Of Technology, Guangzhou, China, IEEE 2011.
[4]. Mou-Jie Chen, ShenLan, Duan-Yu Chen, "Machine Learning Based One-Terminal Fault Areas Detection IN HVDC Transmission System" College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China IEEE 2018.
[5]. K. G. Narendra, V. K. Sood , K. Khorasani R. Pate1 "Application of Radial Basis Function (RBF) Neural Network for Fault Diagnosis in a HVDC System". IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 1, February 1998.

Abstract: Background: Magnetic separation devices are widely used to separate tramp of iron from a specific feed of materials. These devices for separation employ a variety of mechanical designs.those designs are mainly chosen based on the application and the feed of materials.low intensity magnetic separation devices extend the application of magnetic separation by usingpermanent magnets for dry or wet feed. Materials and Methods: In thispaper,a study of the electromagnetic behavior ofparallelepipeds permanent magnet is presented. Based on magnetic vectorial approach and finit element method,Performance ofAlnico and NdFeBis put under comparaison.....

Keywords: Magnetic separation; Permanent magnet; Finite element Method; Vector potential.

[1]. Zhang Yuejin ; Xie Guodong and Tu Guanzhen, 3D Magnetic Field Computation of a Permanent Magnet Disc-Type Generator Using Scalar Potential Method ,JOURNALOF SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY ,Vol. I No. 3 Dec. 1997, 237 ;241.
[2]. Svoboda, J., Magnetic Techniques for the Treatment of Materials, Kluwer Academic Publishers,USA, 2004.
[3]. www.femm.info.
[4]. AhmetFenercioglu and Hamit Barutcu, Finite Element Analysis of Separation Force on Non-ferrous Metals Induced by Eddy Current Separator,2015.

Abstract: With the development of telecommunications and its applications, the design of compact antennas with high performances becomes a great necessity. Among the important requirements are: the high gain and directivity, the control of the gain pattern, the reduction of mutual coupling between elements, the multiband and broadband behavior, the reduction of reflection coefficient… The objective of this work is the presentation of the state of the art of the microstrip patch antenna array and its applications

Key Word: microstrip antenna array; smart antenna; phased array antennas; beam forming antennas; electronic beam scanning antennas

[1] O. Barrou, A. E. Amri, A. Reha, et M. Tarbouch, « Microstrip patch array antennas based on conventional geometries », in 2017 International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), Rabat, 2017, p. 1‑6.
[2] O. Barrou, A. E. EL AMRI, et A. Reha, « Study of electronically beam scanning of linear array antennas », Conf. Int. Conf. Comput. Wirel.Commun.Syst. ICCWCS16, 2016.
[3] R. L. Haupt, Antenna arrays: a computational approach. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2010.
[4] E. Levine, G. Malamud, S. Shtrikman, et D. Treves, « A study of microstrip array antennas with the feed network », IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 37, no 4, p. 426‑434, avr. 1989.
[5] N. C. Karmakar, M. E. Bialkowski, et S. K. Padhi, « Microstrip circular phased array design and development using microwave antenna CAD tools », IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, no 7, p. 944‑953, juill. 2002

Abstract: Background: Introduction of capacitor into a radial distribution network can bring about power loss reduction, minimization of total cost due to power loss and compensation, improvement of network voltage profile and stability index. This depends on the deliberate placement and sizing of shunt capacitor as improper allocation may yield negative results. Hence this paper aim to minimize the compensation cost, reduce total power loss, improve the voltage profile and stability index by the way of optimal placement and sizing of one to three shunt capacitors using Cuckoo Search Algorithm as optimization technique. Methodology: In this paper, the objective function is the minimization of the total annual cost due to the radial distribution system power losses and reactive power compensation....

Key Word: Radial distribution network; Shunt Capacitors; Cuckoo Search Algorithm; Reactive power compensation

[1]. Das P and Banerjee S. Optimal Sizing and Placement of Capacitor in a Radial Distribution System using Loss Sensitivity Factor and Firefly Algorithm. International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science. 2014; 3(4):5346-5352.
[2]. Elsheikh, A., Helmy, Y., Abouelseoud, Y. and Elsherif, A., "Optimal Placement and Sizing in Radial Electric Power Systems", Alexandra Engineering Journal. 2014;53: 809-816.
[3]. Masoum, M.A.S.; Ladjevardi, M.; Jafarian, M.; and Fuchs, E.F.; "Optimal placement, replacement and sizing of capacitor banks in distorted distribution networks by genetic algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004;19(4).
[4]. Ponnavaiko M., Prakasa Rao KS, "Optimal Placement of Fixed and Switched Shunt Capacitors on Radial Distributors by the Method of Local Variations", IEEE Transaction Power Application System. 1989; 102:725-734.
[5]. Baran, M.E. and Wu, F.F. Optimal Capacitor Placement on Radial Distribution Systems. IEEE Transaction Power Delivery. 1985; 4: 725-34.

Abstract: This research paper discusses different controller designs for the nonlinear Quadruple Tank Process. The process is a multi-input multi-output system designed to control the water level in the lower two tanks (1 and 2). To achieve this, we derived the mathematical model for the nonlinear Quadruple Tank Process based on physical laws, and consequently obtained the linearised state space equations. In other to make for practicality in real life control the linearised model dynamics was discretized. Furthermore, the Multivariable zero in the linearised model places a vital rule in that their zero location determines the dynamic behaviour (minimal phase and non-minimal....

Key Word: Zero Location, multivariable process, Integral of Absolute error, Integral of Absolute control.

[1] Akesson, M., Gustafsson, E., Johansson, K. H., Control design for a helicopter lab process, in "IFAC World Congress, San Francisco, CA,1996.
[2] Alamelumangai, V., Natarajan, S., Tuning methods of multi-loop controller for a multivariable process, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2010, 3(2):131–138.
[3] Astr¨om, K.,H¨agglund, T. Revisiting the ziegler–nichols step response method for PID control, Journal of process control,2004, 14(6): 635–650.
[4] Bristol, E., On a new measure of interaction for multivariable process control, IEEE transactions on automatic control, 1996, 133–134.
[5] Burns, R., Advanced control engineering, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.