iosr-JEEE   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2024

Abstract: Dielectric relaxation properties for aqueous solution of L-phenylalanine were carried out using time domain reflectrometry (TDR) technique at 250C, 200C, 150C and 100C in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 50 GHz. Aqueous solutions of L-phenylalanine are prepared for five different molar concentrations of the respective amino acid. The relaxation behaviour of aqueous solutions of L-phenylalanine has been illustrated by using Cole-Davidson model. The static dielectric constant (ε0), dielectric constant at high frequency (ε∞), relaxation time (τ) and relaxation time distribution parameter (β) extracted from the complex permittivity spectra using least squares fit method. Activation enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) show endothermic interaction. Also observed hydrogen bonding interactions for aqueous solution of L-phenylalanine through determination of Kirkwood correlation factor(geff.

Keywords: Dielectric properties, Kirkwood correlation factor, Thermodynamics

[1]. Sato T, Buchner R, Frenandez S, Chiba A, And Kunz W Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy Of Aqueous Amino Acid Solutions: Dynamics And Interactions In Aqueous Glycine. J Mol Liq 2005;117(1-3): 93-98.
[2]. Lokhande M P, Muzumdar S, And Mehrotra S C Dielectric Relaxation Study Of Glycine And Valine In Water Mixture Using Picosecond Time Domain Reflectometry. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1997;34(4): 385-390.
[3]. Chaudhari H C, Chaudhari A And Mehrotra S C Dielectric Study Of Aqueous Solutions Of Alanine And Phenylalanine Journal Of The Chinese Chemical Society 2005;52(1): 5-10.
[4]. Kumar K, Bhaumik S, Vishwam T, Subramanian V, And Murthy V R K Dielectric Relaxation Behaviour Of Glycine In Aqueous Solution Medium In The Microwave Frequency Region Int J Eng Mater Sci 2008;15(2): 196-198.
[5]. Baylay S T The Dielectric Properties Of Various Solid Crystalline Proteins, Amino Acids And Peptides. Trans Faraday Soc 1951;47: 509-518.

Abstract: This paper presents a brief overview on recent technological developments related to resolving the issues due to usage of permanent magnets in synchronous machines. This paper sheds some light on the latest technological developments, which have emerged in recent years, such as wound rotor synchronous machines, brushless WRSMs, and many others. Their aim is to address some of the issues with the conventional permanent magnet (PM) machines, such as recent unavailability, high cost, and demagnetization issues. The idea is to develop a brushless and wound-rotor type motors for dual speed applications, such as in washing machines, machines with high starting torque, and few other applications such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The main idea here is to minimize the use of permanent magnets (PM) by developing alternate methods......

Keywords- Permanent magnets (PM), Synchronous machines, Demagnetization, Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM), Wound-rotor synchronous machines (WRSM), Brushless WRSMs, Dual-speed applications, Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).

[1]. Wenping Chai, Student Member, Ieee, Zhen Cai, Senior Member, Ieee, Byung Il Kwon, Senior Member, Ieee, Jung Woo Kwon,
Member, Ieee, Design Of A Novel Low Cost Consequent Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine ", 10.1109/Access.2020.3032904, Volume 8, 2020
[2]. Tanveer Yazdan, Member Ieee, Muhammad Humza Member, Ieee, And Han Wook Cho, Member, Ieee, Three Phase Dual Winding
Multitasked Pmsm Machine Using Double Layer Concentrated Winding For Hev Application ", 10.110 9/Access.2023.3264568,
Volume 11, 2023
[3]. Zhen Sun, Student Member, Ieee, Kota Watanebe, Member, Ieee, And Xiaozhuo Xu, Member, Ces And Ieee, "Derivation Of Optimal
Rotor Topologies For Consequent Pole Pmsm By On/Off Method ", Ces Transactions On Electrical Machines And Systems, Vol. 5, No. 4, December 2021
[4]. Muhammad Ayub, Shahid Atiq, Qasim Ali, Asif Hussain And Byung-Il Kwon, Senior Member, Ieee, "Dual-Mode Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine For Variable Speed Applications", 10.1109/Access.2020.2999609, Volume 8, 2020
[5]. Ali Roshan Zamir, Kyu-Yun Hwang, Member, Ieee, Sung-Hyun Lee, Jung-Woo Kwon, Muhammad Ayub And Byung-Il Kwon, Senior Member, Ieee, "Dual-Mode Brushless Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine For High Starting Torque", 10.1109/Access.2022.3167886, Volume 10, 2022

Abstract: The first objective in this research is to solve a wave propagation in a straight waveguide where the rectangular cross section consists of a periodic array with seven alternating hollow and dielectric layers. The analytical methods are not effective for solving complex inhomogeneous problems in the cross section of the waveguide. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective numerical technique. We will develop an efficient technique that will solve this problem by using the mode model that based on Laplace and Fourier transforms and the inverse Laplace and Fourier transforms. The technique is important in order to generalize the mode model also for solve a complex and inhomogeneous problem in the cross section. The second and the main objective is to examine the effect of the wave propagation along a periodic array on the behavior of the output fields. The application is effective in the microwave and millimeter-wave regimes.

Keywords: Wave propagation, dielectric profiles, rectangular waveguide, dielectric material, rectangular cross section

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Abstract: Aiming at the problems of poor cutting quality, high breakage rate and low automation degree of potato slicer, a control system suitable for dynamic adjustment of potato feeding speed was developed. The system uses laser sensor and feed shunt device to detect feed speed, PLC to control feed speed, improve feed uniformity and cutting stability. At the same time, the hardware and software of the system are designed and tested. The test results show that the feed speed dynamic adjustment system can meet the qualified r.......

Key word Cutting machine, control system, PLC, Design a nd test

[1] Gao Kun, Tiao Xiaohong, Tan Bin Et Al. Present Situation And Prospect Of Potato Food Processing[J].Chinese Journal Of Grain And Oil,2021,36(08 ):161 168.(In Chinese)
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[3] Pang Ze, Tian Guokui, Wang Haiyan Et Al. Current Situation And Prospect Of Potato Industry Development In China [J]. Chinese Journal Of Potato Science, 2019,36(07):148 154. (In Chinese)
[4] Zhuo Huimin, Fu Sanze, Liu Heng Et Al. Current Situation Analysis And Suggestion Of Potato Industry Standard In China [J ].Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2019,47(21):248 250+270. (In Chinese)
[5] Yang Shuai, Min Fanxiang, Gao Yunfei Et Al. Development Status And Existing Problems Of Potato Industry In China In The New Century [J]. China Potato,2014,28(05):311 316.(In Chinese)

Abstract: In order to meet the demand of precision spraying operation of boom sprayer, a system for detecting the height of sprayer boom relative to the top of crop canopy using low cost two dimensional laser radar was developed in this paper. The detectio n system converts the data from the radar polar coordinate system to the two dimensional rectangular coordinate system by fusing the obtained plant point cloud data with the attitude sensor measurement angle, and divides the region of interest according to the radar scanning angle and the field crop planting pattern. The outlier and interference noise in the point cloud data are eliminated by the.......

Key word : Boom sprayer LiDAR det ection system ; detection algorithm

[1] Wang Shuzhi , Luo Yongyang , Liu Guyu And So On. Exploration On The Application Of Self Propelled Boom Sprayer In Paddy Field Operation [ J ]. China Plant P rotection Guide , 2023,43 (8) : 82 85.
[2] Zheng Qiang , Xu Youlin . Research Progress And Prospect Of Environmentally Friendly Pesticide Spraying Machinery [ J ]. Agricultural Machinery Journal , 2021,52 ( 3 ) : 1 16.
[3] Wang Guo , Zhang Xiao , Chen Xiao And So On. Re search Status And Prospect Of Pesticide Pr ecision Application Technology And
Equipment [ J ]. Chinese Journal Of Agricultural Machinery Chemistry , 2023,44 ( 6 ) : 68 73.[4] Liu Xuemei , Liu Xinghua , Cui Huiyuan , Etc. Research Progress And Prospect Of Crop Canopy Droplet Deposition [ J ]. Agricultural Machinery Journal , 2021,52 ( 11 ) : 1 20.
[5] H . Dou , C . Zhai , L . Chen , S . Wang And X . Wang , Field Variation Characteristics Of Sprayer Boom Height Using A Newly
Designed Boom Height Detection System ," In IEEE Access , Vol. 9, Pp. 17148 17160, 2021, Doi: 10.1109/ ACCESS .20 21.3053035.

Abstract: Background: A numerical analysis of an organohalide-based planar n-i-p perovskite solar cell (PSC) has been presented using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D). The performance of the FTO/Ti02/perovskite/CZTS PSC structure has been investigated by varying the thickness of the absorber layer. The effect of the doping density of the absorber layer on PSC performance has been investigated using SCAPS simulation. Considering an absorber thickness of 220 nm and an absorber doping density of 10 15 cm3, the PSC performance is also investigated for various electron/hole transporting materials (ETMs/HTMs). It has been found that the properties of HTM affect PSC performance more significantly than those of ETM. Finally, it is observed that the CZTS-based PSC shows better performance than the CIGS-based PSC.

Key word : PSC, Solar, HTM, PBS

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Abstract: Aluminum microspheres were fabricated by electromigration using a sample with sudden change in geometrical shape, where a hole in the transitional area was used to guide the formation of micromaterials. By performing electrical heating experiments, effects of several controlling factors including current density, current stressing time, temperature, and the size of guiding hole were explored. It was found that there is an optimal range of current density and temperature for fabricating Al micromaterials. Furthermore, good balance between the
discharging rate of atoms through the hole and cooling rate was identified by changing the size of the hole can make the growth of Al microsphere.

Keywords: Electromigration, Fabrication, Discharge, Adhesion, Thin film.

[1]. Z. Q. Zhang, C. B. Jiang, S. X. Li, And S. X. Mao, J. Cryst. Growth 277, 321 (2005)
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Abstract: One of the most common eye conditions that, if ignored, can cause blindness and vision loss is diabetic retinopathy (DR). Retinal fundus image analysis is extensively used for computer-assisted diagnosis and grading of diabetic retinopathy. Several deep learning-based automated algorithms are available for fundus image analysis-based diabetic retinopathy detection and grading. The purpose of this article is to summarise and assess the performance of various deep learning-based diabetic retinopathy detection and grading algorithms.......

Key word : Diabetic Retinopathy, Fundus Image, Deep Learning, Disease Detection, Diabetic Retinopathy Grading

[1] T. Bidwai And S. Thorat, "A Review On Techniques Used For Grading Severity Of Fundus Image," 2019 Innovations In Power And Advanced Computing Technologies (I-Pact), Vellore, India, 2019, Pp. 1-5, Doi: 10.1109/I-Pact44901.2019.8960154.
[2] A. Malhi, R. Grewal, And H. S. Pannu, "Detection And Diabetic Retinopathy Grading Using Digital Retinal Images," International Journal Of Intelligent Robotics And Applications, Vol. 7, No. 2, Pp. 426–458, Jan. 2023, Doi: 10.1007/S41315-022-00269-5.
[3] D. K. Elswah, A. A. Elnakib And H. El-Din Moustafa, "Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Grading Using Resnet," 2020 37th National Radio Science Conference (Nrsc), Cairo, Egypt, 2020, Pp. 248-254, Doi: 10.1109/Nrsc49500.2020.9235098.
[4] A. Lee, M. Khushi, P. Hao, S. Uddin And S. K. Poon, "Grading Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Using Modern Convolution Neural Networks (Cnn)," 2021 Ieee International Conference On Digital Health (Icdh), Chicago, Il, Usa, 2021, Pp. 19-26, Doi: 10.1109/Icdh52753.2021.00014.
[5] A. T. Nair, A. M. L And A. K. M. N, "Disease Grading Of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Learning Techniques," 2022 6th International Conference On Computing Methodologies And Communication (Iccmc), Erode, India, 2022, Pp. 1019-1024, Doi: 10.1109/Iccmc53470.2022.9754113.

Abstract: The Nigerian grid is presently dealing with several power issues that cause constant voltage falls and an inconsistent and unstable supply of electricity throughout the nation. This has adversely affected a country that was once tipped as the giant of Africa. These effects range from low productivity, a spike in the unemployment rates, high inflation rates, and the winding up of industries, etc in the country. This voltage collapse can be total or partial and this is a major concern for everyday power system operations and the economy of the nation. Over the previous 14 years, the Nigerian National Grid had an average of 16 system failures annually.........

Key word : Voltage collapse, Nigeria National Grid, Power System

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[3]. I. Samuel, S. Adebola, A. Ayokunle, K. James And A. Cladius. Voltage Collapse Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network. International Journal Of Electrical And Computer Engineering. 2021, 11(1).
[4]. S. Kumar, A. Rai, R. Pawar And A. Tripathi. Different Indices For Voltage Collapse Prediction In Power System. Journal Of Emerging Technologies And Innovative Research. 2017, 4(12).
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Abstract: Women safety has always been an issue even in these modern time with so much advancement in technology. Women are not safe anywhere and are most vulnerable when traveling alone into lonely roads and deserted places. Existing hand held safety devices for women require human intervention for activating the device such as pressing the button or shake the device etc after sensing the danger. We propose a solution which will try to overcome the disadvantages of the existing systems .This study aims to design and develop a smart and integrated solution for women safety using IoT technology. The problems we have overcome here using Arduino Nano, GSM, GPS, TP4056, Push Button, and hall sensor. Anytime when women sense danger only one button is to be pressed on the device. In such case, GPS tracks the location of the women & sends an emergency message using GSM to save contacts.

Key word : Arduino Nano, GSM, GPS

[1]. Wasim Akram, Mohit Jain and C. Sweetlin Hemalatha*, "Design of a Smart Safety Device for Women using IoT", INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN ADVANCED COMPUTING 2019, ICRTAC 2019, Procedia Computer Science 165 (2019) 656–662.
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[4]. MUHAMMAD SHOAIB FAROOQ1 , AYESHA MASOOMA1 , UZMA OMER , RABIA TEHSEEN3 , S. A. M. GILANI 4 and ZABIHULLAH ATAL 5, "The Role of IoT in Woman's Safety: A Systematic Literature Review", IEEE ACCESS, VOLUME 11, 2023.
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