iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2016

Abstract: Colonic barotrauma is usually caused by elevated intra-luminal pressure. Air insufflation during colonoscopy procedure is the most common cause of iatrogenic colon barotraumas .Only few cases of multiple perforations of colon caused by non-iatrogenic barotrauma are reported in literature. Transverse colon perforation following such barotraumas is very rare phenomenon.

[1]. Thomson SR, Fraser M, Stupp C, Baker LW. Iatrogenic and accidental colon injuries-what to do? Dis Colon Rectum 1994; 37:496-502 |
[2]. Zunzunegui RG, Werner AM, Gamblin TC, Stephens JL, Ashley DW. Colorectal blowout from compressed air: case report. J Trauma. 2002;52(4):793-795.
[3]. Roswell K. Brown, M.D.,J. H. Dwinelle, M.D., | Rupture of the colon by compressed air, report of three cases, Annals of surgery | January, 1942, Volume 115 Number 1,13-20 | |
[4]. Stone GW. Rupture of the bowel caused by compressed air. Lancet. 1904;2:216.
[5]. Petren, G.: Ein\ Fall von traumatischer Oesophagusruptur, nebst Bemerkungen uber | die Entstehung der Oesophagusrupturen. Beitr. z. klin. Chir., 6i, 265, 1908
[6]. Andrews, E. W.: Pneumatic Rupture of the Intestine-a New Type of Industrial Accident. | Surg., Gynec., and Obstet., 12, 63, I911

Abstract: Is it anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder? This is the question not easily answered even by an expert on the subject .Not only do their diagnostic features overlap, but also anxiety disorders (Panic Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Phobias), may be comorbid with any of the rest of the two, as can depression (mild, moderate, severe) be co-morbid with anxiety disorders, like say Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. The similarities and differences between these two conditions, as well as many of the important features of the comorbidity of these disorders, are well understood. Given the substantial overlap between symptoms of BPD and other psychiatric conditions, an accurate cross-sectional assessment is inherently difficult to achieve.

[1]. Kessler R. Comorbidity of unipolar and bipolar depression with other psychiatric disorders in a general population survey. In: Tohen M, ed. Comorbidity in Affective Disorders. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc;1999:1-25. McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Suppes T, et al. Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:420-426. [2]. Sagman D, Tohen M. Comorbidity in Bipolar Disorder. March 23, 2009.Psychiatric Times. [3]. Wittchen HU, Kessler RC, Pfister H, Lieb M. Why do people with anxiety disorders become depressed? A prospective-longitudinal community study. Acta Psychiar Scand Suppl 2000;(406) 14-23. [4]. Middeldrop CM,Cath DC, Van Dyck R,Boomsma DI. The comorbidity of anxiety and depression in the perspective of genetic epidemiology. A review of twin and family studies. Psychol Med 2005;35;611-624.

Abstract: Wickodontics- also known as PERIODONTALLY ACCELERATED OSTEOGENIC ORTHODONTICS is a relatively new treatment in the orthodontic realm. It was introduced by Wilckobrothers. Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics is a clinical procedure combining selective alveolar decortications particular bone grafting and application of orthodontic forces. This procedure is therotically based on the bone healing pattern known as the REGIONAL ACCELERATORY PHENOMENON (RAP). PAOO is a technique which brings about easy tooth movement in a short period of time. The purpose of this article is to describe the history, biology, clinical surgical procedure, indication, contraindication and possible complications of the PAOO procedure.

[1]. T.G. Rappaport, M.H. Shalis and E. Gazit. Psychosocial reward of orthodontic treatment in adult patients. European Journal of Orthodontics,2010, 32(4), 441–446
[2]. Ong MM, Wang HL. Periodontic and orthodontic treatment in adults. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 2002;122:420-8.
[3]. Mathews DP, Kokich VG. Managing treatment for the orthodontic patient with periodontal problems. SeminOrthod 1997;3:21-38
[4]. G. Amit, J.P.S. Kalra, B. Pankaj, S. Suchinder and B. Parul. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO)- a review. J Clin Exp Dent, 4(5), 2012, 292-296.
[5]. Wilcko MT, Wilcko WM, Pulver JP, Bissada NF, Bouguot JE: Accelerated osteogenic orthodontics technique: a 1-stage surgically facilitated rapid orthodontic technique with alveolar augmentation. J OralMaxillofac Surg 2009,67:2149-2159.
[6]. Cano J, Campo J, Bonilla E, Colmenero C. Corticotomy-assisted orthodontics. J Clin Exp Dent. 2012;4(1):e54-59.
[7]. Köle H. Surgical operations on the alveolar ridge to correct occlusal abnormalities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1959;12:515–29.

Abstract: systematically review the rate of maternal outcomes in pregnant women undergoing vaginal birth after a cesarean section (VBAC) compared to elective repeat cesarean section (ERCS). Methods: Articles were pooled using Pub Med, Medline and Retrospective cohort study analysis from (2000 Jan - 2015 Feb) Inclusion criteria: women with a history of prior cesarean, single ton pregnancies, Uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, mode of delivery and blood transfusion, maternal morbidity, hysterectomy has been considered. Pooled odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval (OR, 95 % CI) were calculated.

1]. Guise JM, Mcdonagh MS, Osterweil P, Et Al. Systematic Review Of The Incidence And Consequences Of Uterine Rupture In Women With Previous Caesarean Section. BMJ 2004;329:19–25.
[2]. Landon MB, Hauth JC, Leveno KJ, Et Al. Maternal And Perinatal Outcomes Associated With A Trial Of Labor After Prior Cesarean Delivery. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2581–9.
[3]. Odibo AO, Macones GA. Current Concepts Regarding Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2003;15:479–82.
[4]. Crowther CA, Dodd JM, Hiller JE, Et Al, On Behalf Of The Birth After Caesarean Study Group. Planned Vaginal Birth Or Elective Repeat Caesarean: Patient Preference Restricted Cohort With Nested Randomised Trial. Plos Med 2012;9:E1001192.
[5]. Rossi AC, D'Addario V. Maternal Morbidity Following A Trial Of Labor After Cesarean Section Vs Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review With Meta Analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;199:224–31.
[6]. Fitzpatrick KE, Kurinczuk JJ, Alfirevic Z, Et Al. Uterine Rupture By Intended Mode Of Delivery In The UK: A National Case-Control Study. Plos Med 2012;9:E1001184.

Abstract: Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis suggests that although Hepatitis B and C are still common in developing countries, alcohol related cirrhosis is increasing. Rising trends in alcohol consumption in North East India, makes it essential to analyse the influence of these changes in the epidemiology of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, we aimed to study one thousand patients of cirrhosis of liver in North East India with reference to its demography, aetiology, clinical presentation, complications, prognostic features and short term mortality.

1]. Anthony PP, Ishak KG, Nayak NC, Poulsen HE, Scheuer PJ, Sobin LH. The morphology of cirrhosis. Recommendations on definition, nomenclature, and classification by a working group sponsored by the World Health Organization. Clin- Pathol 1978;31:395-414
[2]. Bellentani S, Tiribelli C. The spectrum of liver disease in the general population: lesson from the Dionysos study. J Hepatol 2001;35:531-7
[3]. Aiden P, Mc Cormick. Hepatic Cirrhosis. In, Sherlock‟s Diseases of the Liver and Biliary system, 12 th edition. Wiley Blackwell pp103
[4]. A. Kim WR, Gross JB Jr. Poterucha JJ et al. Outcome of hospital care of liver disease associated with Hepatitis C in the US. Hepatology 2001;33:201-6
[5]. Sherlock S, Dooley J. Hepatocellular failure.In Disease of liver and biliary system. (10th edition). Oxford: Blackwell Science 1997: 81-5.

Abstract: Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) have surfaced as important pathogens, preying primarily on patients with some sort of prosthetic or indwelling device. They are currently the most frequent agents of nosocomial bacteraemia. Recovery of these organisms from specimens should always be correlatedwith the clinical condition of the patient before their role in an infectious process can be established.With the increasing number of Staphylococcus species being recognised in human infections and the finding of resistance to multipleantimicrobial agents, it is imperative that the clinical microbiologist be familiar with current methods for characterising these organisms.

[1]. Sewell CM, Clarridge JE, Young EJ, Outhrie RK. Clinical significance of Coagulage – negativeStaphylococci. J ClinMicrobiol 1982; 16(2):236-239
[2]. Vijayalakshmi N, Mohapatra LN, Bhujwala RA. Biological characters and antimicrobial sensitivity of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from human source. Indian J Med Res 1980;72:16-22
[3]. Koneman EW, Allen SD, JandaWM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WC. Colour Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott: 1997.
[4]. Silvia Natoli, Carla Fontana et al. Characterisation of Coagulase negative Staphylicoccal isolates from blood with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides and therapeutic options. J antimicrobechemother 1992; 29:459-4666.
[5]. Humphreys H. Medial Microbiology. A guide to microbial infections, pathgenesis, immunity, laboratory diagnosis and control. 15th ed. Edinburgh: ELST with Churchill Livingstone;1997.
[6]. Seetha KS, Santosh PK, Shivananda PG. Study of coagulase negative Staphylococciisolated from blood and CSF. Indian J PatholMicrobiol 2000;43(1):41-45

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetic foot is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. In India,the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers was estimated to be 3.6%.Topical treatment is an important aspect of diabetic foot ulcers although secondary to surgical and systemic care. this study is about the outcome of using polyurethane foam dressings in topical management of diabetic foot ulcers. ObjectivesTo evaluate the outcome of using polyurethane foam dressing in topicalmanagement of diabetic foot ulcers secondary to systemic therapy.

[1]. Nather A, Chionh SB, Han AY, Chan PP, Nambiar A. Effectiveness of V.A.C.uum-assisted closure (V.A.C.) therapy in the healing
of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2010; 39: 353_8.
[2]. Eginton MT, Brown KR, Seabrook GR, Towne JB, Cambria RA. A prospective randomized evaluation of negative-pressure wound
dressings for diabetic foot wounds. Ann Vasc Surg 2003; 17: 645_9.
[3]. Pendsey SP.Epidemiology aspects of diabetic foot. Int J Diabetes Dev Countries 1994; 14: 37.
[4]. Vijay V. Snehalatha C, Ramachandran A. Socio cultural practices that may affect the development of the diabetes foot.
[5]. Peter H. Bennet and William C. Knowler; Joslin's Diabetes mellitus. 14th edition chapter 19; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia 2005; P331.
[6]. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A: Global prevalence of diabetes. Estimates for the year 2000 and Projections for 2030. Diabetes Care
2004; 27: 1047..

Abstract: The most common cause of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease throughout the world is HIV-1 virus.HIV infection is predominantly transmitted sexually; can also be transmitted through infected blood and body fluids, and vertically from mother to child.CD4 cells are the main target of HIV and progressive destruction of these cells is characteristic of all stages of HIV infection. Skin is the largest organ of the body and mucocutaneous manifestations are among the earliest signs of HIV in the body. They are often viewed as markers for the disease's progression. Materials and Methods: The present study dealt with 250 HIV seropositive patients attending the outpatient department of Dermatology,Venereology and Leprosy (DVL), Guntur Medical College, Guntur General Hospital, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Study design: it was a prospective study and was undertaken from January 2013 to June 2014.

[1]. IADVL Textbook of Dermatology,third edition,volume2.2008;p 1951-1967
[2]. Jing W, Ismail R. Mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV infection .Int J Dermatol 1999;38:457-63
[3]. Zancanaro PCQ ,Mc Girt LY, Mamelak AJ ,Nguyen RHN, Martins CR.Cutaneous manifestations of HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy; an institutional urban clinic experience.J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54;581-8
[4]. Sen S ,MandalS, Bhattacharya S, Halder S, Bhaumik P.Oral manifestationns in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients .Indian J Dermatol 2010;55;116-8
[5]. Jindal N, Agarwal A, Kaur S. HIV seroprevalence and HIV associated dermatoses among patients presenting with skin and mucocutaneous disorders. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2009;75:283-6.
[6]. Kumaraswamy N, Solomon S, Madivanan P, Ravikumar B,Thyagarajan SP, Yesudian P. Dermatologic manifestation among human immunodeficiency virus patients in South India. Int J Dermatol 2000;39:192-5

Abstract: Total Hip Replacement is a method of prosthetic reconstruction of the acetabulum and proximal femur following hip joint destruction. Prosthetic fractures have been reported after primary surgery ; with majority of them at the prosthetic stem. Few had fracturethrough neckof prosthetic stem. Here, we report a rare case of fracture neck of prosthetic stem within 10 year of implantation in a patient with high Body Mass Index (BMI) and stressful daily activities.

Keyword : Total Hip Replacement, Prosthetic Fracture, Fatigue Fracture.

[1]. Charnley J: Fracture of femoral prostheses in total hip replacement. A clinical study. Clin Orthop 1975: 105-120.
[2]. Woolson ST, Mibauer JP, Bobyn JD, Yue S, Maloney WJ: Fatigue fracture of a forged cobalt-chromium molybdenum femoral component inserted with cement. A report of ten cases. J Bone Joint Surg 1997, 79-A, 12:1842-1848.
[3]. Heisel C, Silva M, Schmalzried TP: Bearing surface options for total hip replacement in young patients.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003, 85 (7): 1366 -1379.
[4]. Galante JO: Causes of fractures of the femoral component in total hip replacement. J Bone and Joint Surgery A 1980, 62(4):670–673.
[5]. Lee EW, Kim HT: Early fatigue failures of cemented, forged, cobalt-chromium femoral stems at the neck-shoulder junction. Journal of Arthroplasty 2001, 16(2):236–238.
[6]. Rand JA, Chao EY: Femoral implant neck fracture following total hip arthroplasty: A report of three cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1987, 221:255-259.

Abstract: Presence of psychological morbidity in medical undergraduate students has been reported from various countries across the world (1). Among all psychological problems, Stress is one of the common problems faced by medical students. Stress is a situation that leads to tension, pressure or negative emotions such as anxiety, depression and anger (2). Young adulthood is characterised as an identity forming period in which individuals experience social and physical changes as well as various conflicts in emotional, behavioural, sexual, economic and academic areas(3). Medical school is recognized as a stressful environment that often exerts a negative effect on the academic performance physical health and psychological well being of the students (4). Medical students are expected to learn and master a huge amount of knowledge and skills (4).

[1]. Iqbal Shawaz,Gupta Sandhya,Venkatarao.E , Stress anxiety and depression among medical undergraduate students and their socio-demographic correlates, IJMR141, March2015, pp354.
[2]. Sharif Sadik,A.Eman,Kamil-Al,Attiya Mansour, Stress and coping strategies among medical students in Basrah,Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Basrah,Iraq, 2007 ,vol 25, ,28-32.
[3]. Alvi tabassum, Assad Fatima, Ramzan Mussarat ,Khan Aslam Faiza, Depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students, Journal of the college of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan 2010, vol.20 (2):122.
[4]. MS Sherina,L Rampal,N Kaneson, Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students, department of community health ,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia,Selangor, June 2004,Vol 59 No 2 , 207-211
[5]. Abdallah R Ayat,Gabr.M Hala, Depression, anxiety and stress among first year medical students in an Egyptian Public University, International research journal of Medicine and Medical sciences feb2014 ,vol.2(1),11-19,.

Abstract: Bicondylar tibia plateau fractures are difficult to manage due to complexities of comminuation of articular surfaces, extensive soft tissue injuries, infection and risk of compartment syndrome associated with it. Various modalities including cast, traction or open reduction and internal fixation using single to dual plate fixation technique are now days used. We report our results of single lateral locked plate in management of these complex Schatzker V and VI tibial plateau fracture using minimally invasive technique.

1. Watson J T. High Energy fractures of tibial plateau. Orthop clin – North Am 1994;723-52.
2. Musahl V, Tarkin I, Kobbe P, Tzioupis PC, Siska A, Pape H. New trends and techniques in open reduction and internal fixation of fractures of the tibial plateau. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2009;91-B:426-33.
3. Schutz M, Kaab MJ, Haas N. Stabilization of proximal tibial fractures with the LIS system: Early clinical experience in Berlin. Injury. 2003;34 Suppl 1:A30-35.
4. Smith WR, Ziran BH, Anglen JO, Stahe PF Locking Plates: Tips and Tricks. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:2298-307.
5. Rasmussen P. Tibial condylar fracture: impairment of knee joint stability as an indication for surgical treatment. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1973;55-A:1331-50.
6. Salter RB, Simmonds DF, Malcolm BW, Rumble EJ, MacMichael D, Clements ND. The biologic effect of continuous passive motion of the healing of full thickness defects in articular cartilage. An experimental investigation in the rabbit. J Bone Joint Surg 1980;62: 1232-51.

Abstract: The ovaries, are the site of oogenesis, play important role in ova production, by the process of ovulation, in a cyclical manner. Ovaries are important site for many malignancies in female and most common tumor of ovaries are Surface epithelial tumors, comprising about 60% of all ovarian tumors. Primary Fibrosarcoma of ovaries is a very rare type of Sex cord–stromal tumors and it pose diagnostic difficulties because of similar features of other tumor. We report a case of fibrosarcoma of ovary in a 40 year old female who presented with complaints of lump abdomen, pain, and per vaginal bleeding. She underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-opherectomy. Histopathological examination of tumor confirmed the diagnosis of fibrosarcoma of ovary.

Keywords – cellular fibroma, fibrosarcoma, fibroma, ovary,

[1]. Charles J. Zaloudek, Karuna Garg. Chapter 13, Tumors of the Female Genital Tract. In Diagnostic Histopathology Of Tumors,
Christopher D.M. Fletcher. 4th edi. Elsevier Limited, Philadelphia; 2013 .pp.658-730
[2]. Prat J, Scully R E 1981 Cellular fibromas and fibrosarcomas of the ovary: a comparative clinicopathologic analysis of seventeen
cases. Cancer 47: 2663-2670
[3]. Irving J A, Alkushi A, Young R H et al. 2006 Cellular fibromas of the ovary: a study of 75 cases including 40 mitotically act ive
tumors emphasizing their distinction from fibrosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 30: 929-938
[4]. Lurie S. Meigs' syndrome: the history of the eponym. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 92: 2000 , pp:199-204
[5]. Kimonis V E, Goldstein A M, Pastakia B et al. 1997 Clinical manifestations in 105 persons with nevoid basal cell carcinoma
syndrome. Am J Med Genet 69: 299-308
[6]. Ball A, Wenning J, Van Eyk N 2011 Ovarian fibromas in pediatric patients with basal cell nevus (Gorlin) syndrome. J Pediatr
Adolesc Gynecol 24: e5-e7

Abstract: Radio-ulnar Synostosis is a rare condition in which there is an abnormal connection (Synostosis) of the radius and ulna (bones in the forearm) at birth. The condition is present in both arms (bilateral) in approximately 60% of cases. Earlier we saw during routine dissection of elbow joint and superior radio ulnar joint bony fusion of upper end of ulna with radius. Now in our hospital we came across a similar case of Radio-ulnar synostosis limiting the movements in both the forearms for the patient. First osteotomy of radius and ulna was done on the left side and the forearm was kept in the mid prone position and POP was put. At the next sitting the same procedure will be repeated on the right side. Fixing the forearms in pronation will help the patient to carry out essential functions.

Key words: Synostosis, Osteotomy, Pronation

[1]. Almon R. Cross, M.D Congenital bilateral radio-ulnar synostosis Am J Dis Child. 1939; 58(6):1259-1260.
doi:10.1001/archpedi.1939.01990110123009.
[2]. Bolano LE. Congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis: Treatment with the Ilizarov method. Journal of Hand Surgery -American
Volume 1994; 19(6): 977-8.
[3]. Cleary JE, Omer GE, Jr. Congenital proximal radio-ulnar synostosis. Natural history and functional assessment. Journal of Bone &
Joint Surgery -American Volume 1985; 67 (4): 539-45.
[4]. Green WT, Mital MA. Congenital radio-ulnar synostosis: Surgical treatment. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - American Volume
1979; 61(5): 738-43.

Abstract: Background and purpose: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by headache, seizures, visual disturbances and altered mental status associated with typical neuroimaging findings of reversible vasogenic brain edema. The objectives of this study were to review the clinical and radiological findings of patients diagnosed with PRES. Materials and methods: 31 patients with clinical and neuroimaging findings consistent with PRES were included in this retrospective study. Data on clinical presentation, peak blood pressures, risk factors precipitating PRES, location and severity of lesions on brain imaging, associated ischemia or hemorrhage were collected and analyzed.

[1]. Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, Breen J, Pao L, Wang A, et al. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Eng J Med. 1996;334:494-500.
[2]. Lee VH, Wijdicks EFM, Manno EM, Rabinstein AA. Clinical spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2008;5:205-10.
[3]. Tungkasaereerak C, Phanthumchinda K. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: a retrospective study in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91:427-32.
[4]. Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1:fundamental imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1036-42.
[5]. Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1043-49.

Abstract: Purpose:To assess the role of MRI in evaluation of the post-operative knee joint and assessment of the post complications after ACL, meniscal and cartilage surgical repair procedures Patients and methods:A prospective study recruited 50 patients, their ages ranged between 18 and 45 years after repair of ACL , menisci and cartilage. All patients were referred from the orthopedic department between January 2014 and June 2015 with symptoms and signs suspicious of complications. The patients were divided into three groups , group I after ACL repair included 26 patients , group II after meniscal repair and included 16 patients , group III after cartilage repair and included 8 patients. MRI knee was performed for all patients after meeting inclusion criteria.

[1]. Recht MP and Kramer J. MR imaging of the postoperative knee: a pictorial essay. Radiographics. 2002; 22:765-74.

[2]. Trattnig S, R and T, Czerny C, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Postoperative Knee. 2001, Top Magnetic Resonance Imaging, pp. 10:221-236.

[3]. White LM , Kramer J, et al.MR Imaging Evaluation of the Postoperative Knee: Ligaments, Menisci & Articular Cartilage. 2005, Skeletal Radiology, pp. 34:431-452.

[4]. Crema MD, Roemer FW, Marra MD, et al. Articular cartilage in the knee: current MR imaging techniques and applications in clinical practice and research. Radiographics. 2011;31(1):37–61

. [5]. Meyers AB, et al. Imaging of anterior cruciate ligament repair and its complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010; 194:476-84.

[6]. Lim PS, Schweitzer ME, Bhatia M, et al.Repeat tear of postoperativemeniscus: potential MR imaging signs. Radiology 1999;210:183–8.

[7]. Vives MJ, Homesley D, Ciccotti MG, Schweitzer ME.Evaluationof recurring meniscal tears with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonanceimaging. Am J Sports Med 2003;31:868–73..

Abstract: Gastric ulcers are erupted when there is an disproportion between the digestive juices generated by the stomach and the diverse factors that defend the mucosal lining of the stomach. Acute gastric problem reduces quickly but Chronic gastric problems lead to ulcers. Nine out of ten Peptic ulcer disease(PUD) or peptic ulcer or stomach ulcer (Gastric and duodenal ulcers) are sore on the inner lining of stomach or deodenum and caused by an infection from the bacterium H. pylori and they are liable to reappear if left untreated. An ulcer in the stomach is called as a gastric ulcer, an ulcer in the duodenum is known as a duodenal ulcer, and a peptic ulcer of the esophagus is an esophageal ulcer. Peptic ulcer disease is suspect in patients with epigastic distress and pain..

[1]. Chey WD, Wong BC, American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection, Am J Gastroenterol, 102 (8), 2007, 1808-25.
[2]. Lai KC, Lam SK, Chu KM, Hui WM, Kwok KF, Wong BC, et al, Lansoprazole reduces ulcer relapse after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users a randomized trial, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 18(8), 2003, 829-36.
[3]. Koivisto TT, Voutilainen ME, Färkkilä MA, Effect of smoking on gastric histology in Helicobacter pylori-positive gastritis, Scand J Gastroenterol, 43(10),2008,1177-83.
[4]. Sari YS, Can D, Tunali V, Sahin O, Koc O, Bender O, H pylori: Treatment for the patient only or the whole family, World J Gastroenterol, 14(8), 2008, 1244-7. [5]. Chey WD, Wong BC, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection, Am J Gastroenterol, 102(8), 2007, 1808-1825.
[6]. Najm, WI, Peptic ulcer disease, Primary care, 38(3), 2011, 383–94.

Abstract: Introduction: Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) is the most common and complex endocrinal disorder of females in their early child bearing age group. It may complicated to Infertility. Methodology: Trans Abdominal Ultrasonography was carried out over 157 women in a rural medical college of West Bengal and 51 females were diagnosed of PCOD using Rotterdam's criteria.

[1]. Abbott D H, Dumesic D A, Franks S. REVIEW Developmental origin of polycystic ovary syndrome – a hypothesis. Journal of Endocrinology. 2002; 174: 1–5.
[2]. "USMLE-Rx". MedIQ Learning, LLC. 2014. Stein-Leventhal syndrome, also known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a disorder characterized by hirsutism, obesity, and amenorrhea because of luteinizing hormone-resistant cystic ovaries."
[3]. "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Condition Information". http://www.nichd.nih.gov/. 2013-05-23. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
[4]. Norman R J, Wu R and Stankiewicz M T. Polycystic ovary syndrome. MJA 2004; 180: 132-137
[5]. Franks S, Gharani N, Waterworth D, Batty S, White D, Williamson R & McCarthy M. The genetic basis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction 1997; 12: 2641–2648.

Abstract: Ewing sarcoma is a small round blue cell tumour with regular sized primitive appearing cells. It is closely related to the soft tissue tumours pPNET, Askin tumour and neuroepithelioma, which collectively are referred to as Ewing sarcoma family of tumours (ESFT) . They share not only microscopic appearances but also demonstrate a non-random t(11;22)(q24;q12) chromosome rearrangement.

[1]. Hoffer,FA. "Primary skeletal neoplasms:osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma."
[2]. Kennedy ,JG :"Ewing Sarcoma:Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment".
[3]. Khoury,JD "Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors".
[4]. Strauss,Ludwig G; "Ewing Sarcoma"
[5]. Huvos AG. Ewing's sarcoma. In: Huvos AG, ed. Bone tumors: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, 2nd ed. Philadelphia PA: Sanders, 1991:523–52.

Abstract: Colobomatous cyst of the orbit is a rare congenital cystic malformation associated with ocular maldevelopment. Usually, the cyst is associated with a microphthalmic globe. We, herein present a one day old neonate in which parents complained of a bluish mass underlying lower eyelidof both the eyes for which it was evaluated clinically ,radilogically and followed up for one year. Cyst aspiration and excision was done later, once cyst growth was stabilised .Histopathology proved to bebilateral large colobomatous cyst associated with bilateral microphthalmos

Key Words: Colobomatous cyst; congenital, microphthalmos, histopathology ,aspiration

[1]. Shields JA, Shields CL. Orbital cysts of childhood-ClassiÞcation, clinical features and management. SurvOphthalmol 2004;49:281-99.
[2]. Waring GO 3rd, Roth AM, Rodrigues MM. Clinicopathological correlation of microphthalmos with cyst. Am J Ophthalmol 1976;82:714-21.
[3]. Foxman S, Cameron JD. The clinical implications of bilateralmicrophthalmos with cyst. Am J Ophthalmol 1984;97:632-8.
[4]. Makley TA Jr, Battles M. Microphthalmos with cyst. Report of two cases in the same family.SuvOphthalmol 1969; 13:200-6.
[5]. Weiss A, Martinez C, Greenwald M. Microphthalmos with cyst: Clinical presentations and computed tomographic findings. J PediatrOphthalmol Strabismus 1985;22:6-12.

Abstract: The significant morbidity of electrical burn injuries is well described in the medical literature, especially in the form of major limb amputations. Reported mortality rates are generally described as low, especially in the more recent analyses Patients presenting factors, mortality characteristics and morbidity factors (length of stay in hospital and in ICU, procedures performed, organ support factors). These were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet and statistical analysis was done. Aims: The study aims was to determine the epidemiology, the morbidity and the mortality of electrical burns in a local South African setting.

[1]. DiVincenti FC, Captain MC, Moncrief JA, Pruitt BA Jr. Electrical injuries: a review of 65 cases. J Trauma 1969; 9:497-507.
[2]. Tredget EE, Shankowsky HA, Tilley WA. Electrical injuries in Canadian burn care: identification of unsolved problems. Ann N Y AcadSci 1999; 888:75-87.
[3]. Noble J, Gomez M, Fish JS. Quality of life and return to work following electrical burns. Burns 2006; 32:159-64.
[4]. Rai J, Jeschke MG, Barrow RE, Herndon DN. Electrical injuries: A 30-Year Review. J Trauma 1999; 46(5):933-6.
[5]. Haberal M. Electrical burns – A five year experience. J Trauma 1986; 26:103-9.
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Abstract: Uranium in drinking water and food is known to cause many medical problems. Several studies have been conducted to enquire about the health of people around limestone, coal etc mining areas. But little has been known about the people around uranium mines. Hence this study was done to evaluate the enamel defects present among the children residing near uranium mines in the Gogi Village of Yadgir district in Karnataka.

[1] Toor R, Brar G. Uranium: A Dentist's perspective. J IntSoc Prevent Communit Dent. 2012;2(1):1.
[2] Ayoob S, Gupta A. Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review on the Status and Stress Effects. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2006;36(6):433-487.
[3] Denbesten P, Thariani H. Biological Mechanisms of Fluorosis and Level and Timing of Systemic Exposure to Fluoride with Respect to Fluorosis. Journal of Dental Research. 1992;71(5):1238-1243.
[4] Bhagavatula P, Levy S, Broffitt B, Weber-Gasparoni K, Warren J. Timing of fluoride intake and dental fluorosis on late-erupting permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2015
[5] Marya C. A textbook of public health dentistry. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2011.

Abstract: Fixed functional appliance are used for the correction of skeletal class II discrepancy in residual growth period. Fixed functional appliances have unfavourable effect of flaring of the mandibular anterior, which limits the skeletal effects of the fixed functional appliance and additionally it requires alignment of both arches which increases treatment time. to overcome such effects mini implant supported mandibular protraction appliance IV was inserted in a patient which improved skeletal base relation without flaring of anterior teeth and reduced treatment time as mandibular dentition was treated separately without the hindrance of fixed functional appliance. Mandibular protraction appliance IV is easier to construct and insert, comfortable and economical to the patient.

[1] O'Brien K, Wright J, Conboy F, et al. Effectiveness of treatment for Class II malocclusion with the Herbst or Twinblock appliances: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 2003;124:128–137.
[2] Ruf S, Pancherz H. Herbst/multibracket appliance treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusions in early and late adulthood. A prospective cephalometric study of consecutively treated subjects. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:352–360
[3] Pangrazio-Kulbersh V, Berger JL, Chermak DS, Kaczynski R, Simon ES, Haerian A. Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 2003;123:286–295
[4] Karacay S, Akın E, Olmez H, Gurton AU, Sagdıc D. ForsusNitinol Flat Spring and Jasper Jumper corrections of Class II division1 malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:666–672.

Abstract: Introduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is underdiagnosed, undertreated, poorly understood, and much more common than previously thought. Various modalities of treatment are been conventially tried recent study on phosphodiesterase inhibitors have proven to be effective in improving the clinical symptoms and outcome. Methods: Study was done on the patients who were suspected for PVD. A diagnosis of PAD was confirmed in each patient on the basis of a resting ankle-brachial index (ABI) of ≤0.90. The enrolled patients were randomized in two groups of 50 each (n=100), Group I who were treated by Pentoxyphylline, Group II who were treated by Cilostazole. The findings were compared and correlated with clinical data and patient outcome.

[1]. Hussein AA, Uno K, Wolski K, et al. Peripheral arterial disease and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. J Am CollCardiol. 2011 Mar 8. 57(10):1220-5.
[2]. Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA 2001; 286(11): 1317-1324.
[3]. McDermott MM, Kerwin DR, Liu K, et al. Prevalence and significance of unrecognized lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in general medicine practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2001; 16(6):384-390.

Abstract: To asses the migration of low-lying placenta under routine antenatal ultra sound at 20 weeks of gestation are subjected to transvaginal ultra sound for the diagnosis of placenta previa during third trimester and evaluate the factors affecting placental migration,its management based on placental localization. Methods: in this prospective study all the cases of low-lying placenta (lower margin of placenta within 3cms from the internal os) detected on routein ultra sound at 18-22 weeks of gestation were selected and follow-up on serial transvagial sonography predicting the placental migration during 3rd Trimester for conformation and typing of placenta previa 2 weekly TVS was performed until migration of lower edge to a distance of more than 3cm from internal os- and planning management of placenta previa. The study was included women with prior C-section.

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[3]. Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM, The association of placenta previa with history of caesarean delivery and abortion: a meta analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1071-8.
[4]. Oppenheimer L, Holmes P, Simpson N, Dabrowski A. Diagnosis of low-lying placenta: can migration in the third trimester predict outcome? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;8:100–2.
[5]. Predanic M, Perni SC, Baergen RN, Jean-Pierre C, Chasen ST, Chervenak FA. A sonographic assessment of different patterns of placenta previa "migration" in the third trimester of pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med 2005; 24:773–80.
[6]. Paterson-Brown S, Singh C. Developing a care bundle for the management of suspected placenta accreta. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:21–7

Abstract: Anti-microbial are nowadays widely used, and probably overused, for the prevention of surgical site infections. Surgical site infections are the most frequent nosocomial infections with a global cumulative incidence of 7.7% ranging from 3.4% for clean surgery to 23.7% for dirty surgery2. The use of antibiotics in clean contaminated cases has been a subject of controversy and that if proper surgical techniques and asepsis is maintained, whether we can avoid giving antibiotics or not is debatable. These days the surgeons have become over dependant on antibiotics to avoid surgical site infections and have forgotten that inadvertent use of antibiotics can lead to harmful effects like drug toxicity, increased cost burden and most importantly emergence of multi drug resistant micro-organisms.

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