iosr-JRME   Volume-13 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. – Oct. 2023

Abstract: Background: Nowadays, learning model is less meaningful to balance the mindset, attitude, and behavior. The target is to produce intelligent, skillful, and valuable students. One of learning models that can be applied to achieve the goals is Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). The model is not only relevant to the affective domain (to reinforce the character) but also to expose students to the real life of the societies that are proper with the Merdeka Belajar dan Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program.
Materials and Methods.......

Key Word:Development, contextual teaching and learning model, character reinforcement

[1] Abu Nawas. 2018. Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Approach Through React Strategies On Improving The Students' Critical Thinking In Writing. International Journal Of Management And Applied Science. Volume-4, Issue-7, Jul.-2018
[2] Abellovich, Asa. At All. 2014. Pkcy Mutan Mice Exhibit Mild Deficits In Spatial And Contextual Learning. Journal Pkcy Mutan Behavior 1265 Vol 75. 1263-1271.
[3] Aunurrahman. 2018.Strengthening The Nation's Character For Students In Border Area. Journal Of Education, Teaching And Learning Volume 3 Number 2 September 2018. Page 237-243
[4] Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, S.K. Qualitative Research For Education: An Gintriduction To Theory. Boston: Allyn And Bacon, Inc. 1982.
[5] Butcher, C., Davies, C., & Highton, M. Designing Learning From Module Outline To Effective Teaching.New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 2010

Abstract: Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of principal's leadership practices on student performance in public secondary schools in south imenti sub-County Meru county Kenya.This study aimed to evaluate both the academic achievement of students and the leadership philosophies adopted by the principal of Imenti South Secondary School. It investigated how a principal's motivation influenced student performance, how their supervisory methods impacted student outcomes, how student management functions affected academic achievement, and how a director's collaboration with stakeholders influenced student success in public secondary schools within Meru County.....

Key Word: leadership practices, principal motivation, student performance, supervision

[1]. Anike, S. M., Eyiene, A., & Egbai, M. E. (2015). Instructional Supervisory Practices And Teachers' Role Effectiveness In
Government Secondary Schools In Calabar South Local Public Area Of Cross River State, Nigeria, 6(23), 43-47.
[2]. Chan, E. (2004). Student Motivation/Teacher Motivation. Canada: University Of Victoria.
[3]. Gurr, D., Drysdale, L., & Mulford, B. (2005). Successful Principal Leadership: Australian Case Studies.
Journal Of Educational Administration, 43(6), 539–551. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/09578230510625647
[4]. Heck, R. H. (2009). Teacher Effectiveness And Student Achievement: Investigating A Multilevel `Cross- Classified Model. Journal Of Educational Administration, 47(2), 227–249. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/09578230910941066
[5]. Herrera, R. (2010). Principal Leadership And School Effectiveness: Perspectives From Principals And Teachers. Retrieved From Http://Scholarworks.Wmich.Edu/Dissertations/568.

Abstract: Educational institutions have been significantly impacted in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, globalization trends, and the explosion of information technology. Modern communication methods, a hallmark of Industry 4.0, are increasingly influencing education in general and the activities of learning communities in particular. Appropriate application of these communication methods will enhance the quality and effectiveness of learning community activities in Vietnamese schools.....

Key Word: Learning Community, Communication, Communication Methods.

[1]. Pham Hai Chung, Bui Thu Huong (2016), "Social Communication," Publisher: The Gioi Publishing House.
[2]. Nguyen Van Dung, Đo Thi Thu Hang (2012), "Communication - Theory And Basic Skills," Publisher: Thong Tin Và Truyen Thong Publishing House.
[3]. Luong Khac Hieu (2013), "Textbook Of Communication Theory," Publisher: Chinh Tri Publishing House.
[4]. Martin Thomas (2022), "Social Communication," Publisher: Cong Thuong Publishing House. [ A Lruwaili, T., Ku, H.-Y. (2019), The Role Of Online Communities And The Impact Of Educational Social Media On Saudi Female College Students In The United States, Education Media International, Volume 56, Issue 2, Pages 149 - 1633 April 2019, ISSN 09523987, DOI 10.1080/09523987.2019.1614244.

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to explore whether principals play the expected professional leadership roles in managing teachers' professional development practices in the secondary schools of Addis Ababa. In an attempt to address this issue, a qualitative case study was conducted in four purposefully selected senior secondary schools. Qualitative data obtained from the semi- interviews were analyzed and coded thematically. Thematic analyses were conducted on the data using narrative accounts. Even though there was not a significant problem in both principals' and teachers' perception on the importance of CPD, findings suggested that principals did not play the professional leadership roles in managing the CPD. To this end, the implementation of teachers' professional development was handicapped due to several challenges such as, lack of, inadequate professional motivation and support, too much paperwork and poor time management, lack of incentive, monitoring, and........

Key terms: principals' professional leadership role, Quality of education

[1]. Adams, A. (2007) Developing Leadership Wisdom. The International Journal Of Leadership In Public Services. ; 3(2), P. 39-50.
[2]. Alemayehu, G. (2011). The Practices And Challenges Of Teachers' Professional Development Program In Secondary Schools Of Bale Zone (MA Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Ad-Dis Ababa, Ethiopia). Retrieved From: Http://Etd.Aau.Edu.Et
[3]. American Federation Of Teachers (1995) Professional Development Guidelines. Washington, DC: American Federation Of Teachers.
[4]. Ashebir, M. (2014). Practices& Challenges Of School-Based Continuous Professional Devel-Opment In Secondary Schools Of Kemashi Zone (MA Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Retrieved From: Http://Etd.Aau.Edu.Et
[5]. Ball, Deborah Loewenberg And David K. Cohen. (1999). "Developing Practice, Developing Practitioners: Toward A Practice-Based Theory Of Professional Education." Teaching As The Learning Profession: Handbook Of Policy And Practice 1(3): 3–22.

Abstract: Today, the world is undergoing rapid changes in the knowledge landscape. Providing universal access to quality education is the key to India's continued ascent and leadership on the global stage. It is the need of the hour to transform India sustainably into an equitable and vibrant knowledge society by providing high-quality education to all; and thereby making India a global knowledge superpower. In the entire ladder of education, the foundational stage of education comprising the age group 3 – 8 years plays a significant role in the life of a child. This stage lays the foundation for lifelong well-being, and overall growth and development of the children across all dimensions - physical, cognitive and socio-emotional. The Government of India has taken initiative to introduce Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) for the children in the age group 3 – 8 years with the implementation of National Education........

Key terms: Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), Primary School Teachers, Attitude

[1]. Anastasi, A. (1968): Psychological Testing. New York: Mcmillan, 1968.
[2]. Best, John W. And James V. Kahn (2003): Research In Education. New Delhi: Prentice Hall Of India Private Limited.
[3]. Bhatia, K. K. (1974): Measurement And Evaluation In Education. Ludhiana: Prakash Brothers (Educational Publishers), 1974.
[4]. Cagla Banko-Bal & Tulin Guler-Yildiz (2021): An Investigation Of Early Childhood Education Teachers'
Attitudes, Behaviors, And Views Regarding The Rights Of The Child. International Journal Of Child Care And Education Policy, Vol.15, Article 5, 17th May, 2021.
[5]. Dr. Shaheen Pasha, Dr. Ghazal Khalid Siddiqui & Dr. Farzana Yousaf (2021): Attitude Of Head Teachers Towards Early Childhood Care And Education (ECCE) In Elementary Schools Of Kasur District. International Review Of Social Sciences, Volume 9, Issue 5, May, 2021.

Abstract: In order to equip learners with the knowledge, abilities, and competencies required to succeed in the twenty century nations around the world are updating their education curriculum more often. To have a curriculum that is current and more comprehensive, many countries are embracing Competence Based Curriculum (CBC) education system. Hence the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between human resource capabilities and successful implementation of competence based curriculum in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and correlational research design. This study was guided by Individualized Theory developed by Fred Keller Gilmour Sharman (1968) and System Theory of Management founded by Ludwig Von (1968). A sample of 333 participants.......

Key terms: Curriculum, Competence, Competence Based Curriculum, Implementation

[1]. Adewusi, A., Emmanuel, A., Ogegbo, A., & Tijani, F. (2020) Competency Based Education In Africa: Exploring Teachers Perceptions, Understanding, And Practices. Doi:10, 35 293/Tetfle.Vzi1.85.
[2]. Alajmi, M. (2021). Implementation Difficulties Of Kuwait National Competency-Based Curriculum: Journal Of Educational And Social Research. Vol.11. No.5 September 2021.
[3]. Ambei, M., Kum, I., & Ambei, R. (2020). The Competency Based Curriculum Implementation: Appraisal From The Perspective Of Teachers Use Of Resources. International Journal Of Trend In Scientific Research And Development (IJTSRD) Vol.2 Issue 4.
[4]. Hwande, E., & Mpofu, J. (2017). The Preparedness Of Primary Schools To Implement The Grade 3 New Curriculum In Zimbabwe: Case Study Of Bulawayo Metropolitan Primary Schools. European Journal Of Social Sciences Studies, 5(1), 9 – 19.
[5]. Jess, M., Carse, N., & Keay, J. (2016). The Primary Physical Education Curriculum Process: More Complex Than You Think!! Education 3–13.

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of online learning as a modality in the new normal. It employed the quantitative research design using survey methods conducted online. The sample collection method used was stratified random sampling out of the population of officially enrolled students of Surigao del Sur State University-Main Campus. Primary data collection in this study was carried out by distributing questionnaires online to 373 respondents. The data were obtained by filling out questions that were distributed to all respondents in the........

Key terms: Effectiveness, Online Learning, Learning Modality, New Normal

[1]. Amir, L. R., Tanti, I., Maharani, D. A., Wimardhani, Y. S., Julia, V., Sulijaya, B., & Puspitawati, R. (2020). Student Perspective Of Classroom And Distance Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic In The Undergraduate Dental Study Program Universitas Indonesia. BMC Medical Education, 20(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12909-020-02312-0
[2]. Anwar, M. A. (2020). Online Learning Amid The COVID-19 Pandemic : Students' Perspectives. Journal Of Pedagogical, Sociology And Psychology, 45-51.
[3]. Bahasoan, A. N., Wulan Ayuandiani, Muhammad Mukhram, & Aswar Rahmat. (2020). Effectiveness Of Online Learning In Pandemic Covid-19. International Journal Of Science, Technology & Management, 1(2), 100–106. Https://Doi.Org/10.46729/Ijstm.V1i2.30
[4]. Dashtestani, R. (2014). English As A Foreign Language—Teachers' Perspectives On Implementing Online Instruction In The Iranian EFL Context. Research In Learning Technology, 22. Https://Doi.Org/10.3402/Rlt.V22.20142
[5]. Hayashi, A., Chen, C., Ryan, T., & Wu, J. (2020). The Role Of Social Presence And Moderating Role Of Computer Self Efficacy In Predicting The Continuance Usage Of E-Learning Systems. Journal Of Information Systems Education, 15(2), 5..

Abstract: Understanding irrational numbers is important to assimilate the concept of number. The number π (pi) is one of the most significant and fascinating irrational numbers. Note that π is a transcendental number. The present work aims to investigate how Moroccan students conceptualize the number π. The results obtained show that the largest part of students in the study have several misconceptions about some characteristics of the number π. Moreover, the analysis of these results allows us to propose some suitable techniques to detect students' conceptions in order to correct them during the learning processes.

[1]. J. L. Berggren, J. Borwein, P. Borwein And P. Borwein (2004). Pi: A Source Book, 3rd Edition, Springer-Verlag, New York.
[2]. B. Bettioui, M. Bamhamed, M. Eddahby, B. Nachit And M. Sbaa (2021). The Introduction Of The Number Π In Primary And Secondary Education In Morocco : An Institutional Analysis Of Textbooks, Mas. Atar. Atak., 4(2), 1-10.
Doi: Https://Doi.Org/10.48403/Imist.Prsm/Massalek-V4i2.28152
[3]. F. Beukers (2000). A Rational Approach To Π, Nieuw Archief Voor Wiskunde, 5/1(4), 372-379.
[4]. Jean-Paul Delahaye (2018). Le Fascinant Nombre Π, Pour La Science, Belin, Paris.
[5]. V. Durand-Guerrier And M. Vergnac (2014). Le Concept De Nombre Réel Au Lycée Et En Début D'université : Un Objet Problématique, Petit X, 96, 7-28..