iosr-JRME   Volume-7 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2017

Abstract: The study investigated the programmes in Nigerian higher institutions and how they influence unemployment of graduates in the country. The study employed the survey design. The population of the study includes two universities, two polytechnics and two colleges of education in Lagos State. A total of 350 participants, which include graduates and students were sampled for the study. A researcher constructed interview schedule and direct observation were used to collect data on the three research questions drawn for the study. The data were analysed using rating of the structured interview in tables and percentages. The results of the study revealed that Nigerian graduates are not only..............

[1]. Akintunde, A. (2010). Tackling Unemployment in Lagos.Retrieved fromhttp://www.newswatchngr. com/index. php?option=com_ content&task=view&id=1926&It emid=32,
[2]. Awogbenle, A.C. & Iwuamadi, K.C. (2010). Youth Unemployment: Entrepreneurship Development Programme as an Intervention Mechanism. African Journal of Business Management, 4(6), 831-835.

[3]. Bashorun J.K. (2011). Youth Unemployment is Time Bomb. Retrieved fromhttp://www. thenigeriandaily. com/2011/03/23/%E2%80%98youth-unemployment-istime-bomb%E2%80%99/
[4]. De Grauwe, A. (2008). Education, Poverty and Development. In UNESCOInternational Institute for Educational Development New letter, XXV( 3),p.6-7
[5]. Emeh, I.E.(2012). Tackling Youth Unemployment in Nigeria: The Lagos StateDevelopment and Empowerment Programmes Initiatives. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences ( 3) 3. 2229 – 5313

Abstract: Indigenous knowledge is multi-dimensional encompassing the beliefs, practices, arts, spirituality, and other forms of traditional and cultural experiences that belong to indigenous communities globally. A university in Fiji has established a special Centre for iTaukei Studies (CIS) to preserve and recognize the knowledge of the indigenous people of Fiji commonly known as the iTaukei. The Centre apart from its cultural dimension principally in the form of songs, proverbs, stories, folklore, practices and rituals has adopted the western system of disseminating knowledge..............

[1]. Ali, W. (2004). Challenges in Multi-class Teaching: Case study in a Fiji school. Unpublished Master's thesis. University of the South Pacific.
[2]. Aseron, J., Wilde, S., Miller, A., & Kelly, S. (2013). Indigenous Student Participation In Higher Education: Emergent Themes And Linkages. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (Online), 6(4), 417.
[3]. Bandias, S., Fuller, D., & Larkin, S. (2014). Indigenous Students In The Tertiary Education Sector. Journal of International Education Research, 10(3), 179-n/a.
[4]. Battiste, M., & Henderson, J. Y. (2009). Naturalizing Indigenous Knowledge in Eurocentric Education. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 32(1), 5-18,129-130.
[5]. Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2007). Designing and Conducting Mixed methods Research. London: Sage Publications.

Abstract: The present study aims to examine the effect of achievement goal on achievement among higher secondary school students for the total sample. The effect of achievement goal on achievement in accountancy among higher secondary school students with respect to gender and locale was also studied. The study adopted survey method. The tools used for collecting data are Achievement Goal Inventory and Achievement Test in Accountancy. Statistical Technique used for analysis is One way Analysis of Variance. The results of the study revealed that scores of achievement in accountancy vary with the type of achievement goal pursued by the students at higher secondary level..............

Keywords: Achievement Goal, Mastery Goal, Performance Avoidance Goal, Performance Approach Goal.

[1]. Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84 (2), 261–271.
[2]. Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41(5), 1040–1048.
[3]. Dweck, C. S., & Elliot, E. S. (1983). Achievement motivation. In P. H. Mussen (Gen. Ed.) & E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: IV Social and personality development. New York: Wiley.643-691 [4]. Elliot, J,A., & Harackiewicz, J,M.(1996). Approach avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation. A meditational analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1),628-644
[5]. Elliot, J, A., & Church,M,A .(1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2),218-232.

Abstract: A study on work values of secondary school Heads and School organizational climate has been dealt with in this paper. The sample considered 220 secondary school heads of South Canara District at Karnataka State in India by stratified random sampling technique including government, private aided, private un- aided and minority schools. The Data was collected by using Work Values scale and SOCDQ. The study found that there is no significant difference between the work values of secondary school Heads working in different School climates and found significant difference in school climates with different types of schools..............

Keywords: classic schools, eminent, secondary school Heads, school climate, work values

[1]. Meena Dorathi - Organizational climate and service Orientation in select schools.(The IUP Journal of Organizational
behavior vol X No.2.20011)
[2]. Michael Henderson&DougalThompson; How do values influence group development &Organisational culture? -articl
[3]. Jan chell- Summary of a master's project: "Introducing principal's to the role of instructional leadership" SSTA Research Center
report #95-14; pages,$14.Celidonio B Descallar . "Work Values and Satisfaction of secondary school teacher" Thesis presented to
the faculty of the graduate school phillippine Chistian University.
[4]. Robert A-Roe, - Applied Psychology: An international Review 1999, 48(1), Values and work: Empirical Findings and Theoretical
perspective- work and organization Research centre, Tilburg university. The Netherlands-peter Ester –IVA-Institute for social
Research, Tilburg University, the Netherlands

[5]. Work value Inventory by Elizur (1984).

Abstract: Due to anthropogenic activities, environmental degradation such as the overexploitation of environmental resources – a situation that leads to great loss of biodiversity, is in alarming rate in Africa. Such activities as indiscriminate cutting down of trees for firewood, bush burning, hunting, overgrazing and intense crop production have been identified as common practices in the continent. To ensure its sustainability, the paper advocates effective environmental education and the use of incentives as measures for promoting it. Environmental education helps to achieve environmental literacy which has attitude and behavior components in addition to knowledge component while incentives motivate providers of biodiversity. The paper therefore recommended among others training of specialized students such as biologists, especially in the areas of ecology, taxonomy, genetics, etcetera that will assist in the conservation of biodiversity.

Keywords: Biodiversity-Anthropogenic activities-Environmental education-Incentives- Panacea-Sustainability

[1]. Adeniyi, E.O., 1999. Curriculum Issues in the Teachings of Biodiversity conservation and Desertification. Okebukola, P. and Akpan, B. (ed). Science Teachers' Association of Nigeria Environmental Series No. 3 Ibadan: STAN Pp. 54 – 66.
[2]. Australian Museum.,2015. What is Biodiversity? www.australioanmuseum.net.an Accessed14th November, 2015.
[3]. Ayensu, E.S., 1981. Biology in the Humid Tropics of Africa. Proceedings of the Symposium on the State of Biology in Africa, held in Accra, Ghana between 12th – 17th April, 1981. Ayensu and Marton – LeFevre ed. pp 22 – 34.
[4]. Bringing Human Health and Wellbeing Back into Sustainable Development. In: IISD Annual Report, 2011 – 2012. http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2012/annrep_2011_2012_en.pdf
[5]. Brundtland, H., 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press for the World Commission on Environmental Development (WCED)..

Abstract: This paper intends to discuss the details of Extended Multiple intelligence theory of Howard Gardeners 9 multiple intelligence theory as there are 6 sub intelligences under each 9 intelligences as stated under. The gardeners nine intelligences are:-
1. Kinesthetic intelligences
2. Linguistic intelligences
3. Naturalist intelligences
4. Mathematical intelligences
5. Special intelligences
6. Interpersonal intelligences..............

Keywords: Multiple intelligences, Kinesthetic intelligence, Linguistic intelligences , Spatial intelligences, Interpersonal intelligences, Musical intelligences

[1]. Smith, Mark K. (2002). "Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education". The encyclopedia of informal education.

[2]. Gardner, Howard (May 1984). "Heteroglossia: A Global Perspective". Interdisciplinary Journal of Theory of Postpedagogical Studies. [3]. Gardner, Howard (2006), Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice, Basic Books, Gardner, Howard (2002). "Interpersonal Communication amongst Multiple Subjects: A Study in Redundancy". Experimental Psychology..

Abstract: This article examines the academic achievement of students in Integrated Science at Junior Secondary School (JSS) as a predictor of their later achievement in Biology at the Senior Secondary School (SSS) in Soba, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select 5 senior secondary schools from the 10 government senior secondary schools in the study area. The sample comprised of 842 students selected from 1013 students. The study adopts the survey design..............

Keywords: Integrated science, biology, predictive validity, academic achievement

[1]. Abdullahi, A. (1983). A study of predictive value of Joint Matriculation Examination (JME) in selected school subjects.Journal of Nigerian Educational Research Association, 3(1).
[2]. Adebayo, A. (2002). Predictive validity of the junior secondary school certificate examinations (JSCE) for academic performance in senior secondary school certificate examinations (SSCE) in Ekiti State, Nigeria.Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria pp. 60 – 62.
[3]. Adebola, S.I. (2004). The relationship between students' performance in junior secondary mathematics, further mathematics and physics.Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN).
[4]. Ademola, K.B. (2004). Students' performance in mathematics as correlates of their basic science subjects. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN).
[5]. Afolabi, E.R and Adewolu, B.A Nigerian Journal of Social and Educational Research, 1: 35 – 42.

Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in our everyday life such that it becomes indispensable in the contemporary world. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) has become integral part of our life in such a way that it is inevitable in every aspect of human Endeavour ranging from educational needs, social needs, commercial needs and above all security needs. As part of human capacity building many ICT centers employ youth to manned the centers sometimes twenty four hours daily serving customers in the developing world..............

Keywords: Information, Communication, Technology, Job Opportunities and Development.

[1]. Adebayo, G. A. & Akinola, D.(2008).Globalizing surveillance: The role of mass media in National development . Knowledge review.vol (16)(3) pp104-111.
[2]. Ademiluyi, Adewale.(2014).Creating Employment and Empowerment using ICT for the youths in Nigeria. Retrieved on 24/03/2015 from http//Google//www.legalwealthcollege.com/creating-emp….
[3]. Christine Zhen-Wei Qiang.(2009).Information communications Technology for Development. Retrieved on 20/03/2015 from Http//Google//.www live World Bank.org/information-comm.…….
[4]. Compuworld web site (2009).Nigeria's ICT sector Growth, gains and challenges. Retrievedon 24/02/2015fromhttp// Google//www. compuworld.com.ng/blog…read.asp…..
[5]. Global cyber (2014).Data breach and electronic crime: The Sony's case.

Abstract: The gamma spectrometric analysis of different brands of cement consumed in Nigeria has been carried out in this study. Samples of 12 brands of grey Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and 5 brands of white cement of six samples each were collected and analysed for their radiological content using gamma spectrometry method. The average value of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K for OPC is 30.2+1.0.4Bqkg-1, 24.6+7.1Bqkg-1, and 251.3+27.6Bqkg-1 respectively and the average value for the white cement is 41.9+16.7Bqkg-1, 30.1+9.4Bqkg-1 and 340.2+77Bqkg-1 respectively. The total average content of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K for all the cement brand samples.............

Keywords: Natural radioactivity, gamma spectroscopy, cement, Nigeria

[1]. Unscear,(2002): Effect and Sources of ionizing radiation.
[2]. Unscear,(2002): The United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of Atomic Radiation.
[3]. Farai, I.P and Ejeh, J.E.(2006); Radioactivity concentrations in Common Brands of Cement in Nigeria.
[4]. D.O.Kpeglo, (2011): Gamma Spectrometric analysis of different brands of cement Used in Nigeria. Avwiri,(2003).
[5]. Sam and Abbas, (2007): Assessment of carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic, Risk Lead in Bottled water in different Age Groups. Kobeissi etal, (2008).

Abstract: This study examined the leadership styles of Secondary School Principals and Teachers' Job satisfaction in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The population of the study comprises three hundred and ninety-nine (399) teachers and the sample for the study consisted of One hundred and Seventy-five (175) teachers. Two research questions were raised to guide the study. The chi-square (x2) statistical analysis was utilized to test the hypothesis at 0.5 level of significance.The findings of the study include..............

Keywords: Leadership styles, Job satisfaction, principals, Teachers, Autocratic.

[1]. Abu-Hussain, J.(1998).Value systems and leadership styles of school principals in Israel‟s Arab sector. In: Studies in educational Administration and Organisation, 22, 87-100 (Hebrew).
[2]. Abu-Hussain, J.& Essawi, M. (2014) Value Orientation and Leadership Style among School Principals in Israel‟s Arab Education System, International Journal of Business Administration, Sciedu Press, Vol.5, N3,49-58.
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[4]. Adeyemi, T.O. (2004).Educational Administration, an Introduction, Ado-Ekiti Green line Publishers.
[5]. Adeyemi,T.O.(2006).Fundamentals of Educational Management. Lagos: Atlantic Associated Publishers. pp. 21-60.

Abstract: The sandbox game therapy plays an active role in mental health education of vocational colleges. To make more readers get familiar with the sand table game therapy, this paper has given an introduction to aspects of the features, roles and the implementation steps of the sand table game therapy as well as the individual sand table therapy and group sand table therapy, indicating that the sand table game therapy would help to higher vocational students improve their self - catharsis of negative emotions, the release of stress and improving the interpersonal skills and self - confidence, and play a therapeutic role in students' psychological problems.

Keywords: Mental health; sandbox game therapy; health education, sand play, Higher Vocational College

[1]. Carey L. Sandplay therapy with a troubled child[J]. Arts in Psychotherapy, 1990, 17(3):197-209.
[2]. Carey L J. Sandplay therapy with children and families[J]. Rosenberg, 1999,(1)
[3]. Zoja E P. Sandplay Therapy: Treatment of Psychopathologies[J]. 2004.
[4]. Pattis E. Sandplay Therapy: Treatment Of Psychopathologies [Paperback][J]. 2004.
[5]. Pouliot S. System and method for using sandboxes in a managed shell: US, US 7725922 B2[P]. 2010.

Abstract: The pre-eminent masterminded devotion to ensuring access to, at least, basic education for every citizen, has sought the need to nomadic education in Nigeria. However, this is to take to the doorstep of the nomadic and other disadvantaged groups, education.Perhaps, as directed by the Nigerian National Policy on Education. The nomadic population in Nigeria has been estimated to be about 9.3 million people of whom about 3.1 million are juvenescence school-aged children. The prepotencies of this population are pastoralists, whereby the remaining population consists of fisher folk and farmers.Fisher Folk Education programs are being implemented in some parts of the country considered.............

[1]. Adamu, M. (1968). A Hausa government in decline: Yauri in the nineteenth century. M. A. dissertation, Ahmadu Bello Univerity, Zaria.
[2]. Akinpelu, J. A. (1994). Education for groups. In Akinkugbe, O. O. (eds). Nigeria and Education: The Challenges Ahead. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.
[3]. Balogun, S. A. (1970). Gwandu Emirates in the nineteenth century with special reference to plitical relations 1817-1903. M. A. dissertation, University of Ibadan.
[4]. Department for International Development (DFID) (1999). Sustainable livelihood guidance. Retrieved from: www.livelihoods. org/info/info.guidancesheet
[5]. Dukku, M. G. (2000). A general biew on the contribution of universities in the education of the disadvantaged groups in Nigeria. A paper presented at the Natioal Conference on Education of Disadvantaged, held at FCE Yola.

Abstract: It is believed that of all the core competencies recognized to contribute to lifelong learning and sustainable development, none is quite as central as the ability to read and write. The paper has as gist, exploring reading skills with regard to its teaching in secondary schools as well as factors surrounding it (both for and against). The paper delved into the conceptual meaning of reading skills and make epitomical overview on the categories of reading skills thus, skimming, scanning, intensive reading and extensive reading as majors among others. The paper also examined..............

[1]. Adeniji, M. A. Omale, A. (2010).Teaching Reading Comprehension in Selected Primary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria.Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Paper 349, ISSN 1522-0222
[2]. Allan, A. & Edward, E. S. (1980).Teaching the Process of Reading Comprehension.In Technical Report No. 182.Illinois: Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.
[3]. Amutheazi, E. (2000). Education and the challenge of patriotism in Nigeria: A goodwill message. In Babarinde, K. (ed.). Education and the Challenge of Patriotism in Nigeria. A publication of Philosophy of Education Association of Nigeria.
[4]. Beatrice, S.M. (2008). Teaching Reading in Second Language. Retrieved from, www.longmanhomeusa.com
[5]. Block, C. C. & Parris, S. R. (Eds.) (2008). Comprehension instruction: Research-based best practices. solving problems in the teaching of literacy (2nd Ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

Abstract: The study investigated the reduction of examination malpractice in public examinations through computer-based test (CBT) mode of examination. The population of the study consists of all senior secondary three (SS3 ) students of nine (9) government owned schools in Owerri Municipal Council who sat for 2016 UTME using CBT. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. A sample of 320 students was selected for the study through stratified random sampling technique. A 15 item likert 4-points of questionnaire was used in data collection...............

Keywords: Computer based test(CBT),examination malpractice

[1]. Adedokun, J.A. (2003). Measurement and evaluation in the classroom. Sagamu: Stronghold Educational Publishers.
[2]. Akanni, O.O. & Odofin, B. (2015). Reducing examination malpractice in Nigerian schools through effective continuous assessment (CA) techniques as an alternative to one-shot examination in Osun State Nigeria. American Journal of Educational Research 3(6), 783-789.
[3]. Bolarin, T.A. (2002). Causes solution to exam fraud: Thisdayonline.htm retrieved 1st July 2016.
[4]. Nnam, M.U. & Inah, A.F. (2015). Empirical investigation into the causes, forms and consequences of examination malpractice in Nigeria institutions of higher learning. International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences, 2(1): 52-62.
[5]. Nwana, O.C. (2000). Aberration in the Nigerian education system. UNESCO, Abuja Office Nigeria.

Abstract: Learning instruction in Early Childhood Education setting requires that pupils interact with their environment while learning various activities. The purpose of writing paper was to investigate how outdoor classroom environment setting influenced provision of quality education in public ECDE centres in West Pokot County, Kenya. The study was conducted through descriptive research design. The respondents for the study involved ECDE teachers, head teachers and education officers. The sample size for the study was arrived at by taking 10-30% of the target population to act as the sample size that is 10% for head teachers and 30% for ECDE teachers............

Keywords: Outdoor, learning, environment, sports, compound, fence, quality, education

[1]. Abiero, M.O. (2013). Parental Satisfaction with the Quality of Pre-Primary Education in Bondo District, Siaya County, Kenya.MED Thesis, Kenyatta University Kenya.
[2]. Boke, R.T. (2014). Implementation of Quality Services in Early Childhood Educational Institutions: A Case of Ntimaru Division, Kuria East District. MED Project, Kenyatta University, Kenya.
[3]. Broekhuizen, K., Scholten, A-M. & de Vries, S.I. (2014). The Value of Pre-school Playgrounds for Children's Physical Activity Level: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11 (59), 1-28.
[4]. Chowdhury, A. & Choudhury, R. (2002).Pre-school Children: Development, Care and Education. New Delhi: New age International publisher.
[5]. Curtis, A. (1998). A Curriculum for the Pre-School Child. London: Routledge.

Abstract: In charge of teaching mathematics at high school, we wanted to explore the changes of frameworks and/or registers in teaching mathematics, particularly by those who promote the process of abstraction and conceptualization among students. The program emphasizes the importance of using various frameworks of studies for the same concept. In this regard, the study of equations and inequalities, the focuses program on the passage from the geometric framework «graphic» in the framework algebraic and vice versa.Our work is divided into two main parts: In the first part, we consider the effects to teacher's didactic/pedagogical choices and decision the mathematical knowledge.

Keywords: Didactics Engineering -know- teach- Games of frames-change of frameworks and/or registers.

[1]. Artigue,Mr.(1989°). Didactics Engineering .Search in didactics of mathematics, Vol 9,No.3 , 282-307 .
[2]. Brousseau, G. (1986) the epistemological obstacles and the didactics of mathematics.
[3]. Brousseau, G. The foundations and methods of the didactics of mathematics .
[4]. Brousseau, G. (1998). Theory of Didactical Situations; research in didactics of mathematics (The Wild thought,
[5]. Chevallard, Y. (1985). The didactic transposition of the learned knowledge in the taught knowledge . The wild thought. Grenoble.

Abstract: The objective of the study is to examine the effect and the interaction between instructional strategies through the application of practice generalization reinforcement instruction strategy vs. direct instruction and prior knowledge on learning outcome of English grammar in junior high school. The research design used quasi experimental design by using the factorial design version pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The subject of the study was the ninth grade students of junior high school 1 Labang, Bangkalan East Java. The sampling method used cluster random sampling's technique. The number of students who involved in this study was 119 students. 60 students were learnt............

Keywords: Instructional strategies, practice generalization reinforcement, direct, prior knowledge, learning outcomes.

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[2]. Ardhana, I.W. 1987. Bacaan Pilihan dalam Metode Penelitian Pendidikan.Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
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[4]. Bloom, B. 1981. Developing Talent in Young People. New York: McGraw Hill.
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Abstract: The aim of this research was to find out whether Number Head Together as one of the cooperative learning strategy can improve the students' reading comprehension. The design of this research was Classroom Action Research (CAR) since this research focus on the teaching and learning activities in the classroom. This research was conducted at the eight grade of SMPN 1 Rejoso Kabupaten Pasuruan that consists of 27 students for D class. The result of this research can be said success because there was a progress improvement from each cycles conducted. It was proven by the result of the test in the cycle one 52% and cycle two 84% from the criteria of success which was standardized 80% from all students got minimal standard score 76.

Keywords: Numbered head together, reading comprehension, narrative text.

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[5]. Cahyono, B. Y.2011. Techniques and Stategies to Enhance English Language Learning. Malang: State University of Malang Press