iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2020

Abstract: Background Over the past few decades, there has been a rise in the rates of caesarean section in both the developing and developed nations. This is a matter of international public health concern as it increases the cesarean section related maternal morbidity. The aim of the present study was to audit the increasing rate of caesarean section. Methods This retrospective study aimed to analyze the rate of LSCS in our institution and was conducted over a period of six months. The total number of patients who delivered in our hospital during the defined study period was recorded......

Keywords Caesarean section, Robson classification system

[1]. WHO Statement on Cesarean Section Rates; WHO/RHR/15.02. Available at http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/ maternal_perinatal_heal th/cs-statement/en/.
[2]. Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Gulmezoglu AM, Souza JP, Taneepanichskul S, Ruyan P, et al. Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health 2007-08. Lancet.2010;375(9713):490-9.
[3]. Marshall NE, Fu R, Guise JM. Impact of multiple cesarean deliveries on maternal morbidity: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(3):262.e1-8.
[4]. Souza JP, Gülmezoglu AM, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Carroli G, Fawole B, et al. Caesarean section without medical indications is associated with an increased risk of adverse short-term maternal outcomes: the 2004–2008 WHO Global Survey on Maternal Perinatal Health. BMC Med. 2010;8(1):71
[5]. FIGO Working Group on Challenges in Care of Mothers and Infants during Labour and Delivery,"Best practise advice on the 10-Group Classification System for caesarean deliveries," Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2016;135(2);232-3..

Abstract: Background:Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology has fast becoming the investigation of choice for preliminary assessment of intra-abdominal lesions. Present study was undertaken to assess the utility of this investigation method in comparison to histopathology and to find out possible flaws behind cytological misdiagnosis. Materials and Methods:Total 447 cases with reportable aspirations from intra-abdominal lesions were cytologically categorized into malignant, benign and non-neoplastic groups. Histopathological samples were available in 309 cases. 94.5% of cases presented with cytohistological correlation and in only 17 cases discrepancies were found.......

Key Word: FNAC, ultrasound guidance, intra-abdominal, diagnostic pitfalls

[1]. Porter B, Karp W, Forsberg L. Percutaneous cytodiagnosis of abdominal masses by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. Acta Radiol Diagn 1981;22:663-8.
[2]. Geier GR, Strecker JR. Aspiration cytology and E2 content in ovarian tumour. Acta Cytol 1981;25:400-5.
[3]. Sidhalingreddy, Sainath K, Andola. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Inta-Abdominal Lesions. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2011;5:551-8.
[4]. Soleman BA, Atif N, Ahmad S, Chughtai N. Analysis of 210 Cases of Radiologically Guided FNAC of Intraabdominal Masses. Proceeding Shaikh Zayed Post Graduate Medical Institute.2004;18:35-44.
[5]. Nautiyal S, Mishra RK, Sharma SP. Routine and ultrasound guided FNAC of intra abdominal lumps - A comparative study. Journal of Cytology 2004;21:129-32.

Abstract: GISTs are the commonest mesenchymal tumors of the GIT. It can arising from the gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, omentum or retroperitoneum. It has either intramural growth or exophyic growth. They characteristically has haemorrhage, necrosis or cyst formation that appears as low attenuation on CT images. On MDCT we can easily differentiate the origin of GIST from origin of other mesenchymal tumors. AIMS OF STUDY: • To study the role of MDCT in diagnosis of GISTs of variable origin. • To differ GISTs of variable origin from other mesenchymal tumour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It's a prospective study of 6 months.....

Key words: Gastro intestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) , MDCT

[1]. Miettinen M,Monihan JM,Sarlomo-Rikala M,et al. Gatrointestinal stromal tumors/smooth muscle tumors(GISTs)primary the omentum and measentery:clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 26 cases.Am J Surg Pathol1999;23:1109-18.
[2]. Miettinen M, Virolainem M, MaaritSarlomo R. Gatrointestinal stromal tumors:value of CD 34 antigen in their identification and separation from true leiomyomas and schwannomas.Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:207-16.
[3]. Sarlomo-Rikala M, Kovatich AJ, Barusevicius A,Miettinen . CD 117 : a sensitive marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors that is more specific than CD 34. Mod Pathol 1998;11:728-34.
[4]. Horwitz BM,Zamora GE,Gallegos MP.Best cases from the AFIP:Gatro intestinal tumors of the small bowel. Radio graphics. 2011;31:429-34.
[5]. Sandrasegaran K,Rajesh A. Gatrointestinal stromal Tumorsclinical,Radiologic, and Pathologic feature.AJR 2005;184:803-11.

Abstract: Introduction : Polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ) is chronic anovulation condition with increased androgen level ( Hyperandogenic anovulation ).It is most common endocrine abnormality seen among young and middle age women. Prevalence in this age group is 5-25 %. The main triad of PCOS is – Hirsutism , obesity and oiligomennorrhea. Ultrasound is mainly used modality for evaluation of PCOS , because it is cost effective , readily available and noninvasive than hormonal assessment. Aims of study : Importance of ultrasound assessment in making diagnosis of PCOS with special reference to ovarian volume & ovarian morphology. Material and Methods: It is a prospective study , took duration of 9 months (April 2019 – December 2019). 50 patients with clinically and biochemically diagnosed PCOS were taken as subject and another same age group 50 females were taken as control......

Key words: Ovarian morphology & Volume , Hyperandrogen , Anovulation , Multiple small follicles with peripheral distribution

[1]. Lakhami K, seifalian M, Atiomo U, Hardiman P. Review article:Polycystic ovaries . Brit J Radiol 2002 ; 75:9E-16E.
[2]. Lam M , Johnson R, Raine J . Three-dimesional ultrasound features of polystic ovary and the effect of different phenotypic expression on these parameters.Hum reprod 2007;22(12):3116-23.
[3]. Lam P , Rainefenning M, Cheung L, Haines C. Three-damensional ultrasound features of PCOS in Chinese women.Ultrasound obstet Gynecol ( 2009 ):34;196-200.published online in wiley Interscience.
[4]. Conway G, Honour J , Jacobs H. Heterogenicity of PCOS : Clinical , endocrine and ultrasound features in 556 patients.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1989;30:459-70.
[5]. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic crieteria and long term health risks related to PCOS. Hum reprod. 2004;19:41-47.

Abstract: Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the role of multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) in diagnosis and preoperative staging of solid renal masses. Material and Methods: Study was conducted in GCS medical college, Ahmedabad and includes 28 patients(15 males and 13 females patients) over a period of 6 months from April 2019 to September 2019. Multiphasic MDCT was done by using 16 slice Siemens CT scanner machine including standard scan protocol include unenhanced, cortico-medullary phase, nephrogenic phase and excretory phase. Result: A total 31 masses were detected in 28 patients, 25 patients had unilateral mass and 3 patients had bilateral renal masses. The different pathologies including RCC (64.5%), Wilms tumor(6.5%) , Lymphoma (12.9) , Angiomyolipoma(9.6%) and TCC (6.5%) were detected. Local spread ,lymphnode metastasis , vascular involvement and....

[1]. Catalano C , Fraioli F, Laghi A , et al.MDCT in pre-operative evaluation of patients with RCC.AJR 2003:140:87-94
[2]. Ng chaan S, Wood Christopher, Silverman paul, et al. RCC: Diagnosis, staging and surveillance. AJR 2008:191:1220-32
[3]. Jinzaki M, tanimoto A, Mukai M, et al.Doubke phase helical CT of small renal parenchymal neoplasm:correlation with pathological findings and tumor angiogenesis.Tomoger 2000:24:835-42
[4]. Ruppert-KohlmayrAJ,Uggowitzer M, Meissnitzer T, Differentiation of renal clear cell carcinoma and renal papillary carcinoma using CT enhancement parameters.AJR 2004:183:1387-91.
[5]. Sheth S, Scatarige J, Horton K,Fishman E. Current

Abstract: Background: The shoulder joint being an unstable ball and socket joint without any fixed axis of rotation, which has a wide range of motion in multiple planes. Rotator cuff disease is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. Hence , needs radiological assessment of the rotator cuff with a diagnostic test such as high resolution ultrasonography or MRI. High resolution ultrasound is used as a screening modality for detecting rotator cuff tear as it is non-invasive, less expensive and non - ionizing modality with good sensitivity Aims : 1. Role of high frequency ultrasound in grading rotator cuff tears. 2. Comparing its efficacy with the conventional MRI.....

Key Word: Ultrasound , MRI , Musculoskeletal , Sports , Medicine , rotator cuff , tears , tendinosis

[1]. Sharlene A. Teefey, William D. Middleton, William T. Payne, Ken Yamaguchi. Detection and measurement of rotator cuff tears with sonography: Analysis of diagnostic errors. AJR. June 2005;184:1768-1773.
[2]. Arun Kinare. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Symposium. Indian J Radiol and Imaging 2007; 17(3): 194-200.
[3]. J.Bruce Kneeland, William D.Middleton, Guillermo F. Carrera, Robert C. Zeuge, Andrzej Jesmanowicz, Wojciech Froncisz, James S. Hyde. MR Imaging of the shoulder; Diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. AJR. August 1987;149:333-337.
[4]. Joseph O. De Jesus, Laurence Parker, Andrea J. Frangos, Levon N. Nazarian. Accuracy of MRI, MR Arthrography, and Ultrasound in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears: A Meta-analysis. AJR. June 2009;192:1701-1707.
[5]. Nathan A. Mall, M.D., Andrew S. Lee, B.S. et al. An Evidenced-Based Examination of the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Traumatic Rotator Cuff Tears. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. Volume 29, Issue 2, February 2013, Pages 366–376..

Abstract: Background: Study was done to know the integrity of the distal radioulnar joint after the fracture of both bones of forearm, also know the possible association between the level of fractures and instability of distal radioulnar joint. METHODS: 65 patients of fracture of both bone forearm were treated in our hospital over the period of 2 years. Results: Of the 37 preoperative distal radioulnar joint dislocations, 10 (27.02%) were associated with fracture of both bones of forearm in the distal third and 27(72.97%) were associated with middle third fractures. There were no distal radioulnar joint dislocations associated with the proximal third fractures. Of the immediate postoperative distal radioulnar joint dislocations.....

[1]. Bush, M.E., Lovejoy, C.O., Johanson, D.C., and Coppens,Y.: Hominid carpal. metacarpal, and phalangeal bones recovered from the Hadar formation. 19741977 collections.Am. J. Phys.Anthrop. 56: 651,1982
[2]. Lewis, O.J.: Evolutionary change in the primate wrist and inferior radioulnar joint. Anat. Rec. 151: 2751965
[3]. Lewis, O.J.: The hominoid wrist joint. Am.J.Phys.Anthrop. 30: 251,1969
[4]. Lewis, O.J.: The development of the human wrist joint during the fetal period. Anat. Rec. 166: 499,1970
[5]. Marzke, M.W.: Origin of the human hand. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 34:61, 1971..

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a global health emergencydeclared by the WHO Emergency Committee. The clinicalfeatures exhibited of this pandemic diseaseconsists of high grade fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, flu like symptoms with lose of senses of taste and smell along with body aches which could proceed and evolve into severe respiratory disorders such as pneumonia, respiratory failureand may also result in other end-organ failure. Comorbidities that add to the severity or fatalities in COVID-19 include old age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, pre-existing cardiovascular or respiratory diseases and organ and coagulation dysfunction.A number of coagulopathies such as Venous thromboembolism which is a very known and common.....

[1]. TanuSinghal. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). The Indian Journal of Pediatrics (April 2020) 87(4):281–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6
[2]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497–506.
[3]. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020.
[4]. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020.
[5]. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ. 2020;368:m606.

Abstract: Diabeticmacularedemais the major cause of visualloss. The aim of ourstudyis to determine the relationshipbetween markers of intefrity of the outerlayers of the retina in spectral domain OCT, includingellipsoid line ant the externallimiting membrane(ELM) and the visualacuitybefore and after the treatment of diabeticmacularedma by intra vitreal injections of Bevacizumab.Our case-control studyincluded 30eyeswithdiabeticmacularedema>300μmtreatedwith intra vitreal injections of Bevascizumabaccording to protocol Pro Renata. The 30 eyesweredividedinto 3 groups according to the final status of IS-OS line and ELM :group A (IS-OS ans ELM intacts),group B (IS-OS broken and ELM intact), group C (IS-OS broken). The best corrected visuel acuity......

Key-words: Diabeticmacularedema, opticcoherencetomography, ellipsoid line, externallimiting membrane, intra vitreal injections, Bévacizumab.

[1]. OMS. Le diabète. Aidemémoire n°312, septembre 2006.
[2]. KLEIN R, KLEIN BEK, MOSS SE, DAVIS MD, DEMETS DL. The winsconsinepidemilogicstudy of diabeticretinopathy XIV Ten-year incidence and progression of diabeticretinopathy Arch ophtalmol 1994 ;112 ;1217-28
[3]. KLEIN R, KLEIN BE, MOSS SE, CRUICKSHANKS KJ. The Wisconsin EpidemiologicStudy of DiabeticRetinopathy. XV. The long-term incidence of macularedema. Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 7-16.
[4]. DCCT: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four yearsafter a trial of intensive therapy. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 381-9.
[5]. Pascal Massin. Rétinopathie diabétique, mise au point du traitement de l'oedème maculaire diabétique. Le 27 Février 2014. D'après le congrès ARMD 2012 « traiter la rétine : un défi technique », Paris-France.

Abstract: Background: less focus is often placed on associated problems with infectious diseases in the third world nation leaving outbreaks of such in dire need of preventive care. The study is aimed at exploring the common factors associated with patients with infectious diseases, viral heamorrhagic fever, especially Lassa fever (LF) at the infectious disease control centre in Kakuri Kaduna state, North Central Nigeria. Methodology:The report of five cases of (Lassa fever) LF treated at Infectious Disease Control Centre (IDCC) Kakuri Kaduna; three cases presented first at General Hospitals namely: General Hospital Sabon Tasha, Idon General Hospital, and Dr. Gwamnan Awan General Hospital.....

Key Word: Late report; Absconsion; Stigmatization; Lack of laboratory facilities; Health education; Rapid response Team.

[1]. Pappas G, Kiriaze IJ, Giannakis P, Falagas ME. Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2009; 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02947.
[2]. Ricard P, Thibault O. The hunt for COVID-19 treatment, vaccines. 2020; https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-06-covid-treatment-vaccines.html.
[3]. Pappas G, Siozopoulou V, Saplaoura K et al. Health literacy in the field of infectious diseases: the paradigm of brucellosis. J Infect 2007; 54: 40–45.
[4]. Pappas G, Seitaridis S, Akritidis N, Tsianos E. Infectious diseases in cinema: virus hunters and killer microbes. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37: 939–942.
[5]. Pettit. ML Disease and Stigma: A Review of Literature the health Educator Fall. 2008; (40):2 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ863511.pdf.