iosr-JRME   Volume-8 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2018

Abstract: This study examines the constraints and motivating factors affecting their skills acquisitions by single mothers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Results obtained revealed that their single parenthood status were mostly attributed to divorce and unprotected sex. 42% of the respondents were unemployed. Most of the employed respondents acquired skills after their first pregnancies and they claimed to have been engaged in diverse activities to earn wages used to acquire their skills. Most of the unemployed respondents expressed their readiness to acquire skills if enabling environment could be provided. Previous empowerments received by the employed respondents were mostly rendered by relations and co-operative societies. Other agents failed to empower the respondents sustainably. Strategies that would eliminate the identified constraints were recommended.

Keywords: Entrepreneur, empowerment, single mothers, Nigeria

[1]. Akinyemi, E. O. (2016). Entrepreneurial empowerment of people with special needs in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria. Journal of Arts and Humanities 5(11), 26-38.
[2]. Akintayo, M. (2003). Adult education and non-formal education: A controversy. A paper presented at the Intensive Training of Adult Education in Niger Delta, Shell Petroleum, Port Harcourt.
[3]. Amato, P. R. and Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well being of children: a meta- analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 26–46.
[4]. Anyebe, A. A. (2017). Entrepreneurship education and employment in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 7(3), 739-747.
[5]. Baba, G. K. (2013). The challenges of entrepreneurship in Nigeriaand way forward. Journal of Business and Organizational Development 5(1), 54-64

Abstract: Teachers are one of the most vital inputs in secondary schools without which countries experience great hindrance to provision of quality education. Gem Sub-County has the highest shortage of secondary school teachers in Siaya County, Kenya. In pressing forth, most schools resort to hiring BOM teachers at the school's own expense to curb the teacher shortage. This, however, largely compromises the quality of education as huge amounts of money meant for other educational resources are diverted to pay BOM teachers' wages. This paper is an analysis of the relationship between the expenditure on BOM teachers' wage bill and academic performance at Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) in Gem Sub-County. A target population of 38 head teachers, 190 Heads of Departments and 214 B.O.M teachers were considered for the study. Saturation sampling technique was used to.........

Keywords: Board of Management, Teachers, Academic Performance, KCSE, Quality Education, Wage Bill

[1]. UNESCO (2012). School and teaching resources in Sub Saharan Africa. Analysis of UIS Regional data collection on Education.
[2]. Kingdon, G., & Teal, F. (2005). Does performance related pay for teachers improve student performance? Some evidence from India. Global Poverty Research group, www.grpg.org/
[3]. Figlio, D. N., & Kenny, L. W. (2007). Individual teacher incentives and student performance. Journal of Public Economics, 91(5-6), 901-914.
[4]. Whitley, T. (2014). Pay for performance: Relationship between teacher salaries and student performance. Creighton University, 2014 journal of political science research
[5]. Yu, G. (2007). Research evidence of school effectiveness in Sub Saharan Africa. University of Bristol, U.K., Edqual Research programme consortium.

Abstract: Willingness to speak English in the EFL classroom context has been one of the ongoing phenomena in English teaching and learning which are motivating to investigate. This research reports the results of investigation towards the use of the rolled class policy conducted at a faculty of Teacher Training and Education in Indonesia which is based on the need to increase students' willingness to participate at the classroom. The research engaged the qualitative approach on the rolled class policy for the sake of searching out the contributions within teaching and learning process at the classroom with respect to students' willingness to speak English. The participants of the research were............

Keywords: willingness to speak, rolled class policy, classroom atmosphere, relationship, students' participation

[1]. Martin, J. & Sugarman, J. Models of Classroom Management. Second Edition (Bellingham, Washington: Temeron Books Inc, 1993).
[2]. Marzano, R., Marzano, J., & Pickering, D. Classroom Management that Works. Research-based Strategies for Every Teacher (Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, VA, 2003).
[3]. Everton, C. M & Weinstein, C. S. (Eds.), Handbook of Classroom Management, Research, Practice, and Contemporary Issues (Mahwah, NJ: Larence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 2006).
[4]. MacIntyre, P. D., & Doucette, J. Willingness to Communicate and Action Control. System, 38, 2010, 161-171.
[5]. Gardner, R. C. Motivation and Second Language Acquisition. Porta Linguarum, 2007, 9-20.

Abstract: Biological knowledge plays fundamental role in most aspects of human life. Its application in genetic engineering has made a tremendous contribution towards meeting the demand of food security, medicine and control of a variety of diseases. Despite this significant role, there is a national concern about the attitude of students towards biology by high school students' especially in physiology and biochemical topics. This study determined the effects of Vee Heuristic Teaching Approach on students' attitudes towards learning Biology. This study was conducted in public secondary schools in Tharaka Nithi County. Solomon Four – Group Non Equivalent Control Group Design was used. Data was collected from 12 schools randomly sampled from within the county. The sample comprised of 396Form 2 students from four boys, four girls and four co-educational schools. A Biology Attitude Questionnaire was developed and used for data collection. The instruments were pilot-tested in one boy's, one girl's and one co-educational school in Embu East Sub-county to ascertain its reliability. The reliability coefficient.........

Keywords: students' attitude, teaching approach, biology, Vee Heuristic

[1]. Abukuiro , M .I. & Joshua T.M.(2004). Self concept, altitude and achievements ofsecondary school students in science in southern cross state, Nigeria, university of Calabar, Nigeria.
[2]. Barchok, H.K. (2011). Effects of collaborative concept mapping teaching approach on students' achievement motivation and attitude towards Biology. Unpublished PhD thesis, Moi University.
[3]. Freeman, M.P. (1997). Relationship among laboratory instruction, attitude towards science, and achievement in science knowledge. Journal of research in science teaching 34, 343-357.
[4]. German, P.J. (1994). Testing a mode of science process skills acquisition: An interaction with parents' Education, preferred language, gender, science, altitude, longitude development, academic ability and knowledge.Journal of research in science teaching 31, (7), 749-783
[5]. Geswami, U & Bryant, P. (2007).Children's cognitive development and learning.In R. Alexander (Ed).The Cambridge Primary Review research surveys 141-169. London: Routledge.

Abstract: Introduction: School Health Programme (SHP) have been developed to promote health and well-being of school children so as to increase their capacity for making healthy choices. Teachers in the school health programme play a fundamental role, as they carry the full authority for the promotion and successful implementation of the school health programme. Objective: our study has been conducted to evaluate school health services in Albaha Governorate; Saudi Arabia in both an urban and a rural area. Methods: this was a descriptive cross- sectional survey conducted from November 2016 to June 2017.Results:According to job description the respondents were classified as school administrators (head masters), health supervisors and subject teachers that constitute 16.2 %, 3.9%, and 79.8% respectively among the respondents. Most teachers were below 45 years old (79.4%). The majority of in-service..........

[1]. Al-Shehri SN. Healthy students – healthy nation. J Family Community Med. 2002 Jan; 9(1):15-7.
[2]. Prasad, K. R. (2005). School health. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 30(4), 3.
[3]. Alansari, S. (2001). Entrance to the School Health (second ed.). Riyadh: Khaled Ameen Institution (Arabic reference).
[4]. Jamiso DT, Leslie J. Health and nutrition considerations in planning. 2. The cost and effectiveness of school based interventions. Food Nutrition Bulletin. 1990;12(3):204–14.
[5]. Research to improve implementation and effectiveness of school health programmes. WHO/HPR/96.3. Geneva: WHO; WHO.

Abstract: This study is designed to find out the relationship between benefits, problem solver quality, facilitating accessibility of provided health service and perceptions of disabled people about health services. This research was carried out with 140disabled people, living in Eskişehir. The data was collected through "Perception Scale of Disabled about Health Services (PSDHS) developed by researchers. These data were analyzed with Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis by using the statistical package LISREL. The findings from the study revealed that the scale was valid and reliable and that benefits, problem solver quality, facilitating accessibility of provided health service affect directly perceptions of disabled people about health services.

[1]. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Data analyze handbook for social sciences. Ankara: Pegem A Publishing.
[2]. Chou S. C., Boldy D. P. & Lee A. H. (2002), Measuring Job Satisfaction in Residential Aged Care, International Journal for Health Care, 14(1), 49-54.
[3]. Çokluk, Ö. Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010), Multivariate Statistics SPSS and LISREL Applications for the Social Sciences (1st Ed.), Ankara: Pegem A Publishing.
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[5]. Hooper, D., Caughlan, J. & Mullen, M. R. (2008), Structural Equation Modeling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit, Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6 (1), 53-60. http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?item=1001&context=buschmanart, (Retrieval date: 08.01.2011)..

Abstract: Before they start their profession, it is a necessity for teachers, to whom we are going to commit our future, to get a good education, have positive attitudes towards teaching profession and have higher motivation levels for future education experiences of higher quality. In this study, the attitudes and motivation of the senior students attending to the faculty of education and the students getting pedagogical formation training towards the teaching profession were evaluated in terms of various variables and the attitudes and the motivation levels of the senior students and formation students were compared. The study was conducted as a correlational survey research. The sample of the study consists of total 403 students from the senior class of education faculty of University of Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen and from the pedagogical formation training of the same university. The data of the study was collected via "...........

Keywords: Teaching Profession Attitude, Teaching Profession Motivation, Pre-Service Teacher

[1] E. Balcı, Öğretmenlerin rolleri, Eğitim sosyolojisi (Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık, 1991).

[2] J. M. Walker, and B. H. Dotger, Because wisdom can't be told: using comparison of simulated parent-teacher conferences to assess teacher candidates' readiness for family–school partnership. Journal of Teacher Education, 63(1), 2012, 62-75.

[3] Z. Bursalıoğlu, Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış (Ankara: Pegem Yayınları. 1994).

[4] H. Dilaver, Türkiye'de öğretmen istihdamının dünü, bugünü ve yarını, eğitimimize bakışlar (Ġstanbul: Kültür Koleji Vakfı Yayınları, 1996).

[5] T. Russell, How I teach is the message, teaching about teaching: purpose, passion and pedagogy in teacher education, Teaching Teachers, 27(1), 1997, 65-85.

Abstract: The Indians have a long and unbroken history, heritage, culture and tradition because of its educational system from the early past. In Karnatak, there were a large number of educational institutions like Agraharas, Brahmapuris, Maths, and Ghatikasthans. The Dharwad district of ancient Karnataka is welknown for its educational institutions. Beginning from the period of the Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas of Kalyana and Vijayanagara kings were patronized such ancient educational centers in Dharwad region. Therefore even today Dharwad is popularly known as Vidyakashi. During the Muslim rule Education was imparted through Mukhtab and Madarasas. During the English rule, the northern parts of Karnataka including Dharwad became the part of Bombay Presidency............

[1]. Banakar Mahadev, Kannada in English Administration, Kannada and Culture Directorate, Bengaluru, page No. 610, 1986
[2]. Katageri.N.H, Ancient Dharwad, page No. 74, 2007-08
[3]. Maharashtra State Gazette Department, Education Department, record No 135-1 page No. 1, 1915
[4]. Karnatak College Miscellany, page No. 01, 1917.
[5]. Maharashtra State Gazette Department, Education Department, record No 135-1 page No 5, para No. 1, 1915

Abstract: The purpose of this research are to find out: 1) the effect of perception on head master's supervision toward achievement motivation, 2) the effect of organization culture toward achievement motivation, 3) the effect of perception on head master's supervision toward teacher's performance, 4) the effect of organization culture toward teacher's performance, and 5) the effect of achievement motivation toward teacher's performance. This research method is path analysis quantitative research. The population is 239 private junior high school of 44 area Deli Serdang district and the sample 139 by using Isaac and Michael. The research instrument is questionnaire with Likert scale. Research data is processed and analyzed by using path analysis. The path analysis is started with normality analysis through Lilliefors formula, Homogeneity test through Berlet and Linier and Regression. Based on hypothesis test, it is concluded that: (1) there is an direct effect perception on head master supervision toward achievement motivation, it is showed by tcount= ρ31>ttableα=5%(5,1931 > 1,645); (2) there is an direct effect organization...........

Key words: Teacher's performance, Perception on Head Master Performance, Organization Culture and Motivation Achievement

[1]. Sagala, H.Syaiful, Kemampuan Profesional Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2009, pp. 180.
[2]. Yamin, Martinis, Profesional Guru dan Implementasi KTSP,Jakarta: Gaung Persada Perss, 2007, pp. 155
[3]. Gibson, James L, Jhon M. Ivancerich and James H. Donelly, Organisation, (Djarkasih, Terjemahan) Jakarta: Erlangga, 2006, pp. 56.
[4]. Sukarman Purba, Kinerja Pimpinan Jurusan di Perguruan Tinggi. Laksbang: Yogyakarta, 2009, pp. 7.
[5]. Pidarta, Peran Kepala Sekolah Pada Pendidikan Dasar, Seri Manajemen Pendidikan. Jakarta: Grasindo.1995, pp.152

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of the use of cooperative learning model Jigsaw and discipline of learning on student learning outcomes on the material Understanding the meaning of Youth Pledge in class III Public Private School Bhakti Helvetia T.P 2017/2018. The type of this research is quasi experiment with 2 x 2 factorial design. The population of this research is all the third grade students of SD Karya Bakti Helvetia, that is as many as 2 classes with the number of 60 students. The sample selection is taken by total sampling technique that is from the two existing classes as a whole set as sample. Thus the sample is defined ie class IIIA and class IIIB. The determination of the class for the implementation of the learning model was determined by class IIIA consisting of 30 students for the classes taught by using conventional learning model (lecture) and learning discipline and...........

Key words: jigsaw type learning model, learning discipline, learning outcomes

[1]. Sudrajad,Akhmad.2010a.Definisi Pendidikan Menurut UU no 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sikdinas,(Online),( http://akhmadsudrajat.wodpress.com, diakses 8 Februari 2017).
[2]. DimyatidanMudjiono. 2006. Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
[3]. Ahmadi.2003.Psikologi Belajar. Jakarta: RinekaCipta

[4]. Slameto(2010: 54 ).Belajar dan Faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhinya.Jakarta :Rhinekacipta
[5]. Djamarah,Syaiful,Bahri.2000. "Guru dan Anak Difik Dalam Interaksi Edukatif. Jakarta: RinekaCipta

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze (1) The result of student learning that is learned by Index Card Match method is higher than the result of student civic education learning which is taught by expository method (2) Students who have high learning motivation have higher civic education learning outcomes of students who have low learning motivation, (3) Interaction learning methods and motivation to learn in influencing student learning outcomes of student civic education. The population of this research is the students of grade V SD Negeri 104190 Paluh Kurau Learning Year 2017/2018, consists of 2 classes with the number of students 60 people. The sample of this research is determined class sample that is class V-A = 30 people to follow Index Card Match method and class V-B = 30 people to follow expository method. The sampling technique is done by total sampling. Research instruments to..........

Key words: Index Card Match Method, Learning Motivation, and Learning Outcomes

[1]. Rusman. 2012. Model – Model Pembelajaran. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada
[2]. Sardiman, A.M. 2009. Interaksi dan Motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada
[3]. Zaini, Hisyam dkk. 2008. Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif.Yogyakarta: Pustaka InsanMadani
[4]. Silberman, Mel. 2009. Active Learning 101 Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani
[5]. Ma'rifah.2014. Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Index Card Match Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Bentuk Geometri Pada Anak Kelas A Ra Masyithoh Segoroyoso Ii Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014. Tesis. Universitas Sebelas Maret

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of cooperative learning model of team assisted individualization (TAI) and direct learning on critical thinking ability in chemical education. The method of this research is quasi experiment with design pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sample of this research was class XI IPA 3 as experiment group and class XI IPA 2 as control group, which choosen by purposive sampling technic. The proposed hypotheses of the research were tested by using analysis of covarian. The results of the research showed that Fcount < Ftable (0.281 < 3.996) then H0 is accepted, no significant influence on students' critical thinking ability which is taught using cooperative learning model of TAI is different from students who are taught using conventional learning model with average ability value critical thinking of the students in the experimental class 7.10 and in the control class 7.69.

Key words: cooperative learning model of Team Assisted Individualization, Critical thinking ability

[1]. Nugraheni, W. 2013. Studi Komparasi Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Metode Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) dan Numbered Head Together (NHT) Dilengkapi Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pokok Kesetimbangan Kimia Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013. Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Vol.2, No.4.
[2]. Pramestasari, E.A. 2016. Application of Guided Journal in Cooperative Learning in Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) Type to Support Mathematical Communication of Class VIII-A Students at SMA Negeri 2 Malang. IOSR-JRME Vol. 6, Issue 5.
[3]. Pratiwi, F. A. (2014). Eksperimentasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Assisted Individualization ( TAI ) Dengan Assessment For Learning (AfL) Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Ditinjau Dari Kemampuan. Jurnal Elektronik Pembelajaran Matematika, 2(8), 842–852.
[4]. Sastrika, I.A.K. 2013. Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Kimia dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis. e-Journal Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Vol. 3
[5]. Tinungki, G. M. 2015. The Role of Cooperative Learning Type Team Assisted Individualization to Improve the Students' Mathematics Communication Ability in the Subject of Probability Theory. Journal of Education and Practice Vol. 6, No.32

Abstract: Central to the entire discipline of ESP is the process of needs analysis and identification. In this sense, whatever the learners' requirements and their target discourse community, ESP practitioners go beyond teaching to providing and designing suitable ESP courses that better meet the demands of their global age. However, being trained for general language teaching, ESP practitioners are teaching with limited knowledge in the students' field of study. This article sheds light on this challenging task that requires sharing roles and responsibilities between language, subject teachers, learners, and institutions to bridge the existing gap between research and education.

Key words:ESP, NAI, Practitioners, Research, Education

[1]. Caena, F. (2011). Literature Review: Quality Teachers‟ Continuing Professional Development. European Commission (http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-development_en.pdf)
[2]. Dudley-Evans, T., & Johns, A. (1991). English for Specific Purposes: International in Scope, Specific in Purpose. TESOL Quarterly, 25(2), 297-314.
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[4]. Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [5]. Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A.(1984). How Communicative is ESP? ELT Journal, 8(2), 108-113.

Abstract: Medicine is an art of giving relief to the persons suffering from any mental or physical problem. So, it was needed since the human race developed the sense of thinking. Even today in the forest we see even animals treating their kith and kin in their own way. In olden days, the persons engaged in treating patients used to tell their sons and daughters about secrets of their treatment at the time of their death. But, if the specialist person dies young or remains single or had no issues, his secret of treatment used to go with him. Gradually such information were recorded in documents. Subsequently study of such documents systematically took the form of ME.Even during Pre-Vedic period (from 3000 BC) evidence of anatomical knowledge has been found in the form of cave paintings in Indus valley. Vedic period (around 1500BC) has been marked by writing of four Vedas, or sciences. They describe the aspects of anatomy, medicinal.........

Key words: Medical Education, Pre Vedic era, Vedic era, Sultanate and Mogul era, British era and Current era

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