Volume-9 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: This work is being gingered by the rapidly increased menace of polymeric waste generated daily, their poor management and high industrial demand for conductive polymers. Five grams of the polymers: poly styrene, poly ethylene, poly propylene and nylon66 were doped with eight different concentrations of charcoal (0.00%,0.05%,0.1%,0.5%,0.75%,1.00%,1.25%,1.5%) under heat application and compressed in a wooden mould into tablets of the doped polymers. On testing for the electrical and thermal conductivity of the doped polymers, it was observed that its electrical conductivity and thermal conductivities was actually enhanced to measure up to the conductivity of some known semi conductors therefore can be employed in many industrial purposes like in the production of capacitors used in electronics on further refining.
Keywords: conductivity, charcoal, doping, polymers, wastes.

[1]. C.M Rochman.Plastics and priority pollutants: A Multiple Stressor in Aquatic Habitats. Environ. Sci. Technology.2013, 47(6):2439–2440.
[2]. K.D Klika. Waste plastics and pharmaceuticals, could an integration solution help? Environ. Sci. Technology.2013, 47(18):101-112
[3]. K.A Aderogba. Polymer wastes and management in cities and towns of Nigeria and sustainable environment '' Peak Journal of Physical and Environmental Science Research.2014 Vol.2 (1), pp. 1-12
[4]. G. Chen, M. Patel. Plastics derived from biological sources: Present and future: technical and environmental review. Chem. Rev.2014 112(4):2082-2099.
[5]. S. Beth (. Simple ways to reuse and recycle your holiday décor. London: World Street Journal (Saturday, 28th December 2012).

Abstract: A study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the ground water from landfill leachiest in Chantan, a suburb of Accra. Six wells were excavated from the Dump site and the concentrations for heavy metal such as copper, chromium, arsenic and zinc were monitored using wet digestion technique. HCl and HNO3 were used followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The heavy metals were quantified using external calibration with standards............
Keywords: Pollution: Heavy metal: Atomic Absorption spectrophometry: Ground water: World Health Organization.

[1]. Adepoju-Bello, A.A. and O.M. Alabi, 2005. Heavy metals: A review. The Nig. J. Pharm., 37: 41-45.
[2]. Ajibade, O. M., Omisanya, K. O. And Odunsi, G. O., (2011): Groundwater potability and flow directionof urban aquifer, Ibadan, SouthwesternNigeria;Journal of the Nigerian Association ofHydrogeologists, Volume 21, ISSN 0795-6495. Pp38-55APHA-AWWA-WEF. (2001). Standard Methods for Examinations of Water and Wastewater, (22nd ed., pp. 4-146). Washington D.C.

[3]. Allen, J.P and Torres, I.G. (1991), ―Physical Separation Techniques for Contaminated Sediment,‖ in Recent Developments in Separation Science, N.N. Li, Ed., CRC Press, West Palm Beach, FL, Vol V.
[4]. Bower, H.(2002): Artificial recharge of groundwater; Hydrology and Engineering; Hydrogeologist Journal 10(1).pp121-142
[5]. California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB), 2000, Waste Discharge Requirements for In-Situ Pilot-Study for the Chemical Reduction of Cr, Order No. R1–2000–54.

Abstract: The literature survey showed that the chelating Schiff base ligands derived from 2-aminophenol compounds encompass a highly remarkable class of compounds having a wide range of applications in clinical, biochemical and physiological activities. The involvement of metal complex formation in normal life processes has led to reviews from medical chemistry research, Inorganic chemistry research and several field of chemistry research. The literature survey showed that the chelating Schiff base ligands derived from 2-aminophenol compounds encompass a highly remarkable class of compounds having a wide range of applications in clinical.:.......
Keywords: physiological, 2-aminophenol, Schiff base, Metal chelates

[1]. M. Sayed. Abdallah, Gehad G. Mohamed, M.A. Zayed, Mohsen S. Abou El-Ela, Spectroscopic study of molecular structures of novel Schiff base derived from o-phthaldehyde and 2-aminophenol and its coordination compounds together with their biological activity, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 73, 2009, 833–840
[2]. M.I Omima. Adly , Characterization, molecular modeling and antimicrobial activity of metal complexes of tridentate Schiff base derived from 5-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,3-thiazine-2,6(3H)-dione and 2-aminophenol, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 95, 2012, 483–490.
[3]. A. Ayman. Abdel Aziz, Abdel Naby M. Salem, Mostafa A. Sayed, Mohamed M. Aboaly, Synthesis, structural characterization, thermal studies, catalytic efficiency and antimicrobial activity of some M(II) complexes with ONO tridentate Schiff base N-salicylidene-o-aminophenol (saphH2), Journal of Molecular Structure, 1010,2012,130–138.
[4]. G. Gehad. Mohamed, Zeinab H. Abd El-Waha, Mixed ligand complexes of bis(phenylimine) Schiff base ligands incorporating pyridinium moietySynthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 61,2005, 1059–1068.

Abstract: Essential oils are highly concentrated substances, which are extracted from fruit peels, flowers, leaves, stems, roots and seeds. These oils are often used for their flavor and their therapeutic or odiferous properties, in a wide selection products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Although there are a wide variety of methods available to extract essential oils, it is a time consuming process in which the quality of the final product varies depending on the preferred process. In this study oils are extracted from orange peels by simple distillation which is both effective and cost efficient.

[1]. Ramgopal et.al, B.E project report, department of chemical engineering, BMSCE Bangalore, India, 2016..

Abstract: Iron (III) and Chromium (III) complexes with a tetradentate phenolic Schiff base wereprepared by refluxing method. The phenolic Schiff base was formed by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and hydrazine monohydrate in methanol. The resulting precipitates were isolated by filteration and purified by recrystallisation. The Schiff base and the metal (III) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, m.p,FT-IR, molar conductivity and magnetic measurements. Sharp range in melting/ decomposition temperature shows the compounds are probably pure. The IR spectra of the Schiff base and the metal (III) complexes are compared and discussed.:.......
Keywords: Schiff base, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, Complex, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant

[1]. AliyuH.N and Sani U. (2012): "Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) Schiff base complexes against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens" International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Vol. 2(2):40-44
[2]. Ashraf, M. A., Mahmood K. and Wajid A. (2011).Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Schiff Bases", IPCBEE, 10: 1–7 Chohan, Z.H.; Arif, M.; Shafiq, Z.; Yaqub, M.; Supuran, C.T. (2006): In vitro antibacterial, antifungal & cytotoxic activity of some isonicotinoylhydrazide Schiff's bases and their cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II) complexes. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 21: 95–103
[3]. Chohan, Z.H.; Pervez, H.; Rauf, A.; Khan, K.M.; Maharvi, G.M.; Supuran, C.T. (2004): Antibacterial and Antifugal Mono-and Di-substituted Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Triazine-derived Schiff-bases and their Transition Metal Complexes. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 19: 161–168.

Abstract: Schiff bases having indole moiety are well known biological active agents. The present research deals with the preparation of 5-substituted furan-2-yl) [1,3,4] thiadiazino[6,5b]indole-3-amine from 2-amino 1,3,4-thiadiazino[6,5b] indole and sustituted furfural. In aqueous medium the compounds are less soluble, which causes diminishing biofunctionality. The bioaccessibility and stability of the synthesized schiff bases can be enhanced by the preparation of their inclusion complexes with β-Cyclodextrin. The Schiff bases as well as their inclusion complexes are analyzed through physical and different spectral techniques like UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR`..:.......
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, antifungal activity,antioxidant activity, Inclusion complex, substituted indoles, β-cyclodextrin

[1]. D.Wang, D.Y. Sheng, F.Qin, L. Fang, and P.Gong, synthesis and in vitro antiviral activities of some new 2-arylthio methyl-4-tertiaryamino methyl substituted derivatives of 6-bromo-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-hydroxy indoles, Chinese chemical letters,15(1),2004, 19-22.
[2]. D.S. Meht,KH. Sikotra, and HV. Shah, Synthesis and biological screening of some new indole derivatives, Ind J Chem,44(B), 2005,2594-2597.
[3]. T. Chandra, N. Garg, and A. Kumar, synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of indole derivatives, Int J chem Tech Res,2(3),2010,762-773.
[4]. P. Thirumurugan,S. Mahalaxmi, and P.T. Perumal, synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of indole derivatives, J chem sci,122(16),2010,819-832.
[5]. S.N. Pandeya, P. Yogeeswari, D. Sriram, andG. Nath,G synthesis and antimicrobial activity of N-Mannich bases of 3-N'-sulphadoximinoisatin and its methyl derivatives, Boll Chim Farm,137,1998, 321-324.

Abstract: C10 esters obtained from octanoic acid and acetic acid were evaluated for their suitability as base fluids in oil and gas wells drilling mud formulation. Comparison of the physicochemical parameters of the esters with that reported in literature revealed an agreement between the two sets of values. Two mud formulations were designed from each of the esters and their rheology profile between 80 oF and 200 oF compared with that of a commercially available synthetic base fluid. The result of the rheological tests performed on all the drilling muds formulated indicated that with appropriate additives, the mud formulation using the two synthetic esters could perform as good as the reference fluid.`..:.......
Keywords: Esters; synthetic base fluids; drilling muds; rheology.

[1]. Adekomaya O.A., Anifowose D.M. and Wale T. (2011), Experimental Study of the Effect of Temperature on the Flow Properties of Normal Oil Based Muds in Niger Delta Formation, Petroleum and Coal, 53(2); pp140-145.
[2]. Al-Yasiri M. S. And Al-Sallami W. T. (2015), How The Drilling Fluids Can be Made More Efficient by Using Nanomaterials , American Journal Of Nano Research and Applications, 3(3): pp 41-45.
[3]. Amorin R., Dosunmu A. and Amankwah R. K. (2015), Economic Viability of the Use of Local Pseudo-Oils for Drilling Fluid Formulation, Ghana Mining Journal, 15 ( 2); pp 81 - 90.
[4]. Amosa M. K., Mohammed I.A., Yaro S.A., Arinkoola A.O. and Azeez G.O. (2010), Comparative Analysis of the Efficacies of Ferrous Gluconate and Synthetic Magnetite as Sulphide Scavengers in Oil and Gas Drilling Operations, NAFTA, 61(3); pp 117-122.
[5]. API (2014), American Petroleum Institute "Recommended Practice for Field Testing Oil-Based Drilling Fluids" Recommended Practice 13B-2, 5th Ed., April, 2014..

Abstract: Rate of urbanization in Kenya has increased, resulting to increased generation of solid and liquid wastes. This has increased the use of landfills and dumpsites to manage wastes as well to reduce pollution. Landfills and dumpsites are the contributing sources of methane into the atmosphere and heavy metals in the environment. This study was to quantify the levels of methane and heavy metals in leachates from Dandora dumpsite, in Nairobi County. Methane and leachates samples were collected from twenty and ten sampling sites representative of the Dandora dumpsite, in a period of six months from November 2012 to April 2013..`..:.......
Keywords: Dandora dumpsite, selected heavy metals, Leachate. Methane levels.

[1]. Republic of Kenya (2009).Report on Kenya country situational Analysis and Needs Assessment for the preparation of National
Plans of Joint Action for Implementation of the Libreville Declaration on Health and environment in Africa. December 2009.
[2]. Kavila Wambua (2011). Landfills to replace garbage dumpsites. Tagged: East Africa, Kenya. 20 June 2011.
[3]. Rotich, K. Henry Zhao Yongsheng, Dong (2005). An illegal dumpsite at Kibera in municipal solid waste management; challenges
in developing countries college of Environment and Resources. Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China. pp 101 -127.
[4]. TWAS, newsletter, (2009). Newsletter of the academy of sciences for the developing world. Published with support of the Kuwai t
Foundation for the Advancement of sciences. Vol. 21 No. 4 pp 44- 46.
[5]. Tampa, T. (2011). Five years on, east Pasco landfill proposal still in dispute. New York Washington D.C.

Abstract: s-Triazines (3) were synthesized by the reaction of formaldehyde with substituted benzoic hydrazides (2). Structural assignments of newly synthesized compounds are based on the analytical and spectral data.The final compound(3) were screened against various bacteria viz staphylococcus aurous(Sa) Enterococcus facalis(Ef) and Escherichia Coli(Ec) involving two strains of (Sa) and (Ef) and only one of (Ec) as recommended by NCCLS, Moxifloxacin and linezolid were taken as reference standard.
Keywords: Synthesis, Triazines, Hydrazides, Antibacterial activity.Moxifloxacin,linezolid.

[1]. Abha Bishnoi; R Saxena., Indian Journal of Hetrocycle Chemistry; 11, 2001, 47-50.
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[5]. V. K. Pandey.; S .Yadav; M N .Joshi and S. K. Bajpai, Antivual activity of s-triazine, Buel Mem, 26, 2000, 4851..

Abstract: The efficiency of alcoholic extract of Tetrameles Nudiflora (TN) leaves as an environmentally friendly inhibitor for mild steel in 1N HCl solution has been investigated by weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Inhibition efficiency was found to be about 84.26 % at 15 v/v. Polarization curves revealed that TN leaves extract act as mixed type of inhibitor. Organic moieties present in the extract are found responsible for effective performance of the inhibitor which was well supported by FTIR studies. Corrosion current increases and inhibition efficiency decreases with temperature increasing in HCl solutions with and without Tetrameles Nudiflora leaves extract. The surface morphology analysis was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Inhibition efficiencies obtained from electrochemical techniques and weight loss method are in good agreement.
Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, Polarization techniques, Scanning Electron Microscope, Weight loss method .

[1]. A . P. Srikanth, S. Nanjundan, and N. Rajendran, Prog. Org. Coat., 60, (2007), 320.
[2]. B. Obot, and N. O. Obi-Egbedi, Corros. Sci. 52, (2010), 198-204.
[3]. M.Yadav, D. Sharma, S. Kumar, I. Bahadur, and E. E. Ebenso, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9, (2014), 6580-6593
[4]. M. Yadav, S. Kumar, I. Bahadur, and D. Ramjugernath, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9, (2014), 3928-3950.
[5]. H. Vahisht, S. Kumar, I. Bahadur, G. Singh, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, (2013), 684-699..

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the organochlorine pesticide residue level in representative sites in Rusinga Island of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Sediment and water samples from five sites along the shores of Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria were collected and analysed for selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP) using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector and confirmed using GC/MS. The pesticides targeted were p,p'-DDT, γ- HCH, α- HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, endrin, endrin, aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate, methoxychlor and endosulfan..........
Keywords: Lake Victoria,Organochlorine pesticide residues, Rusinga Island, , sediment and water pollution.

[1] Mosleh Y.Y, Ismail S. M. M, Ahmed M.T and Ahmed Y. M (2003). Comparative toxicity and biochemical responses of certain pesticides to the mature earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa under laboratory conditions. Environmental Toxicology 18:338-346.
[2] Larson D. L, Mcdonald S, Fivizzani A, Newton W and Hamilton S (2005). Effect of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles. Journal of Experimental Zoology 7:39-47.
[3] Pest Control and Product Board PCPB, (2008). Annual Report, July 2007/June 2008, © 2008 Pest Control Products Board.
[4] UNEP (2013). United Nations Environment Programme. Report of the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee on the work of its ninth meeting. 28 November 2013, Rome.
[5] Ritter L, Solomon K. R, Forget J, Stemeroff M and Leary C. O (1995). Persistent Organic Pollutants. An Assessment Report on: DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Chlordane, Heptachlor-Hexachlorobenzene, Mirex, Toxaphene, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Dioxins, and Furans. ForThe International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)..

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the effects of materials and the age of roofing sheets on the quality of harvested rainwater in Totoro Abeokuta area of Ogun State Nigeria, between the months of June and August 2015. The rainwater samples were collected carefully, stored properly and then taken to the laboratory for physicochemical analysis which was conducted in accordance with standard procedures. The physicochemical analysis results showed a temperature range of 26.75oC - 27.70oC, pH range of 5.18 - 7.08, Dissolved Oxygen range of 5.46 - 7.43mg/L, conductivity range of 5.77-88.30μS/cm, color of 5.00 TCU, turbidity range of 0.41-2.97mg/L, total solids range of 6.55-82.70mg/L, total suspended solids range of 4.25-43.30mg/L and total dissolved solids range of 2.30-39.40mg/L. All these physical quantities had concentration within the recommended guidelines of the World Health Organization except the pH of some samples which fell below the lower limit of 6.5 and are thus more acidic.
Keywords: chemical analysis, elemental analysis, harvested rainwater, physicochemical analysis, roofing sheets.

[1] Joanne N. Gakungu. Qualitative assessment of Rainwater harvested from roof. International journal of soft computing and engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume 3, issue 4,2013,pg 263-266
[2] OlaoyeR.A., Olaniyan O.S. Quality of rainwater from different roof materials.International journal of engineering and technology. Volume 2 Number 8, August 2012. 2012.Pg 1413-1421
[3] Abeokuta North – https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeokuta_North. Date viewed 15th August 2015.
[4] Ademoroti C.M.A. Standard methods for water and effluents analysis (Foludex press Limited, Ibadan 1996) 79-171
[5] Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition; World Health Organisation; 2011

Abstract: Retamaraetam is a medicinal herb growing wild in the mountain alkurvillage was collected in the flowering stage and after treatment in ways different methods of chromatography for isolated Rhamnocitrin has been purified bySephadex LH-20 and identified by spectroscopic methods (UV, NMR).showed that despite the differences in potency of Retamaraetamand Rhamnocitrinsubstances they were found to possess parallel regression lines. This may suggest that these extracts have the same mode of action against the tested insect larvae.
Keywords: Retamaraetam, Fabaceae, Alwajh, Rhamnocitrin,insecticide.

[1] Chang, H. M. and But, P. H. 1986. Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica, Vols 1 and 2, 1320. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
[2] Farnsworth, N. R., Akerele, O., Bingel, A. S., Soejarto, D. D. and Guo, Z. 1985. Medicinal plants in therapy. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 63:965- 981.
[3] Kapoor, L. D. 1990. CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 416.
[4] MosbahMahdhi a, Ange`leNzoue´ b, Philippe de Lajudie b, Mohamed Mars a,*, Progress in Natural Science 18 (2008) 43–49.

[5] SaadaMariem, FallehHanen, JalleliInès, SnoussiMejdi, KsouriRiadh, Phenolic profile, biological activities and fraction analysis of the medicinal halophyte Retama raetam, South African Journal of Botany, Volume 94, September2014, Pages 114-121...

Abstract: The present study deals with the heterocyclization of Schiff bases of 4-(benzylideneamino)-N-(4-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-6-(6-methylnaphthalen-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide] into (2H)-Pyrrole-2-ones derivatives. Synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis. The reaction was performed by using ordinary condensation type, which enabled to easy work-up and good yield. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities.

Keywords: Pyrrole derivatives, Cyclization method, Structural characterization, antimicrobialactivity.

[1] LWang, H. L. Price, J. Juusola, M. Kline, and O.I. Phanstiel, I. V,Influence of Polyamine Architecture on the Transport
andTopoisomeraseII Inhibitory Properties of Polyamine DNA−Intercalator Conjugates, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44,2001,
3682-3691.
[2] T Tsuchiya, Y. Takagi, and H. Yamada,Preparation of 5-(2, 6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-α-l-talopyranosyloxy)-6-hydroxynaphtho [2, 3-
f]quinoline-7, 12-dione (FT-Alz), a new-type, potentially antitumorsubstance with various biological activities, Medicinal
Chemistry Letter,10,2000, 203-207.
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Anti-CancerAgents, 1, 2001, 237-255.
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1,2001 293-300.

Abstract: Cordia macleodii Hook (boraginaceae), a folklore medicinal plant, commonly known as "Shikari" in local language and found in Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. In this study, phenolic & flavonoid compounds isolated & characterized form the ethanolic extract of Cordia macleodii Hook (Boraginaceae). Present research, material isolation is disclosed from bark & leaves of Cordia macleodii hook & characterisation of intended compounds have been done.
Keywords: Phenolic flavonoids, phytochemical screening, Cordia macleodii

[1]. Bhargav Bhide, A. P. G. Pillai,V. J. Shukla, R. N. Acharya, Pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf of Cordia macleodii Hook.: An
ethnomedicinally important plant, Ayu, 2011, Volume: 32, Issue: 2, Pages: 254-257.
[2]. Dr. Om Narayan Chaubey, Dr. Ravi Upadhyay, Niraj Kumar Tripathi, Amulya Ranjan, "Phytochemicals analysis, Phenolic &
flavonoids content of Cordia macleodii Hook leaves & Bark." International Journal of Phytomedicine, 7(2015) 231-234.
[3]. Dr.Om Narayan Chaubey, Dr. Ravi Upadhyay, Niraj Kumar Tripathi, Amulya Ranjan, "Comparative Antimicrobial Study of Cordia
macleodii Hook" IOSR Journal of Pharmacy & Biological Science (IOSR-JPBS), 2319-7676.Volume 10, Issue 3 Ver .I. (May-June
2015), PP 01-03.
[4]. Khandelwal, K.R. (2005). Ed. Practical Pharmacognosy Technique and Experiments, 23rd Edn: 15, 29, 149, 56.

Abstract: The oxidation stability of local base stock, delivered from Co-operative Petroleum Company. In the presence of two prepared Azo-compounds, namely 2-sec-butyl-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)-diazenyl] phenol (I) and 2-sec-butyl-4-[(4-nitrophenyl)-diazenyl] phenol (II) was studied. The structures of the prepared two compounds were carefully investigated via Elemental analysis, I.R., 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and electron ionization mass spectroscopy (EI-MS). The oxidation reaction was tested using the change in Total Acid Number (TAN), Viscosity, and Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy............
Keywords: Azo-phenol, Base Stocks, Oxidation stability, Total Acid Number and Quantum chemical calculations.

[1] BBhushan, Principles and Applications of Tribology (Wiley, New York, 1999).
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[4] Frederique Haus, Olivier Boissel, Guy-Alain Junter,Chemosphere 50 (2003) 939–948.
[5] Allison, J.P.(Ed). "Criteria for quality of petroleum products", Applied Science: Barking,1973, Chapter 10.

Abstract: Self-metathesis of fatty acids is an attractive modern method to synthesize platform chemicals useful for a wide variety of industrial applications. Degraded moringa seeds rich in mono unsaturation (75%), which are no longer useful for edible purpose have been utilized for the development of platform chemicals employing self-metathesis using Grubbs' second generation catalyst. Seeds were soxhlet extracted and the fatty acid methyl esters were subjected to self-metathesis using Grubbs............
Keywords: Moringa fatty acid methyl esters, Grubbs' catalyst, platform chemicals, 9-octadecene.

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Abstract: Determination of the nutritive values of ZiziphusMucronata was carried out. This is a fruit that enjoy wide acceptability among the inhabitants and hence the need to determine to what extent the fruit can contribute to their nutrition. Proximate analysis of the seeds revealed that protein has the highest value of 35.10± 0.58. Crude fat (lipids) had the value 27.61± 0.63; crude fat, 11.04± 0.88; moisture content was 4.10± 0.32. Ash had the least value of 2.85± 0.23.
Keywords: Determination, ZiziphusMucronata, Proximate, Analysis, Value

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Abstract: Isolation and application of the lemongrass essential oil Cymbopogon Nardus L. as at growth inhibitor of lichens on stone cultural heritage has been done. The lemongrass essential oil Cymbopogon nardus L was resulted using water distillations. The lemongrass essential oil Cymbopogon Nardus L used in this research was analyzing the physic characteristic, i.e. density, refractive index, and heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, and Cr using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the chemical component using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy...........
Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus L, lichens, stone, cultural, heritage

[1] P.E. Burford, M. Kierans, and M.G. Gadd, Geomycology: fungi in mineral substrata, Mycologyst, (17), 2003, 98-107.
[2] L. Chen, H.P. Blume, and L., Beyer, Weathering of rock induced by lichen colonization-a review, Catena, 39(2), 2000, 121-146.
[3] T. Matsui, E. Kawasaki, and Y. Atomi, Studies on the vibration by tourists and epiphytes on stone at the Borobudur (Conservation Science Laboratory, University of Tsukuba. Japan, 2013).
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Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of a methanol extract of Mitracarpus verticillatus was evaluated against some bacteria and dermatophytes. The Mitracarpus verticillatus methanol extract possesses both antibacterial and antifungal activities. This extract was subsequently fractioned and the three different fractions were screened for antibacterial activity and secondary metabolites. Methanol extract residue displayed a higher degree of antibacterial activity, than the other two fractions (dichloromethane soluble fraction and ethyl acetate soluble fraction). The fractions were all positive for alkaloids............
Keywords: Antibacterial Activity, Antifungal, Mitracarpus verticillatus, Mitracarpus verticillatum, Flavonol

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Abstract: Existences of hydrocarbons are in various phases such as vapour, liquid and solid. Phase behaviour focuses on the state of equilibrium. This research develops the different phase envelope of precipitation of heavy organics using single and binary mixture of the various ratios. The phase envelopes for the single and binary mixtures of various ratios (0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1) were developed using ASPEN HYSIS 8.4 software which gives the qualitative results of the various precipitation processes...........
Keywords: Crude oil, distillation process, n-alkane solvents, binary mixture, carbon number range.

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