iosr-JRME   Volume-6 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2016

Abstract: Writing skill being the most difficult problem faced by students in North Sumatera, Indonesia esecially by those in Pematangsiantar, has forced the teachers to think of searching for strategies functioning as a bridge that will lead them to their objective of gaining the writing skill. The writer sees that Low-stake writing technique provides a path for beginners to reach the achievement. With a lot of work and guidance in writing, starting from very short paragraph of about 50 words, they will gradually be guided to writing a short paragraph of a least 100 words,and later to high-stake writing.

Keywords: low-stake writing, strategies, writing skill

[1]. Weaver M. Richard, Composition, A Course i Writing and Rhetoric, New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1961
[2]. McKeachie,, Mc Keachie's Teaching Tips, Boston, Patricia Coryell,2006
[3]. Bumpass, Faye, Teaching Young Students English as a Foreign Language, New York:American Book Company, 1963.
[4]. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English
[5]. Progressive English for Malaysian College Students, 2001: 32)
[6]. Rivers M. Wilga, Teaching Foreign-Language Skills,Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press, 1971

Abstract: This study sought to examine the level of disaster preparedness and policy implementation in secondary schools in Rhamu Town, Mandera County. Descriptive research designs were used to conduct the study. Combinations of purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to draw 20 principals and 130 teachers yielding a total sample size of 150 subjects. Research instruments used for data collection included questionnaires, interview schedules and observation checklists.....

Keywords: Disaster Management, Preparedness, Preventive Measures, Rhamu Town, Mandera County , Kenya,

[1]. Alexander, D. (2002). Principles of Emergency Planning and Harpenden Terra publishing: London.
[2]. Bennett, B. (2010). Mud buries school in Wales. A & E Television Network. http://www.aetv.com
[3]. Brown, J. (1999). Doom, Quake and Mass Murder. dir.salon.com/topics
[4]. Cooper, M.A. (1995). Emergent care of Lighting and Electrical injuries. Seminars in Neurology Vol. 15 No. 3, 268 – 278.
[5]. DeVoe F., Ruddy, A., Miller, K., Planty, M., Snyder, D., Uhart, T., & Rand, R. (2004). Indicators of school crime and safety: 2002 (NCES 2003- 009/NCJ196753). U.S. Departments of Education and Justice. Washington, DC.

Abstract: The study examined the socio-economic and cultural barriers to family planning (FP) practices in Murang'a North District. It was guided by the Normative Reference Group Theory advanced by Huttler and Eden (1995) .Combinations of purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 215 women from Kiharu, Kangema and MathioyaConstituencies in Muranga North sub-County, Muranga County, Kenya. Structured questionnaires, interview schedules and focus group discussion guidelines were the main research instruments used to collect data......

Key words:Socio –Economic and Cultural Barriers; Family Planning; Practices; Rural Women; Murang'a North Sub County, Muranga County, Kenya.

[1]. AFIDEP. (2010). Population and Reproductive Health Challenges in Eastern and Southern Africa: Policy and Program Implications. Proceedings of the Regional Meeting of Southern and Eastern Africa Parliamentary Alliance of Committees on Health (SEAPACOH).African Institute for Development Policy held on 27-30 September 2010, Munyonyo Commonwealth Resort, Kampala Uganda.
[2]. African Union Commission. (2006).Plan of Action on Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights (Maputo Plan of Action).Adopted by a Special Session of the African Union Conference of Ministers of Health. Maputo, Mozambique; September 18-22, 2006. link: www.unfpa.org/africa/newdoes/maputo_eng.pdf.
[3]. Borg,W.R&Gall, J. (1989).Education Research : An Introduction (4th Edition). New York.Guttmacher Institute
[4]. Cohen,L,.Manion,L.,&K.Manion, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education. London.
[5]. Darroch,S;Sedgh.andBall, H. (2012).Contraceptive Technologies: The unmet needs. New York.

Abstract: The current era of pervasive technology has substantial implication to education. What was once regarded as the niche channel for the delivery of educative content is rapidly becoming mainstream, increasing access to education, expanded revenue opportunities and new market for content for universities. Social networking is now used as a tool for supporting career activates and building connections with alumni. Technology will continue to have significant role in the advancement of education. Both private and public sectors approve that technological innovations will continue to have major effects on teaching approaches over the coming years. Technology has the power to transform how people learn - but walk into some classrooms and you could be forgiven for thinking you were entering a time warp.

[1] Riedel, Chris(2014), 10 Major Technology Trends in Education
https://googleweblight.com/?lite_url=https://thejournal.com/articles/2014/02/03/10-major-technology-trends-in-education.aspx?m%3D1&ei=m75QR42h&lc=en-IN&geid=7&s=1&m=479&ts=1444037044&sig=APONPFmFoB8jAJsjq2dZ_avPC0Ja69BY4w
[2] Jayson, Andrea(2013), Role of technology in advancement of education googleweblight.com/?lite_url=http://edtechreview.in/trends-insights/insights/668-role-of-technology-in-advancement-of-education&ei=XZrtAick&lc=en IN&geid=7&s=1&m=223&ts=1444035954&sig=APONPFnEwXZgA_uspq6uvdp-YVXPdDLEbQ
[3] Use of Technology in Teaching and Learning
googleweblight.com/?lite_url=http://www.ed.gov/oii-news/use-technology-teaching-and-learning&ei=m75QR42h&lc=en-IN&geid=7&s=1&m=479&ts=1444037044&sig=APONPFmWnGJg5Fgv2K-a7FViUcv5DkXBsQ
[4] Wakefield, Jane (2015) Technology in schools:Future changes in classrooms, Technology reporter
googleweblight.com/?lite_url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30814302&ei=m75QR42h&lc=en-IN&geid=7&s=1&m=479&ts=1444037044&sig=APONPFlOsy9modLZCvNN1RLwYMTaqXUqUQ

Abstract:The study investigated the challenges to effective implementation of Artisan and Craft courses in Catholic sponsored community colleges in Nairobi region. Adopting mixed methods research design, 172 students, 18 teachers and four directors were sampled for the study. The study triangulated questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data summarized in form of narratives and excerpts........

Key Words:Artisan and Craft, Challenges, Implementation, TVET

[1] Christian Organization Research Advisory Trust of Africa, Final report on the evaluation of East African community colleges (Nairobi: Author, 2011).
[2] East Africa Community Colleges Secretariat, Third training programme for the teachers of community colleges in East Africa. Workshop Proceedings, Zanzibar: Machui Community Training Centre, 2010.
[3] Kenya Institute of Education, Curriculum support materials: Print and electronic media, catalogue (Nairobi: Author, 2009).
[4] H. Farstad, Integrated entrepreneurship education in Botswana, Uganda, and Kenya: final report (Oslo: National Institute of Technology, 2002).
[5] B. W. Kerre, Technologically-driven education for industrial growth, Journal of KIM School of Management, 3, 2011, 28-58.

Abstract:There is now scientific consensus that climate change is a real phenomenon and that it is coming faster than expected. It is also evident that despite the fact that it is likely to impact negatively on most countries of the world, developing countries are more likely to bear more consequences owing to their location and inability to adapt caused by their low levels of technology. For developing countries to adapt to the changing climate, they must first be aware that climate change is happening and also learn ways of adapting to the changes.......

Keywords: Climate Change, Curriculum, Environmental Education, adaptation, impact, mitigation

[1] Abraham, D. (2013). Environmental Education about, in and for the Environment: The case of two secondary schools in Ethiopia.
Available at http://www.duo.uio.no/
[2] Bangay C. And Blum N. (2010). Education Responses to Climate Change and Quality: Twoparts of the same agenda? International
journal of Educational Development.30(4): 335-450
[3] Bloom, D. Canning, D. and Chan, K. (2005).Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa. Harvard University Press:
Harvard.
[4] Doll, R. (1996).Curriculum Improvement: Decision Making and Process (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
[5] EAC (2011).East African Community Climate Change Master Plan. East African Community Secretariat: Arusha, Tanzania.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the impact of using (5E's) Instructional Model on achievement of mathematics and retention of learning among fifth grade students. To achieve the objectives of the study and answering its questions, the researcher used the semi-experimental method. Experiment group were equal to (30) student, and control group were equal to (29) students......

Keywords: 5E's, instructional model, mathematics achievement, retention.

[1]. Abo-ssfr, FatimaAbdul Latif(2014). The impact ofthe employment of two strategies; Quintetlearning cycle(5E's) and self-table (kwl)in mathematical problem solving ateighth-gradestudentsin Gaza Governorates. College of Education: Al-Azhar Universityin Gaza, unpublished Master Thesis.
[2]. Abu Atta, Ahmed (2013). The impact of the employment of learning cycle in the teaching of mathematics for the development of creative thinking skills at ninth-grade students in Gaza Governorates, unpublished Master Thesis, College of Education, Al-Azhar University in Gaza.
[3]. Afaneh, Izzo& Abu Mallouh, Mohammed (2006). The effect of using some constructivist theory strategies in the development of systemic thinking in geometry at ninth-grade students in Gaza. Proceedings of the First Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Education, the Palestinian experience. Vol.1, No. 24.
[4]. Ahmed, Ammal Mohammed (2006). The effect of using Bybee model in teaching science to modify alternative scientific conceptions and the development of basic science operations at 10th grade students. Egyptian Association for Science Education: Scientific Tenth Congress, science education current and future challenges.

Abstract: This study aims at evaluating the skills of the receptive language of the students with Down syndrome in the city of Najran. The sample of the study consisted of 16 students, (9) in the elementary stage, (7) in the intermediate stage. The scale of the University of Michigan of language skills for the mentally disabled (after receptive language) was used. The results showed that the average score for students who have receptive language skills was (37%) at a low estimate, as the study showed the existence of differences between students with Down syndrome in the classroom variable (elementary, intermediate) in favor of the middle stage.

Keywords: receptive language, Down syndrome

[1]. Bilal, I. (2013). Effectiveness of individual educational plan in teaching receptive language skills of children with Down syndrome, Unpublished MA Thesis , University of Damascus .
[2]. Rousan , F. (2010) . Introduction to Mental Retardation : Amman , Dar Al Fikr for publication and distribution
[3]. Rousan, F. & Jarar, J. (1986). Evidences of validity and reliability adaptation of the language Skills Assessment to Mental Retardation (LSA) of Michigan, the Journal of Studies University of Jordan, 13(6),
[4]. Suleiman , A (1998) . Educating the abnormal , library Zahraa East , Cairo .
[5]. Qaryouti , Y. , Al Sartawy , A. &Samady,J. (2001) . Introduction to Special Education , Emirates : Dar Al Elm for publication and distribution .

Abstract: This Paper Is An Attempt To Analyze The Mental Health Of Student-Teachers With Respect To Their Parental Occupation And Family Monthly Income In Puducherryregion.For The Present Study Primary Data Was Collected With The Help Of A Check List Tool From Six Education Colleges Randomly Located In Puducherry Region. A Total Of 300 Samples Were Drawn Among Which 126 Were Male And 174 Were Female Students By Using Stratified Random Sampling.....

Keywords: Mental Health, Student-Teacher, Parental Occupation, Family Monthly Income.

[1] Krirankumar And Viswanatha(2010), "Effect Of Gender, Locality Of Residence, And Level Of Education On Mental Health Status Among High School And College Going Students". Journal Of Community Guidance And Research, Neel Kamal Publication Pvt.Ltd. Hydrabad, 27(2); 216-222.
[2] Munirajamma N, (2011), "Impact Of Parents‟ Marital Satisfaction On Their Children: Mental Health In Joint Family". Gcte Journal Of Research And Extension In Education, 6(2): 47-50.
[3] Abishek Sharma And Manishaagaewal (2011), "Relationship Between Perceptions Of Hospitals Psychological Work Environment And Mental Health Status Of Medical Professions". Indian Journal Of Training And Development, New Delhi, Xxxxi (1); 14-27.
[4] Ramachandran, Saraswati And Babu Rao (2011), "Impact Of Religion, Caste, Income And Type Of Family On The Mental Health Of Adolescents". Journal Of Education Research And Extension, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidhyalaya College Of Education Coimbatore, 28(2) Pp 146-157.
[5] Sobha (2011) "Procrastination Behavior And Mental Health Of Adolescents‟. Gcte Journal Of Research And Extension In Education, 6 (2); 138-141.

Abstract:This study aims to measure the impact of using e-learning based on blackboard applications upon the achievement and skill of solving mathematical problems among Preparatory Year female students at Najran University. The sample consisted of (83) Preparatory Year female students. Only (40) participants constituted the experimental group that was taught using blackboard applications, while the control group was (43) and they were taught using the traditional methodologies of teaching. The present study resulted that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (a=0.05) for the impact of the teaching strategy adopted in the post achievement test and the skill of solving mathematical problems in favor of the experimental group students.

Keywords: E-learning, blackboard, achievement, mathematical problems

[1] Abdul Kareem, Masha‟l (2008) The Reality of Using e-learning in the private schools in Riyadh, Unpublished Master Thesis. Teaching Aids Department, Faculty of Education, King Saud University.
[2] Abu Zeinah ,Fareed (2003) School Curricula of Mathematics and Teaching them. 2nd edition. Kuwait: Al Falaah Publisher.
[3] Adler, I. (1977). the Cambridge Conference. In AicheleAndReys: Readings In School Mathematics. New York:McGraw-Hillco.
[4] Al Abadilah, SalimFalih (2006) The Impact of Cooperative Learning and Individual Computerized Learning Strategies in Mathematics Achievement and Mathematical Problem Solving for Elementary Stage Students in Jordan, Unpublished doctorate thesis, Amman Arabic University, Amman, Jordan.
[5] Al Ghadian, Abdul Muhsin (2007) The Saudi Universities‟ Need to Adopt E-Learning: An Open Project. Journal of Educational and Social Studies.Vol. 13, Issue 4, p.139.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to describe teaching and learning poetry meaning activities of Buya Hamka by using jigsaw technique in STKIP PGRI Pasuruan. This study focused on the descriptive qualitative research design. The results of the observation show that the teaching and learning activities by using jigsaw technique run effectively and efficiently. It enables the students get a lot of knowledge and perspective of Buya Hamka poem from their interaction process. They discuss, share, and contribute knowledge each other with the teacher's facilitations. As the result, they get a lot of information of Buya Hamka poem meaning from their home and expert groups.

Keywords: Jigsaw Technique, Teaching Poetry of Buya Hamka

[1] Aronson, 2016. The Jigsaw Classroom, (Online) (http://www.jigsaw.org,accesed on January, 25th 2016)
[2] Bodgan, C Robert and Knopp, Sari Biklen. 2006. Qualitative Research for Education: an Introduction to theories and methods 5th Edition. New York: Pearson
[3] Dutta sujit.2001. Teaching poetry in the school classroom: an intregrated and communicative approach. Bangladesh: university of chittagong
[4] Harmer, J, 2007. Practice English language Teaching. Essex : Longman
[5] Lethbridge, S. and mildorf, J. 2003. Basics of English Studies: An introductory course for students of literary studies in English. the English departments of the Universities of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Freiburg

Abstract:This study is an attempt to identifythe effectivenessofeducation through discrete trial teaching in the development ofskillratingfor two studentswithautism, aged 6 and 8 years. The result shows that intervention during, the performance for both students in skill rating was 100% regarding color and shape.The study recommends that the use of signs and gestures along with discrete trial teaching.

Keywords:Discrete Trial Teaching, Autism, SkillRating.

1. [1].Adcock, A., &Cuvo, A. J. (2009). Enhancing learning for children with autism spectrum disorders in regular education by instructional modifications. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 319-328

2. Al-Atroni,A.& Abu Abbas,A .(1986).Teaching of Modern Mathematics at Primary Level, Dar-Algalam, Kuwait.

3. AL-Shami , W. (2004). Autism Treatment , Jeddah Center, KSA

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). New data on autismspectrum disorders. Retrieved on March 29, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/Features/CountingAutism/
5. Coe, D., Matson, J., Fee, V., Manikam, R., &Lanarello, C. (1990). Training nonverbal and verbal play skills to mentally retarded and autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,20, 177–187.

Abstract: Medical post graduation is a phase of training when a graduate is expected to acquire skills under supervision, in a particular speciality, so that he/she may become capable of mastering & functioning independently. Often, new graduates start with this period without any clear aim. An Orientation programme was conducted by MEU, AIMS faculty members & administrators for the first year medical post graduates to familiarize them with their clinical tasks & also their role in the community........

Keywords: Medical education, medical post graduates, medical profession, Orientation programme

1. Rakesh Mittal, Rajiv Mahajan & Niti Mittal. Foundation programme: A student‟s perspective. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2013 Jan-Jun; 3(1): 52-4.

2. Singh Suman, Ghosh Sarmistha, Pandya Himanshu. Foundation course for MBBS students at entry level: Experience at an Indian medical school. South East Asian Journal of Medical Education, Inaugural issue. Pg. 33-7.

3. Ashish Goel, R Venkat, A Kumar, B V Adkoli, Rita Sood. Structured internship orientation programme for undergraduate students: Easy transition to clinical work. The national medical journal of India. Vol.23, no. 3, 2010: 160-62.

4. Navneet Kaur, Tejinder Singh. Teaching healthcare management to medical students: An early experience. The national medical journal of India. Vol.26, no. 3, 2013: 166-68.

Abstract: This study is an Appraisal of the Implementation of Early Childhood Education in Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Two hundred and four respondents were used from selected fifty-one public primary schools in Owerri Education Zone I of Imo State. The instrument used for the study is the "Early Childhood Education Implementation Assessment Questionnaire (ECEIAQ)". The data obtained was analyzed using mean and standard deviation..........

[1]. Abdulrahman, Y. M. (2012). Early childhood care development and education: A silent but significant component of UBE in Nigeria. Retrieved from www.earlyed.com on 5th September, 2013
[2]. Akinware, M. (2010). Interpretation of national policy for integrated early child development in Nigeria.Paper Presented at a Workshop on Implementation of ECCE in Lagos State on July 4th.
[3]. Agusiobo, B. C. (2001). Perspective of the early child care development and education incomplete curriculum, in I. A. Kemmer (Ed).Reading in early childhood care development.
[4]. Adox-Okujagu, H. S. (2010). Teaching the pre-primary child reading and writing: A challenge for pre-primary school teachers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Retrieved March 25th, 2014 from http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjedr.v9il-2.62526
[5]. Amali, I. O.; Belo, M. &Okafor, I. P. (2012).An assessment of pre-primary school programme activities in Kwara State, Nigeria.European Scientific Journal, 8(8): 73-82.

Abstract: The research evaluates an interdisciplinary approach to teaching economics through an innovative teaching method, in the context of Greek Senior High School. The research uses art, cooperative and experiential learning and project method in teaching the lesson Social Studies in the 1st year of senior high school. The purpose of the research is to observe the attitudes and perceptions of students, when implementing this teaching process and to investigate the extent to which this method can contribute to the improvement of teaching and learning.

Keywords: teaching economics, interdisciplinary, art, project method, cooperative and experiential learning, critical though, effective teaching.

[1]. Association for Experiential Education http://www.aee.org
[2]. Brinia, V. (2007) . The introduction of Project method in teaching economics. Athens: Gutenberg.
[3]. Brinia, V., Vikas, E., (2014). Innovations in the teaching methodology of the economic science in Secondary Education: The introduction of art in teaching the course "Principles of the Economic Theory", Athens.
[4]. Bird, M., Hammersley, M. Gomm, R. and Woods, P. (1999). Educational Research in Practice- Study Manual. Patra: Hellenic Open University. [5]. Chiu, M. (2008). Flowing toward correct contributions during groups' mathematics problem solving: A statistical discourse analysis. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 17 (3), 415 - 463.

Abstract: The paper highlighted Technology Education Needs for Teachers in Nigerian Secondary Schools: The Role of the Library. Concepts such as technology, education technology, technology education and teacher education were succinctly discussed. Issues such as training needs of teachers in Nigerian secondary schools,staff development/capacity building programmes required by Secondary school teachers for professional development as well asthe role of the library in promoting technology education in Nigerian........

Keywords: Technology, Education technology, Technology education and Teacher education

[1]. Adenike, A. O. (2012) Functioned Teacher Education in Colleges of Technology: A catalyst for improving professionalism in Building Industry. South – West Journal of Teacher Education 4. 549 – 560.
[2]. Aitken, J. E. (2004). In-service training for teachers in New Zealand schools, what's New Publications. North American Association of Educational Negotiators (NEAN) 15(1),3-5.
[3]. Akporehe, D. A. (2011) The Impact of Environment on Productivity in Secondary Schools. African Journal of Education and Technology, Vol. 1 (1), pp. 116-122.
[4]. Aladejana, F. (2012) Teacher Education: The functionality perspective in Nigeria. South – West Journal of Teacher Education (4) 175 – 195.
[5]. Amedeker, M. K. (2005). Reforming Ghanaian Teacher Education Towards Preparing an Effective Pre-service Teacher. Journal of Education for teaching, Vol. 31, (2) pp. 99-110.

Abstract: In modern times many teachers are having trouble with student learning outcomes. Many students don't maximize their ability in task or test. This is due to the lack of motivation to learn and learning discipline so that scores is under KKM (minimum criteria of mastery learning). Less maximal learning outcomes was also due to lack of parents' attention to the students learning and the lack of discipline of students in the learning process. The purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of parents........

Keywords: Parents Attention, Learning Discipline, Learning Outcomes

[1]. Abu Ahmadi, dan Widodo Supriyono. (2008). Psikologi Belajar. (edisi revisi). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
[2]. Djamarah, Syaiful Bahri. 2011. Psikologi Belajar. Jakarta : PT Reneka Cipta.
[3]. Epstein, L. Joyce. Published Article :What Research Say about Parent Involvement in Children Education. (Michigan Department of Education, March 2002).
[4]. Gitomo, Josephine W. Katalo, Michel T. Nyabwari, Bernard Gechiko. (2013). Coorelatioan Between Student's Discipline and performance in the Kenya certificate of secondary Education. International Journal Of Educatioan and Research, 1 (8)
[5]. L, Bechuke A & R, Debeile J. 2012. Applying Choice Theory in Fostering Discipline Managing and Modifying Challenging Learners Behaviours in South African Schools. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Vol. 2 No. 22 Special Issue–November 2012

Abstract: This study, which is non- experimental, investigated the impact of Science and Technology Education Post Basic (Step-B) Projects on Mathematics and Biology teachers' exposure to modern methods of teaching their subjects in Federal Unity Colleges in Rivers State. Samples of 15 Biology teachers, 20 mathematics teachers, were drawn using purposive sampling technique. Two research questions guided the study. One researcher-made instrument, validated by the researcher's supervisors and experienced Biology and Mathematics subject teachers, was used to generate data for the study.........

Keywords: Science and Technology post Basic (Step-B)

[1]. Adejoh, M.J. (2006).Evaluation of the integrated science and introductory technology programmes in secondary schools in Benue state. An unpublished Ph.D project, University of Jos.
[2]. Adeyemi O.B. & Adaramola, M.O.(2014).Mathematics Literacy as a Foundation for Technological Development in Nigeria: IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR- JRME) Vol.4, Issue 5 Ver. VI (Sep - Oct. 2014), PP 28 - 31
[3]. Adeyemi O.B. & Adaramola, M.O.(2015).Mathematics Teachers Motivation, A veritable Tool for Employment Generation and Sustainability in Nigeria: IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR- JRME), Vol.5, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan - Feb. 2015), PP 21 - 23

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the advance of guided discovery learning strategies and also to determine the significance differences of the interaction between the learning strategies and achievement motivation on students' learning natural science outcomes and scientific attitude. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest nonequivalent control-group research design. The data were analyzed by using MANOVA factorial design. It was calculated by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program for Windows. The result of this study shows that........

Keywords: guided discovery, expository, achievement motivation, learning outcomes, and scientific attitude.

[1]. Al Rabadi, I. G., Al Momani, H. O. S., & Al Rabadi, K. I. S. 2013. The Effect of Using Process Approach on Science Achievement and Scientific Attitudes among Jordanian Basic Stage Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(20): 136-150.
[2]. Afrida, H. 2014. Pengaruh Strategi Problem Solving, Guided discovery, dan Konvensional terhadap Sikap Ilmiah, Hasil Belajar Biologi, dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa di SMAN 3 Langsa. Tesis tidak diterbitkan. Medan: PPs Unimed.
[3]. Cavas, P. 2011. Factors Affecting the Motivation of Turkish Primary Students for Science Learning. Science Education International, 22(1): 31-42.
[4]. Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. 1996. Strategi dan Model Pembelajaran: Mengajarkan Konten dan Keterampilan Berpikir (Edisi ke-6). Terjemahan Satrio Wahono. 2012. Jakarta: PT. Indeks.

Abstract: Decision-making can be defined as problem-solving activity terminated by a solution deemed to be satisfactory. It is therefore a process which can be rational or irrational and can be based on explicit knowledge or tacit knowledge. The decision-making process is regarded as a continuous process integrated in the interaction with the environment.........

Keywords: Decision Making Ability (DMA) *Customized solutions & Training Programme * Experimental Group * Control Group

[1]. Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding Attitudes and Predicting SocialBehaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
[2]. Ajzen, I. (1988) Attitudes, Personality and Behaviour. Buckingham: Open UniversityPress.
[3]. Anderson, C.J. (2003) The psychology of doing nothing: forms of decision avoidance result from reason and emotion. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 139-167.
[4]. Baddeley AD. Working Memory. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1986.
[5]. Beach, L.R. and Mitchell, T.R. (1978) A contingency model for the selection of decision strategies. Academy of Management Review, 3, 439-449.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how secondary school students' Facebook addiction levels were differentiated in terms of different variables. This study which was designed according to quantitative research method is a descriptive field research. Within the study group of the research, there are 330 female, 360 male students, among them 228 students are 6th graders, 230 students are 7th graders and 232 students are 8th graders and in total there are 690 students.........

Keywords: Facebook addiction, gender, grad, internet, secondary school students

[1]. Durak Batıgün, and D. Hasta, İnternet bağımlılığı: yalnızlık ve kişilerarası ilişki tarzları açısından bir değerlendirme. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11, 2010, 213-219.
[2]. Ural, and İ. Kılıç, Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayınları, 2011.
[3]. S. Andreassen, Development of a facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 2012, 518-520.
[4]. S. Wan, and W. B. Chiou, Why are adolescents addicted to online gaming? An ınterview study in Taiwan. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 9(6), 2006, 762-766.
[5]. E. Marcial, Are you a facebook addict? measuring facebook addiction in the Philippine University. IPEDR, 66(3), 2013, 12-15.

Abstract: This study used the Department of Commercial Design of Chienkuo Technology University as an example of teaching and learning for design courses. The students were arranged to participate in the 2015 Taiwan international student design competition, with their creative poster designs for the subject "embrace". The designs were evaluated through the cross-school cooperation between the 2 professional design teachers. The outstanding designs were selected for the competition. It was hoped to expand the university students' views and ambitions and to help improve their professional abilities in creative design.........

Keywords:Commercial design, Creative poster design, Teaching and learning.

[1] B. Tyl, I. Lizarralde, R. Allais, Local Value Creation and Eco-design: A New Paradigm Procedia CIRP, 30, pp. 155-160, 2015.
[2] E. Bergsmann, M. T. Schultes, P. Winter, B. Schober, C. Spiel, Evaluation of competence-based teaching in higher education: From theory to practice, Evaluation and Program Planning, 52, October, pp. 1-9, 2015.
[3] M. G. B. Quintana, S. M. Fernández, A pedagogical model to develop teaching skills. The collaborative learning experience in the Immersive Virtual World TYMMI, Computers in Human Behavior, 51, Part B, October, pp. 594-603, 2015.
[4] O. Nessipbayeva, R. Egger, A Comparative Study of Teaching Style and Infrastructure of Learning of Higher Education in Austria and Kazakhstan, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197 (25), July, pp.1271-1277, 2015.
[5] S. N. M. Mohamad, M. A. M. Salleh, S. Salam, Factors Affecting Lecturers Motivation in Using Online Teaching Tools, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195 (3), July, pp. 1778-1784. 2015.

Abstract: Play and toys are essential tools in child development, which contribute to cognitive, physical, social, linguistic and psychomotor well-being of children. It is parents who provide their children with play environment and toys, and ordinarily, children spend time with their toys in such environments. This study aims to examine play and toy preferences of children from diverse socio-economic backgrounds based on their views and judgments.........

Keywords: Socio-economic status (SES), preschool period, play, toys

[1] Adak Özdemir, A. Ramazan, O. (2012). "Child, MotherandTeacherAttitudesTowardsToys." Journal ofEducationalSciences 1,1-16.
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