iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2014

Abstract: In this era of digital world, with the evolution of technology, there is an essential need for optimization of online digital data and information. Nowadays, Security and Authenticity of digital data has become a big challenge. This paper proposes an innovative method to authenticate the digital documents. A new method of QR code is introduced here, which allows multiple encryption and decryption of digital data. In this paper, we propose a new method, where the resume of a candidate will be encoded in QR [Quick Response] Code in encrypted form, so that if an intruder tries to change the data in the resume then he cannot do that. This is because; the encryption key is unknown to him.

1]. Symmetric key cryptosystem using combined cryptographic algorithms - Generalized modified Vernam Cipher method, MSA method and NJJSAA method: TTJSA algorithm " Proceedings of Information and Communication Technologies (WICT), 2011 " held at Mumbai, 11th – 14th Dec, 2011, Pages:1175-1180.
[2]. Symmetric Key Cryptography using Random Key generator: Asoke Nath, Saima Ghosh, Meheboob Alam Mallik: "Proceedings of International conference on security and management(SAM'10" held at Las Vegas, USA Jull 12-15, 2010), P-Vol-2, 239-244(2010).
[3]. New Symmetric key Cryptographic algorithm using combined bit manipulation and MSA encryption algorithm: NJJSAA symmetric key algorithm: Neeraj Khanna,Joel James,Joyshree Nath, Sayantan Chakraborty, Amlan Chakrabarti and Asoke Nath : Proceedings of IEEE CSNT-2011 held at SMVDU(Jammu) 03-06 June 2011, Page 125-130(2011).
[4]. Somdip Dey, Joyshree Nath, Asoke Nath, "An Integrated Symmetric Key Cryptographic Method – Amalgamation of TTJSA Algorithm, Advanced Caesar Cipher Algorithm, Bit Rotation and Reversal Method: SJA Algorithm", IJMECS, vol.4, no.5, pp.1-9, 2012.

Abstract: Antennais atransformerortransmissionstructurebetweenguidedwave(transmission line) to thefree spacewaveorvice versa. Diverseforms ofthe antennaaccording to the design, deploymentpatterns, and the frequencyandgain. WhileIEEE802.11isa set ofstandards forimplementingwireless local area network(WLAN) computer communicationin the2.4GHz, 3.6 GHzand 5GHzfrequencybands. FortheWirelessLAN, usingthe center frequencyof 2.45 GHzand 5.8GHzas standardWi-Fi networks.Therefore, inthisfinaltask will bedesigned and realizeddualbandantennathat works onboth frequencies.

[1]. Bajaj, Sarita, Ajay Kaushik, "Design And Performance Analysis of Minkowski Square Loop Fractal Antenna," International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, 229-233, 2012.
[2]. Gianvittorio, J. P. andY. Rahmat-Samii, "Fractal antennas: A novel antenna miniaturization technique, andapplications," IEEE Antennas Propagation Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 1, 20–36, 2002.
[3]. Maci, S., G. BifJiGentili, "Dual-Frequency Patch Antennas," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 39, No.6, 1997
[4]. Mahatthanajatuphat, C., S. Saleekaw, P. Akkaraekthalin, "A Rhombic Patch Monopole Antenna with Modified Minkowski Fractal Geometry For UMTS, WLAN, and Mobile WiMax Application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 89, 57–74, 2009
[5]. Misra, P.N., "Planar Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Dualband Operation," IJCST, Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2011.
[6]. Misra, Priyanarayan, AmareshTripathy, "Triple Band Planar Antenna for Wireless Communication," International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.48, No.23, 2012

Abstract: The study of Artificial Immune Systems deals with the development of computational abstractions of the human immune system.AIS,in recent years has emerged as a new branch of Artificial Intelligence gaining ready acceptance in areas of computer security,anomaly detection,pattern recognition,robotics etc.There has been a lot of isolated work in this field till date which makes it difficult for anyone to have a complete overview of the evolution of AIS throughout the past years and its recent implementations.This review paper makes an attempt to present in a compact format,nearly all major works that have been done in the field of AIS and make a survey of existing methods and new initiatives.

[1]. Julie Greensmith,Amanda Whitbrook,Uwe Aickelin,Artificial Immune Systems
[2]. Jon Timmis,Artificial Immune Systems-Today and Tomorrow,April 7th,2006
[3]. D.Dasgupta,Z.Ji,F.Gonzalez,Artificial Immune System(AIS) research in the last 5 years
[4]. Julie Greensmith,The Dendritic Cell Algorithm,thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,October 2007
[5]. Uwe Aickelin,Steve Cayzer,The Danger Theory and its applications to Artificial Immune Systems, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems (ICARIS-2002), pp 141-148, Canterbury, UK, 2002.

Abstract: This paper presents analysis of the solar radiation characteristics as energy source of photovoltaic (PV) powered uninterrupted power supply (PV-UPS) in Perlis, Northern Malaysia for the year of 2011 to 2013. The characteristics consist of daily, monthly and annual solar radiation. Peak sun hours (PSHs) of the solar radiation and PV power generation capacity are also analyzed. The potential of solar radiation as energy source of PV-UPS based on their values. They are low solar radiation (below 2.6 kWh/m2), moderate solar radiation (between 2.6 – 3 kWh/m2), high solar radiation (between 3-4 kWh/m2) and very high solar radiation (above 4 kWh/m2). The results show that the average monthly solar radiation for the past three years is 4.8 kWh/m2.

[1] Aynur u, Figen B. Assesment of wind power potential for turbine installation in coastal areas of Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2010; 14: 1901- 1912,.
[2] Ahmed O, Hanane D, Roberto S, Abdelaziz M. Monthly and seasonal of wind energy characteristics at four monitored locations in Liguria region (Italy). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2010;14: 1959-1968.
[3] Markvart T. Solar Electricity. John Wiley & Sons, LTD., New York, 1994.
[4] Jiang F. Investigation of Solar Energy for Photovoltaic Application in Singapore. the 8th International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007). 2007:86 – 89.
[5] ItagakiA, Okamura H, Yamada M. Preparation of Meteorological Data Set Throughout Japan For Suitable Design of PV Systems. 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion. 2003: 2074 – 2077.
[6] Mellit A, Kalogirou S.A, Shaari S, Salhi S, Arab A.H. Methodology for Predictiong Sequences of Mean Monthly Clearness Index and Daily Solar radiation Data in Remote Areas: Application for Sizing a Stand-alone PV System. Renewable Energy, Science Direct. 2007:1570 – 1590.

Abstract: The simulation contains a comprehensive view about the stage of takeoff and landing with auto control. This model display the simulation of takeoff and landing of aircraft with the help of simulink matlab. Some useful graph explain about positions angles and altitude of aircraft. In this model auto controller are used. Starting and journey of the model by the different Engineers . Mr Naser Give GUI based simulation work in his sereach study in Phd.This model run on matlab software. In matlab many block for design the aircraft take off and landing stages.

[1]. Visit site for take off and landing but more useful site is www.mathworks.com
[2]. Simulation with matlab programing
[3]. Matlab Programming by Kirani Singh
[4]. Matlab for Aero Space Engineering
[5]. Making Perfect Takeoff & Landing in Light Airolanes by Ron Fowler

Abstract: This paper presents the development and application of Fractional order PID controller based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for load frequency control of two-area inter connected power system. The dynamic response of the system has been studied for 1% and 10% step load perturbations in area2. The performance of the proposed FOPID controller is compared against the traditional PID controller based on PSO technique. Comparative analysis demonstrates that proposed FOPID controllers based on PSO reduces the settling time and overshoot effectively against small step load disturbances. Simulations have been performed using MATLAB/Simulink.

Keywords: Fractional Order PID Controller (FOPID), Integer Order PID controller (IOPID), Load Frequency Control (LFC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

[1]. O.I.Elgerd, Electric Energy Systems Theory: An Introduction. Newyork (McGraw- Hill, 1982).
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Fuzzy Controller" World academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 60 2011.

Abstract: The paper determines the optimal location and size of capacitors on radial distribution systems to improve voltage profile and to reduce active power loss. Sizing and placement of capacitor was done by using Loss Sensitivity Factor. Capacitor placement plays an important role in operation and distribution system planning. The concept of loss sensitivity factor can be considered as the new contribution in the area of distribution systems. Loss sensitivity factor offer the important information about the sequence of potential nodes for capacitor placement. These factors are determined using single base case load flow study. The proposed method is tested on 15 and 33 bus distribution systems.

[1]. Anwar S.Siddiqui, and Md. Farrukh Rahman, "Optimal capacitor placement to reduce losses in distribution systems," WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 2012, pp. 12-17.

[2]. J.JGraniger,S.H.Lee,"Optimum size and location of shunt capacitors for reduction of losses on distribution feerders",IEEE Trans.PAS-100,Vpl No 3,March 1981,pp.1105-1117.

[3]. K. Prakash and M. Sydulu "Particle swarm optimization based capacitor placement on radial distribution systems", Proc. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, pp.1 -5 2007.

[4]. A.K Sharma,Tanuj Managlani,"Voltage improvement in distribution system using voltage improvement factor",ISOR-JEEE,Vol.07,issue.01,pp.46-48,July-Aug.2013

[5]. Dinakar Prasad Reddy P,K.Gunaprasad,"sensitivity based capacitor placement using cuckoo search algorithm for maximum annual savings",IOSRJEN,Vol.04,issue.04,pp.06-09,April.2014

Abstract: Now a days there is increase in consumption of energy than generation. So we have to maintain additional generation as well as power quality for continuity of supply. One of the problems that effects power quality is Voltage Sag or dip. Distributed generation has gained a lot of momentum due to market deregulation, and development of new technologies. Distributed Generation (DG) is defined as generation located at or near the load centre which is being recognized as an environment friendly, reliable, and secure source of power. Now a day there is increase in integration of distributed generation into the distribution network to meet ever increasing demand.

[1]. Singh, M, Panigrahi, B.K, Abhynkar, A.R, Mukherjee, R, Kundu, R, "Optimal location, size and protection coordination of distributed generation in distribution network", IEEE, 2013
[2]. M.Jegadeesan,‟Estimation and Mitigation of Current and Voltage Harmonics in Distribution System Using Distributed Generation‟, IJIRSET, vol.3, 2014

[3]. Duong Quoc Hung, Mithulananthan, N, "An optimal operating strategy of DG unit for power loss reduction in distribution systems", Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), 2012

[4]. Chilikuri, Mahendra V, Lee, Ming Yong, Phang, Yoke Yin, "Voltage sag sensitivity of home appliances and office equipment", IET, 2009, 0537-9989.

[5]. M.H.J. Bollen, K. Stockman, R. Neumann, G. Ethier, J.R. Gordon, K. van Reussel,S.Z. Djokic, S. Cundeva, "Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations– messages to takeholders, in: Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP)", IEEE15th International Conference (June), 2012, pp. 915–919.

Abstract: Optimization algorithms are very important for the Optimal Power Flow (OPF). They could be divided into two classes: traditional local search methods and heuristic global ones. Interior point (IP) algorithm has been known as one of the most prominent and fastest method, but its local exploitation characteristic leads to the fact that it could be easily trapped by local optimum. However, heuristic methods such as Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) possess better convergence quality although their convergence speed is not good enough.

[1]. Atiya naaz, L.Sayyed, Pramod M.Gadge and Ruhi Uzma Sheikh,"Contingency Analysis and Improvement of Power System Security by locating Series FACTS Devices "TCSC and TCPAR' at optimal location", IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering e-ISSN: 2278-1676, P-ISSN: 2320-3331, pp19-27.
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[3]. Wei Shao and Vijay Vittal,"LP-Based OPF for Corrective FACTS Control to Relieve Overloads and voltage violations", IEEE Trans.on Power Systems, vol.21, no.4, November 2006.
[4]. M. Huneault and F.D. Galiana,"A Survey of the Optimal Power Flow Literature", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vo1.6, No. 2, May 1991.

Abstract: Real-time video authentication is a major concern for surveillance video cameras. In this thesis, I present a secure, low power and low hardware video watermarking system that inserts an invisible semi-fragile watermark into the video stream for real-time surveillance video authentication during the commonly used MPEG-4 encoding process with insignificant video quality degradation. The watermark embedding is processed in the discrete cosine transform domain. To achieve high performance, the proposed system architecture employs pipeline structure and uses parallelism.

[1] A. D. Gwenael and J. L. Dugelay, "A guide tour of video watermarking," Signal Process. Image Commun., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 263–282, Apr. 2003.

[2] A. Piva, F. Bartolini, and M. Barni, "Managing copyright in open networks," IEEE Trans. Internet Comput., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 18–26, May– Jun. 2002.

[3] Y. Shoshan, A. Fish, X. Li, G. A. Jullien, and O. Yadid-Pecht, "VLSI watermark implementations and applications," Int. J. Information Technol. Knowl., vol. 2, no. 4 pp. 379–386, Jun. 2008.

[4] X. Li, Y. Shoshan, A. Fish, G. A. Jullien, and O. Yadid-Pecht, "Hardware implementations of video watermarking," in International Book Series on Information Science and Computing, no. 5. Sofia, Bulgaria: Inst. Inform. Theories Applicat. FOI ITHEA, Jun. 2008, pp. 9–16 (supplement to the Int. J. Inform. Technol. Knowledge, vol. 2, 2008).

[5] I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, F. T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, "Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1673–1687, Dec. 1997.
[6] S. P. Mohanty. (1999). Digital Watermarking: A Tutorial Review [Online]. Available: http://www.linkpdf.com/download/dl/ digital-watermarking-a-tutorial-review-.pdf

Abstract:This paper proves the effectiveness of Least Mean Square (LMS) estimation algorithm for estimation of power system harmonics, inter-harmonics and sub-harmonics of distorted signal. Accurate estimation can be achieved by this technique for harmonics, sub-harmonics and inter-harmonics estimation including possible variation in the signal such as change in amplitude when applied to a distorted power system signal.

1] H. Mori, "An artificial neural network based method for power system voltage harmonics," IEEE Trans. Power Del. , vol. 7, no.1,
pp. 402–409, 1992.
[2] E.A.Abu, Al-Feilat, I.El.Amin, and M.Bettayeb, "Power system harmonic estimation a comparative study," Electric Power System
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[3] Y.N.Chang, Y.C.Hsieh, C.S.Moo, "Truncation effects of FFT on estimation of dynamic harmonics in a power system," in Proc.
2000 Power System Technology, International Power Conf., vol.3, pp.1155-1160.
[4] P.K.Dash, D.P.Swain, A.Routray and A.C.Liew, "Harmonic estimation in a power system using adaptive perceptrons," IEE
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[5] Cai Tao, Duan Shanxu, Ren Ting and Liu Fangruli " A robust parametric method for power harmonics estimation based on Mestimators"
Measurement, vol.43, issue.1, pp. 67-77, January 2010.

Abstract: For high power equipments in Industry, application of multilevel inverter has become popular. So, multilevel inverter have been widely used for high-power high voltage distributed generation(DG) applications. In this paper Reverse voltage(RV) multilevel topology is proposed, which has reduced number of switches, electromagnetic interference & increased efficiency. This work focused on operation & integration of a single -phase RV multilevel inverter with photovoltaic(PV) sources. PV system is made to operate with maximum power output at a point know as maximum power point(MPP).In this paper a fuzzy logic controller is used as MPPT controller. The proposed work is verified through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

[1] J M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. C. P. Guisado, Ma. A. M. Prats, J. I. Leon, and N. Moreno-Alfonso, "Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002– 1016, Aug. 2006.

[2] K. Jang-Hwan, S.-K.Sul, and P. N. Enjeti, "A carrier-based PWM method with optimal switching sequence for a multilevel four-leg voltage source inverter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1239–1248, Jul./Aug. 2008.

[3] R. H. Osman, "A medium-voltage drive utilizing series-cell multilevel topology for outstanding power quality," in Conf. Rec. 34th IEEE IAS Annu. Meeting, 1999, vol. 4, pp. 2662–2669.

[4] E. Najafi and A. H. M. Yatim, "A novel current mode controller for a static compensator utilizing Goertzel algorithm to mitigate voltage sags," Energy Convers.Manage., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1999–2008, Apr. 2011.

[5] N. Seki and H. Uchino, "Converter configurations and switching frequency for a GTO reactive power compensator," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1011–1018, Jul./Aug. 1997.