IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2016

Abstract: Investigation of uptake capacity of by nitrated biomass of Cicer arientinum(Bngal gram) is conducted in batch conditions. The effect of different parameters such as contact time, sorbent dose, pH and temperature has been studied. Adsorption kinetic modeling data were found out. The kinetics of biosorption results shows that sorption process is well explained by pseudo–second order model with determination coefficients higher than 0.98 for sorbent under all experimental conditions. The value Kp is found to be 0.652 to 2.43 for initial and final concentrations.

[1]. Ahalya, N., Kanamadi, R.D., (2006) Environmental Biotechnology, Vol.8, No.3.
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Abstract: The present study has focused on the determination of inorganic and organic parameters in water and sediments in the North western part of the Gulf of Suez coastal zones. The main objectives of this research are detecting oil spills and specifying the source of this pollution along the Suez-AinSokhna coastal zone. Remote sensing techniques have been utilized to select the most appropriate image processing techniques required to enhance the appearance of water pollution and oil discharges. The result of organic parameters ( Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Oil & Grease) indicated that oil pollution is concentrated in the three main harbors at the area of study; Port Tawfeek, El Attaka and El Ain Sokhna.

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Abstract: The present study has focused on the determination of inorganic and organic parameters in water and sediments in the North western part of the Gulf of Suez coastal zones. The main objectives of this research are detecting oil spills and specifying the source of this pollution along the Suez-AinSokhna coastal zone. Remote sensing techniques have been utilized to select the most appropriate image processing techniques required to enhance the appearance of water pollution and oil discharges. The result of organic parameters ( Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Oil & Grease) indicated that oil pollution is concentrated in the three main harbors at the area of study; Port Tawfeek, El Attaka and El Ain Sokhna.

[1]. APHA –AWWA-WPCF, 2005. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition. American Public Health
Association, Washington, DC, USA.
[2]. Abid Ali khan,Rubia Zahid Gaur,V.K Tyagi,Anwar Khursheed, Benilew, Indu Mehrotra
[3]. and A.A Kazmi, Sustainable option of post treatment UASB,Resources ,Conservation and Recycling,Vol.55,Issue 12,Oct
(2011),pp.1232-1251
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pp 55-63

Abstract: The problems of water quality have become more important than the quantity, as theenvironmental problems are getting more serious in different parts of the world. A number of factors like Geology, soil, effluents, sewage disposal and other environmental conditions in which the water happens to stay or move and interact with ground and biological characteristics. These influence greatly on the groundwater quality of an area. This study is made to evaluate the status of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. For this study, 60 water samples of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were collected. The chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH) and the concentration of ions such as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Sulphate (SO4) and Chloride (Cl) were analysed in order to understand the different geochemical processes.

[1] APHA, AWWA, WEFC, Standard Methods for the Examination of water and Waste water. APHA, Washington, D.C. 200005, 2002.
[2] Davis, S.N., and De Wiest (1996): "Hydrogeology", John Wiley & Sons, New York, P. 463.
[3] Hem, J.D, (1970): "Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water", (2 nd Edition), Geological Survey Water – Supply Paper 1473. United States Department of the Interior. United States Government Printing office, Washington D.C.
[4] Gibbs, R. J. (1970). Mechanisms controlling worlds water chemistry. Science, 170, 1088–1090.
[5] Indian Standards Institution (ISI), (1991). Indian Standard specification for driking water, IS 10500.
[6] Jain C. K., Bandyopadhyay A. and Bhadra A., 2009. Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater and its suitability in the intensive agricultural area of Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Environ Geol., 56, pp 901912.

Abstract: Rural exodus together with high birth rates and migration brings about a significant increase of urban population. Rapid urban population growth and urban development usually lead to environmental challenges, as increase in population density eventually causes major increase in quantity of waste produced. The management of waste has always been a tremendous challenge, especially in developing nations, where there is usually inadequate data on the quantity and quality of waste produced. The production and the
management of solid domestic waste were studied in Yaoundé (Cameroon). The waste collected from the study site by the waste management company and at household levels were analysed, its quantification was done by collecting, sorting and weighing various categories.

[1] Smith, K. M. P., 2010. What is Solid Waste Management? Retrieved December 7, 2013, from http://www.wisegreek.com/what-issolid- waste-managment.htm
[2] Guerrero, L., A., Maas, G., Hogland, W., 2013. Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries, Waste
Management 33: 220–232
[5] Kondzou, T. J. F., 2010. Les ordures ménagères: un problème sérieux pour les villes africaines. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from
http://agritech2.blogspot.com/2014/01/les-ordures-menageres-un-probleme_5.htm
[15] Nguendo, Y. H. B., Pirot, F., Bryant, R. C., (2006). Le paysage urbain de Yaoundé mis au jour à travers les SIG: approche
méthodologique sous ArcInfo 8.2. Retrieved May 28, 2015 fromhttp://www.esrifrance.fr/sig2006/Pirot_Yaounde.html
[18] Mougoué., 2001. Analyse des mécanismes de densification du site parcellaire : cas de Yaoundé. Séminaire sur l'étude comparative
des réseaux des services urbains à Barcelone et Yaoundé. Leseau. Ensp. Univ de Yde I pp. 47-68
[19] Statistic-Canada., 2013. Echantillonnage probabiliste. Retrieved August 11, 2013, from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/edu/powerpouvoir/ ch13/prob/5214899-fra.htm

Abstract: Powdery mildew is one of the common disease in which the casual organism forming colonies on leaves and tender portions of many of the economically important plants. The present study was carried out in the month of August to November, 2015 to survey the powdery mildew infection on some local plants in the Amravati district of Maharashtra state (India). During the survey four different species of fungi were reported out of which Leveillula clavata was first recorded on new host Euphorbia geniculata in India. Keywords: Powdery mildew , Erysiphales, Leveillula clavata, Sphaerotheca balsminae, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Podosphaera xanthii.

[1]. Amano K. 1986 ,Host Range and Geographical Distribution of the Powdery Mildews. Japan Scientific Press, Tokyo,; pp.741.
[2]. M. Bappammal, V.B. Hosagoudar, K. Udaiyan, 1995, Powdery mildews of Tamil Nadu, India, New Botanist, 22, , 81-175.
[3]. Biju, C.K., V.B. Hosagoudar and S. Sreekumar, 2011 Additions to the Powdery mildews of Kerala, India, Bioscience discovery 2(1), 38-42.
[4]. Biju C.K., Sony Thomas, S. Sreekumar, and P.N. Krishnan . Additions to the Powdery mildews of Kerala-II IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Volume 6, Issue 4 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 31-33 www.Iosrjournals.Org
[5]. Braun U. 2011 – The current systematics and taxonomy of the powdery mildews (Erysiphales):
[6]. an overview. Mycoscience 52 DOI 10.1007/s10267-010-0092-1.

Abstract: Ballast water provides stability to ships. These ballast water harbours several invasive organisms which are usually abundant and have the potentials to displace indigenous species and cause deleterious effects on Port infrastructures and the environment. These invasive species are present in Ballast water, Sediment and biofilms of ships. Prior to the promulgation of the Nigerian Merchant Shipping (Ballast Water Management) Regulations, 2012, there were no Ballast water guidelines in Nigeria. Ships from various Ports of call discharge ballast water without any form of restrain from regulatory agencies. In order to improve Nigeria's commitment to Ballast water management, the Nigerian Merchant Shipping (Ballast Water Management) Regulations, 2012 needs to be strengthened.

[1]. Allan, J.D. (1995). Stream Ecology: structure and function of running waters. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 388.
[2]. Branda, SS; Vik, S; Friedman, L and Kolter, R (2005). Biofilms: the matrix revisited. Trends
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[4]. Cushing, C.E. and Allan.J.D (2001). Streams: their ecology and life. Academic Press, San Diego. pp. 366.
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[6]. Flemming H-C; Neu TR and Wozniak DJ, (2007). The EPS Matrix: The "House of Biofilm
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Abstract: Fats used in baking contain trans fatty acid that has been proven to contribute towards various health problems. Palm stearin is used to substitute shortening in different ratios to observe the effects on the sensorial and colorimetric properties of cake. Formulations A, B, C, D, and E each has palm stearin substitution of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. All formulations were analysed for its colour analysis and sensory analysis. At 25 % level of substitution (formula B), overall liking in sensory analysis (5.5 ± 1.10) are found to be similar with formula A. Formula B for colour analysis 80.84 ± 0.20 (L*), 2.79 ± 0.40 (a*), and 30.30 ± 0.64 (b*) are however significantly different with formula A.

[1] I.N. Aini and C.H.C Maimon, Characteristics of White Pan Bread as Affected by Tempering of the Fat Ingredient. Cereal Chemistry, 73 (4), 1996, 462- 465.
[2] A. AbdulAzis, Y. Mohamud, K. Roselina, H.C. Boo, L.C. Nyuk and Cheman, Rheological, chemical and DSC thermal characteristics of different types of palm oil/palm stearin based shortenings. International Food Research Journal, 18, 2011, 189-200.
[3] G. Pande and C.C Akoh, Enzymatic synthesis of trans-free structured margarine fat analogs with high stearate soybean oil and palm stearin and their characterization. Food Science and Technology, 50, 2013, 232-239.
[4] J. Zhou, J.M. Faubion and C.E. Walker, Evaluation of different types of fats use in high-ratio layer cakes. Food Science and Technology, 44, 2011, 1802-1818.
[5] I. S. Dogan, I. Javidipour and T. Akan, Effects of interesterified palm and cottonseed oil blends on cake quality. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 42, 2007, 157-164.
[6] M. Mizukoshi, Model studies of cake baking. VI. Effects of cake ingredients and cake formula on shear modulus of cake. American Association of Cereal Chemists. 62, 1985, 247-251.

Abstract: Fats used in baking contain trans fatty acid that has been proven to contribute towards various health problems. Palm stearin is used to substitute shortening in different ratios to observe the effects on the sensorial and colorimetric properties of cake. Formulations A, B, C, D, and E each has palm stearin substitution of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. All formulations were analysed for its colour analysis and sensory analysis. At 25 % level of substitution (formula B), overall liking in sensory analysis (5.5 ± 1.10) are found to be similar with formula A. Formula B for colour analysis 80.84 ± 0.20 (L*), 2.79 ± 0.40 (a*), and 30.30 ± 0.64 (b*) are however significantly different with formula A. It is found that a different substitution ratio does affect the sensorial and colorimetric characteristics of the cakes. Substitution up to 25 % shows that it is best in producing cakes most similar to formula A. Further studies need to be carried out in order to find a method that may incorporate higher palm stearin substitution as well as palm stearin functionality in a cake system.

Keywords: Baking, palm stearin, cakes, sensory evaluation, fat substitution.

[1] I.N. Aini and C.H.C Maimon, Characteristics of White Pan Bread as Affected by Tempering of the Fat Ingredient. Cereal Chemistry, 73 (4), 1996, 462- 465
[2] A. AbdulAzis, Y. Mohamud, K. Roselina, H.C. Boo, L.C. Nyuk and Cheman, Rheological, chemical and DSC thermal characteristics of different types of palm oil/palm stearin based shortenings. International Food Research Journal, 18, 2011, 189-200
[3] G. Pande and C.C Akoh, Enzymatic synthesis of trans-free structured margarine fat analogs with high stearate soybean oil and palm stearin and their characterization. Food Science and Technology, 50, 2013, 232-239.
[4] J. Zhou, J.M. Faubion and C.E. Walker, Evaluation of different types of fats use in high-ratio layer cakes. Food Science and Technology, 44, 2011, 1802-1818.
[5] I. S. Dogan, I. Javidipour and T. Akan, Effects of interesterified palm and cottonseed oil blends on cake quality. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 42, 2007, 157-164.
[6] M. Mizukoshi, Model studies of cake baking. VI. Effects of cake ingredients and cake formula on shear modulus of cake. American Association of Cereal Chemists. 62, 1985, 247-251.

Abstract: This study was carried out to assess toxicological risk from the fluoride (F-) exposure due to ingestion of drinking and vegetables/cereal crops such as mustard, rice and wheat grown in potentially fluoridated area of different age groups in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. Among vegetables maximum F- concentration was found in spinach whereas in cereal crops, wheat accumulated more F- than rice. With respect to both crops and vegetables the cumulative EDI values in children of 3–14 years are found to be higher as compared to the other age groups in both control and treated areas. Hazard risk assessment shows that adults are more susceptible to risk followed by children years 3 – 14 and 15 – 18 years. But in reference to crops/vegetables it is found that children of 3 – 14 years of age group are at a risk of developing fluorosis.

Keywords: Fluoride; Crops/vegetables; Exposure dose; Risk assessment

[1] P.B. Maithani, R. Gurjar, R. Banerjee, B.K. Balaji, S. Ramachandran and R. Singh, Anomalous fluoride in ground water from western part of sirohi district, Rajasthan and its crippling effects on human health, Current Science, 74, 1998, 773–777.

[2] S. Ayoob, and A.K. Gupta, Fluoride in drinking water a review on the status and stress effects, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 2006, 433–487. [3] K. Tirumalesh, Isotope hydrochemical approach to understand fluoride release into groundwaters of Ilkal area, Bagalkot district, Karnataka, India, Hydrogeology Journal, 15, 2006, 589–598.

[4] E. Shaji, J. Bindu, Viju and D. S. Thambi , High fluoride in groundwater of Palghat District, Kerala, Current Science, 92, 2007, 240–245.

[5] S. Naseem, T. Rafique, E. Bashir, M.I. Bhanger, A. Laghari and T.H. Usmani, Lithological influences on occurrence of high-fluoride groundwater in Nagar Parkar area, Thar Desert, Pakistan, Chemosphere, 78(11), 2010, 1313–1321.