IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2016

Abstract: Physicochemical parameters of water along the Elemi River located within the Iworoko-AdoEkiti axis of Ekiti State was assessed as a pre-implementation process of small hydroelectric power (SHP) plant installation of Ekiti State University, Nigeria which is believed, will solve the problem of incessant interrupted supply of electricity when completed.The results of water quality test from three sites (upstream, downstream and midstream) showed that there was no significant difference in the physical parameters (temperature, turbidity and conductivity) found to be within the limit of WHO standard...........

KeyWords: Elemi River, Water quality, Community, Small Hydroelectric Power (SHP)

[1] C. C. Asonye, N. P. Okolie, E. E. Okenwa, and U. G. Iwuanyanwu, Some physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal profiles of streams and water ways. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2007, 6(5), 617-624

[2] D. S. Rathore, N. Rai, and P. Ashiya, Physicochemical analysis of water of Ayad River at Udaipur, Rafjasthan (India), Int. Jounal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014, 13(4), 11660-11667.

[3] M. Muniyan, and G. Ambedkar, Seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters of water collected from Kedilam River at Visoor Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Environmental Biology, 2011, 1(2), 15-18.

[4] C. M. A. Ademoroti, Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Foludex Press Ltd., Ibadan, 1996, 145-151, 174.

[5] Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), Chemical analysis manual for food and water, 5th Edition, FAO Rome, 1997, 1, 20-26.

Abstract: Two parallel pilot scale sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (SSFCW) are designed and fabricated. The two natural wetland plants selected for the present study are Cyperus alopecuroides and Canna indica. These plant species are grown in constructed wetland tanks A (with Canna indica) and B (with Cyperus alopecuroides) for two months by supplying fresh tap water. After the plants are grown healthy, potassium dicromate solution of different concentrations is introduced into both the tanks in a constant rate flow of 25 ml/min in plug flow manner from inlet tanks...........

KeyWords: Canna indica; chromium; Cyperus alopecuroides; heavy metals; phytoremediation; wetlands;

[1] Overall, R. A. and Parry, D. L., "The uptake of uranium by Eleocharis dulcis in the Ranger Uranium Mine constructed wetland fitter", Envir, Pollute., Vol: 132(2), 2004, pp. 307-320.
[2] Jinadasa, K. B. S. N., Tanaka Norio, Mowjood, H. I. M. and Werellagama, D. R. I. B., "Effectiveness of Scirpus grossus in treatment of domestic waste in constructed wetland", Journal of fresh water ecology, Vol. 21, 2006, pp. 603.
[3] Ayaz , S. C. , "Post-treatment and reuse of tertiary treated wastewater by constructed wetlands ", Desalination, Vol: 226, 2008, pp. 249–255 .
[4] Olmos-Marquez M. A., Alarcon-Herrera, M. T., and Martin-Dominquez, I.R., "Performance of Eleocharis macrostachya and its importance for arsenic retention in constructed wetlands", Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., Vol. 19 (3), 2012, pp. 763-771.
[5] Cheng S, Xiao J, Xiao H, Zhang L and Wu Z, "Technical note Phytoremediation of triazophos by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system", International Journal of Phytoremediation, Nov-Dec 9(6), 2007, pp. 453-463.

Abstract: The study sought to estimate the relative abundance and uses of wild tree species in Ukohol community. Six transects were laid at a range of 500m within a 5km baseline through fallowlands in the community. On each transect, 4 plots of 50m x 50m were marked and the total number of each species in the plots was counted and recorded. A semi-structured questionnaire was also administered to 40 respondents in four out of six villages in the study area to obtain information on uses of the tree species. A total of 38 plant species from 17 families were recorded. The Dbh classes in the study area ranged between less than 20cm to below 80cm............

KeyWords: Wild trees, relative abundance, local knowledge, importance value index, Ukohol community

[1]. Adams, J.H., Mahmud, A.M and Muslim, N.E (2007). Cluster analysis on floristic and forest structure of hilly lowland forest in Lak Kawi, Sabah of Malaysia. Int. J. Bot.4:351-358
[2]. Agishi, E.C. Tiv, Idoma, Etulo, Igede,Akwaya,Hausa, English and Scientific names of plants, 2nd Edition, Agitab publishers Ltd Makurdi.2010.
[3]. Arbonnier, M (2004). Trees, shrubs and lianas of West African dry zones, 2nd Edition.CIRAD,MARGRAF PUBLISHERS GMBH MNHN,Germany.
[4]. Atakpama. W, F. Foléga, M. Dourma, Y. A. Woégan, B. Diwediga, K. Wala, K. Batawila and Akpagana, K (2014). Woody Species Diversity, Structure and Distribution of Sterculia setigera Del. in Togo, West Africa. Annual Research & Review in Biology,4(24): 4511-4528
[5]. Balemie, K and Kebebew, F(2006). Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Derashe and Kucha Districts, South Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the level of awareness and knowledge on fenugreek towards the treatment of diabetes among the general population in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 80 respondents were randomly selected by quota sampling and the questionnaires were distributed with emphasis laid on the level of awareness and knowledge on fenugreek towards the treatment of diabetes among genders and races which has to be solved in 1 hour. Females (16.25%) were more aware of the use of fenugreek and were also knowledgeable compared to males (2.5%). Based on race, it was observed that Indians (10%) were more aware...........

KeyWords: Awareness & Knowledge, Diabetes, Fenugreek, Gender, Races.

[1]. New Straits Times. 2012.
[2]. Rahul Gupta, Kumar Gaurav Bapai, Samta Johrri, A M Saxena, An Overview of Indian Novel Traditional Medicinal Plants with Anti-diabetic potentials, African Journal of Traditional and Complementary Alternative Medicine, 5(1), 2008, 1-17.
[3]. Implementation tools: Package of Essential Non-communicable (PEN) disease interventions for primary health care in Low-resource settings. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
[4]. Shivangi Goyal, Nidhi Gupta and Sreemoyee Chatterjee, "Investigating therapeutic potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum L as our defence mechanism against several human diseases", Journal of Toxicology, 2016, Article ID 1250387, 10 pages.
[5]. Naicker N, Nagiah S, Phulukdaree A, Chuturgoon A, Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract, 4-hydroxyisoleucine and Metformin stimulate proximal insulin signalling and increase expression of glycogenic enzymes and GLUT2 in HepG2 cells, Metabolic syndrome related disorders, 14(2), 2016, 114-20. 4

Abstract: Natural water system in Iraq is facing massive destruction and quality degradation mainly due to absence of an effective protection regulations against direct discharge of pollutants, and inefficient wastewater treatment at Iraq's sewage treatment plants. Alsamawah City is the center of Almuthanna Province in Southern Iraq. The wastewater treatment plant that serves the city is facing major problems related to improper design and/or implementation of structural plan, lack of professional operators, power shortage, and lack of maintenance. An environmental evaluation of the plant was conducted. The plant was not able to reduce the tested contaminants properly, and failed to comply with standards............

KeyWords: Wastewater treatment, life cycle assessment, developing countries, Iraq

[1]. UNICEF. 2011. "Water in Iraq: Facts and Figures" International World Water Day. Available online at: http://iq.one.un.org/documents/155/UNICEF%20media%20advisory%20and%20facts.pdf (5/10/2016).
[2]. UNICEF. 2003. "Iraq Watching Briefs, Water and Environmental Sanitation." http://www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/files/Iraq_2003_Watching_Briefs.pdf (06/02/2016).
[3]. World Bank. 2006. "Iraq: Country Water Resources, Assistance Strategy: Addressing Major Threats to People's Livelihoods." Water, Environment, Social and Rural Development Department. Middle East and North Africa Region. Report No. 36297-IQ. Also Available online at: <http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/Iraq.pdf> (06/02/2016).
[4]. Al-Rawi, S. M. 2005. Contribution of Man–Made Activities to the Pollution of the Tigris within Mosul Area/IRAQ. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2(2), 245-250.
[5]. Al-Obaidi, R. 2012. "Aeration Tank Behavior in the Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant Startup Conditions." Al-Muthanna for Engineering. Sci., Vol (1), NO (1).

Abstract: This study was carried out to formulate a drink "Pina soy" by blending different proportions of soybean milk and pineapple juice with the aim of firstly suppressing the "beany flavor" associated with soymilk. The blends were prepared using different proportions of pineapple juice and soya milk in the ratio 20/80, 40/60, 50/ 50, 60/40, 80/20 in addition to two controls which were 100% pineapple and 100% soy. The different blends were formulated, homogenized, packaged and accessed for organoleptic (sensory) properties...........

KeyWords: Juice, Pineapple, Processing, Sensory evaluation, Soybeans

[1]. Akinosun, F.F. (2010). Production and quality evaluation of juice from blend of water melon and pineapple fruits. J. Food Sci. 2 (4):
54-58.
[2]. Akubor, P.I., Achi, O.K. and Offonry, S.U. 2002. Influence of storage on chemical, microbial and consumer acceptability of a
milk-like product made from melon seeds. Plant Foods Human Nutr. 57:191-196.
[3]. Bartolome A. P., Ruperez and C Fuster, 1995. Pineapple fruit; Morphological characteristics, chemical composition and sensory
analysis of red Spanish and composition and sensory analysis of red Spanish and smooth cayenne cultivars. Food Chem. 53:75- 79
[4]. Baruwa, O.I. 2013. Profitability and constraints of pineapple production in Osun State, Nigeria. J. Hort. Res. 21(2): 59 - 64
[5]. Boles, J.A. and Pegg, R. 2005. Meat colour. Montana State University and Saskatchewan food product innovation programme,
University of Saskatchewan.

Abstract: The bioaccumulation of heavy metals and their distribution were investigated in selected marine bivalve mollusks of genus (saccostreacucullata) oysters, (Mytilus edulis) mussels and donax at Tudor creek in Mombasa Kenya. An atomic absorption spectrometer was used in this study to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals in the organisms' flesh and shell, water, sediment and rock samples............

KeyWords: Edible, bivalves, heavy metals, bioaccumulation, Tudor creek

[1]. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1993, Glossary for chemists of terms used in toxicology: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 65(9):2003-2122.
[2]. Baby j., Raj J. S., Biby E. T., Sankarganesh P., Jeevitha M. V., Ajisha S. U. and Rajan S. S., (2010) Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Aquatic Environment. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Science 4(4): 939-952
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[4]. UNEP/GPA (2006), The State of the Marine Environment: Trends and Processes. UNEP/GPA,The Hague.
[5]. Burger J. and Gochfeld M., (2006) Locational Differences in Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Pacific Blue Mussels Mytilus [edulis] trossulus from Adak Island in the Aleutian Chain, Alaska. Science of the Total Environment, 368: 937 - 950.

Abstract: Plant growth promoting bacteria have several applications in agriculture as they could be used as bio-fertilizers and/or bio-control agents. Isolation, characterization and identification of Origanum syriacum ssp. sinaicum associated growth promoting bacteria was the aim of this study as Origanum is one of the most important wild endemic medicinal plants in Egypt. Out of 268 bacterial isolates whether rhizospheric or endophytic obtained firstly, the initial test for the production of gibberellic acid led to a reduction of this number to be 25. The nitrogenase activity was the second potential test by which 4 isolates were finally selected and tested for further plant growth promoting characteristics..........

KeyWords: Bacillus, Gibberellic acid, Origanum syriacum ssp. sinaicum, phosphate solubilization and Serratia.

[1]. Lucy, M., E. Reed, and B.R. Glick, Applications of free living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2004. 86(1): p. 1-25.
[2]. Chin-A-Woeng, T.F., et al., Phenazine-1-carboxamide production in the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 is regulated by multiple factors secreted into the growth medium. Molecular plant-microbe interactions, 2001. 14(8): p. 969-979.
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[5]. Blaha, D., et al., Phylogeny of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase-encoding gene acdS in phytobeneficial and pathogenic Proteobacteria and relation with strain biogeography. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2006. 56(3): p. 455-470.

Abstract: Three improved variety of cassava cultivars (NR-8082, NR-8429, and TMS-30572) grown within 2 km flare distance were studied for their viability, yield and tolerance level to flare radiation in Rumuekpe flow station of Rivers State. The plots were designed according to distances: 0-150m, 150-300m, 300-450m, 450-600m and 1000-2000m. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) treatments in five replications was used. Heat radiation was measured with a pyranometer equipped with an automatic logging system. Flare quality was measured with a British standard miniature smoke chart: The smoke chart BS 2742m was used at a distance of 18.5m (60 ft). The number of viable and dead cassava plants was counted and the percentage viability/loss calculated and analysed for 1 month and 10 months of age planting period respectively..........

KeyWords: Cassava (Manihot esculenta), flare distance, tolerance, viability, yield and thermal radiation.

[1]. Akpabio,Z.K.A (2006) ―The Impacts of Gas Flaring on Microenvironment and Yield of Plantain in Rivers State, Nigeria,‖ Environmental Perspectives, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2006, pp. 1-11.
[2]. Avwiri, G.O. and Ebeniro, J.O.(1994). Environmental impact of gas flaring at Obrikom Area of Rivers state. Nigeria Journal of physics vol 7: 72-75.
[3]. DTE-GEM. (2001). Geographic Information System- Geomatics Department, Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, Portharcourt.
[4]. Ede, P.N. and Johnson .G.A (2000). Energy relations of gas estimated from flare radiation in Nigeria.Int. J.Energy Res. Vol. 24: pp 1-7
[5]. Egbuna D.O. (1987). The environmental hazards of the natural gas industry in petroleum industry and the Nigerian environment, Proceedings of 1987 Seminar. The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation: Lagos, 346-350.

Abstract: The leaves of Gongronema latifolium (utasi) generally consumed as vegetables and spices for nutritional and medicinal purposes were analysed for chemical composition and nutritive value to ascertain the suitability of the plant for human consumption. The plant samples were collected from a cultivated farm and a wild forest in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The analyses were performed using standard analytical methods for food analysis. Qualitatively, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, steroids and saponin in variable amounts in both the wild and the cultivated samples. Quantitatively, the results for phytochemical analysis ranged from 0.53±0.02 % steroid in cultivated sample to 28.75±0.02% alkaloid in the wild sample. In the proximate analysis, the results ranged from 6.92±0.03% fibre in the cultivated sample to 65.06±0.09 % moisture in the wild...........

KeyWords: Chemical evaluation, consumption, cultivated, nutritive value, Gongronema latifolium, suitability, wild

[1]. FAO (Food and Agricultural organization), The state of food insecurity in the World (FAO),2014, Web accessed May 1, 2015.
[2]. O. A. Okunade, and K. Adesina, Preliminary study on Nutritional, Anti-nutritional and Elemental Composition of Bishop
vegetable (Jatrophantanjo rensis) and cashew shoot (Anarcadium occidentale) leaves. Int. Jour. Adv. Res. Chem. Sci., 1, 2014, 43 – 46.
[3]. E. I. Uwah, J. Abah, N. P. Ndahi, and V.O. Ogugbuaja, Concentration Levels of Nitrate and Nitrite in soils and Some Leafy
Vegetables obtained in Maiduguri, Nigeria, Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation 4(3), 2009, 233 – 244.
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[5]. N. H. Ugochukwu, and N. E. Babady, Antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gongronema latifolium leaves
on glucose and glycogen metabolism in livers of normal and strptozocin-induced rats, Life Sciences, 73 (15), 2003, 1925-1938.

Abstract: Heavy metal concentration in soils from mechanic workshop areas in Keffi town, were assessed using the topsoil in the vicinity of the study area. Samples were collected along the North- East and South West transects based on the residual pathway and the undulating surface of the area at a varying distance of 1000meters from the workshop area. The results obtained showed that Zn had the highest concentration levels followed by Cu and then lead in transects of the study areas while other metals: Nickel, Chromium and Cadmium had low concentrations in the top soils of the study areas. However, non-parametric analyses of Kruskal Wallis also show the degree of concentration and relationship among the heavy metals at the study sites. Copper, Lead and Iron though are low in the top soil but are persistence in the study sites.

KeyWords: Heavy metals, Concentration, Kruskal Wallis, Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Transect and atomic Absorption spectrophotometry

[1]. Abiola K. A.,Medugu N. I., Ekanade, O., Opaluwa, O.D. and Omale, Muhammed A. B., (2014). Baseline concentration of Morbid leachate in well water sample of Enjema – Ofugo area in Ankpa town, Kogi State. Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Sciences Engineering and Technology.Vol1., Issue 9. Pp175 – 188.www.ijiset.com
[2]. Abiola K. A.,Funmilola A.Medugu N. I., andAyuba H. K.,, (2014). Variability of Brine water quality in Keana and Awe, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.Unique Journal of Engineering and Advanced Sciences.,Vol 2., Issue 4 Pp36 – 45. www.ujconline.net
[3]. Abua, I., (1996) environmental impact of two waste dumpsite in Ibadan and Lagos on groundwater quality. Ph.D Thesis University of Ibadan (unpublished).
[4]. Abimbola A. F., Akdang, J.A. Akande, S.O. Olatunji, A.S. (2002). Environmental Impact Assessment of heavy metals associated with Pb-Zn mineralization in Abakaliki Area southeastern Nigeria. In IAGOD Symposium and Geocongress 2002.Publishedby the geological survey of Namibia.

Abstract: The introduction of plants is not a new phenomenon and is consubstantial with the history of humanity. Travels and the conquest of new lands helped the spread of species from their place of domestication. The migration dynamics of some populations is closely linked to that of the plants necessary for their survival. The Native American saga in the Caribbean basin, which resulted in the introduction of many useful plant species, is an excellent example. In the Lesser Antilles, from the beginning of colonization to the present day, the exogenous species imported from tropical America were added various pantropical taxa........

KeyWords: Anthropization, ecosystem, introduced species, invasive species. Martinique, vegetation.

[1]. R.J. Hobbs, (Ed.), Invasive species in a changing world, in Island Press (Cambridge University Press, London, 2000) 154-178.

[2]. D. Simberloff, Eradication of island invasives: practical actions and results achieved, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16(6), 2001, 273-274.

[3]. J. Gurevitch and D.K.Padilla, Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(9), 2004, 470-474.

[4]. D.M. Richardson and M. Rejmánek, Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species–a global review, Diversity and Distributions, 17(5), 2011, 788-809

. [5]. R.T. Corlett, Invasive aliens on tropical East Asian islands, Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(2), 2010, 411-423..

Abstract: This paper preliminarilyinvestigated the general characteristics of off shore and near shore wind-generated surface waves over a period of six months (August- 1999 – February 2000) off Port Said, Egypt. It presented an analysis of the data measured using directional wave buoys moored at two locations: off shore (133 m) and near shore (8 m). Over the period of investigation, the study revealed a weak correlation coefficient (0.28) between the offshore surface wave direction and wind direction. The mean of the former parameter was 245.8° TN, while the mean of the latter parameter was 163.7° TN............

KeyWords: Egyptian Mediterranean coast, surface waves, wave field data,windregime

[1] T. M. El-Geziry, I. A. Maiyza, and H. I. Maiyza, General trend of wind anomalies in the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of King Abdul-Aziz University (JKAU), Marine Sciences, 24 (2), 2013, 85-97.
[2] T.M. El-Geziry, On the Long term Behavior of Wind-Wave Climatology over the west region of Scotland, U.K., Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, 1, 2015, 113-125.
[3] D. Mollison,Assessing the wave energy resource. In: Statistics for Environment 2. Barnett and Turkman Eds. Wiley press, 1994, 205-220.
[4] C. G. Soares, On the occurrence of double peaked wave spectra. Journal of Ocean Engineering, 18 (1),1991,167–171.
[5] A .J. Kuik, G. Vledder, L. H. Holthuijsen, A method for the routine analysis of pitch and roll buoy wave data. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 18 (7), 1988, 1020–1034

Abstract: The de-fluoridation of simulated known concentration of fluoride solution (3 to 5 ppm) was studied using Al(OH)3 nano particles (0.5 gm/100 mL) as adsorbentsby a simple magnetic extraction method.Selective ion electrode method was adopted to analyze reduction of fluoride concentration in simulated solution before and after treatment. The result reveals that, the absorbance for the samples have been noticeable reduction............

KeyWords: De-fluoridation; nano particles; ion electrode

[1]. Xiadi Zhao, Jieming Wang, Fengchang Wu, Thanh Wang, Yagi Cai, Yali Shi and Guibin Jiang. 2009. Removal of fluoride from aqueous media Fe3O4 or Al(OH)3 magnetic nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Material, 173: 102-109.
[2]. Maixia, Lin Chen, Guo Gao, Yan Zhang, Tingje Wang and Showou Guo. 2010. Treatment effect on the adsorption capacity of alumina for removal fluoride. Nano Biomed. Engineering, 231-235.
[3]. Balshaw, D.M., Philbert, M., Suk, W.A.. 2005. Research Strategies for Safety Evaluation of Nanomaterials, Part III: Nanoscale Technologies for Assessing and Improving Public Health. Toxicol. Sci. 88(2): 298-306
[4]. Agarwal M, Rai K, Shrivastav R, Das S. Deflouridation of water using amended clay.J Clean Prod 2003;11(4):439–44.
[5]. Mandava, V.B., M. Rao, Subba Rao, V. Prashanthi and Muppa Ravi. 2009. Characterization and deflouridation studies of activated dolichos lab, carbon, Rasayan. J. Chem., 2: 525-530.

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to examine fluoride adsorption potential of thermally activated termite mound (TTM) under batch adsorption experimentalsetup. Thermal activation of the mound in between 100 to 5000C increased the adsorption efficiency (~ 50 to ~ 79%), whereas activation above 5000C decreased the efficiency. The removal of fluoride was optimal (~ 91%) in the pH ranging from 3 to 10. Adsorption kinetics data followed pseudo-second order equation (R2> 0.99). Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms satisfactorily described the equilibrium isotherm data (R2> 0.98, χ2< 0.25)..............

KeyWords: Sorption energy, TTM, thermal activation, equilibrium, termite mound

[1] Maliyekkal SM, Shukla S, Philip L, Nambi IM. Enhanced fluoride removal from drinking water by magnesia-amended activated alumina granules. Chem Eng J 2008;183-192.
[2] Mohapatra M, Anand S, Mishra BK, Giles DE, Singh P. Review of fluoride removal from drinking water. J Environ Manage 2009;67-77.
[3] Furi W, Razack M, Abiye TA, Ayenew T, Legesse D. Fluoride enrichment mechanism and geospatial distribution in the volcanic aquifers of the Middle Awash basin, Northern Main Ethiopian Rift. J Afr Earth Sci 2011;315-327.
[4] Rango T, Bianchini G, Beccaluva L, Tassinari R. Geochemistry and water quality assessment of central Main Ethiopian Rift natural waters with emphasis on source and occurrence of fluoride and arsenic. J Afr Earth Sci 2010;479-491.
[5] WHO. Guidelines for drinking water quality, First Addendum to 3rd ed. Vol. 1: Recomendations. World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland 2006.

Abstract: In this paper we have studied solid waste management in Gotkhindi village near Islampur. The predominance of open dumping and the absence of reliable data regarding generation and characterization of waste has created a difficult situation for rural local bodies responsible for managing solid waste generated in the village. In this study, solid waste samples collected from a dump site analyzed for physical characterization. The physical characterization of the city waste confirms its suitability for applying biological method of composting. The waste characterization highlights the importance of waste segregation before sending............

KeyWords: Bangalore method of composting, open dumping, pollution, solid waste, waste characteristics

[1] Aliakbar Mohammadi, Abdoliman Amouei, Hosseinali Asgharnia, Hourieh Fallah, Zeinab Ghanami "A Survey on the Rural Solid Wastes Characteristics in North Iran (Babol)", Environmental Research And Technology,eISSN 22490256, 2(3): 149-153(2012).
[2] Arunabha Majumdar, "Rural Solid Waste Management: Issues & Action", Emeritus Fellow, SWRE, Jadavpur University, Member, Sanitation Task Force, Govt. of West Bengal.
[3] Sapna Sethi , (2013), "Characterization of Municipal Solid Wastein Jalandhar City, Punjab, India", Journal of Hazardous Toxic and Radioactive Waste © ASCE / April 2013/ pp. 97-106.
Books:
[4] S.K.Garg, Sewage disposal and Air pollution engineering (Khanna publishers, 2012).
[5] Ministry of Urban Development, Manual on Solid Waste Management (Government of India, 2000).

Abstract: Recently, sesame oil is highly appreciated by consumers due to its sensory qualities, antioxidants activity and nutritional benefits, despite its high price. Also, the detection and quantification of adulteration both are problem with increasing importance in the consumer's health and food industry. The goal of this study was to use Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for the quantification of the adulteration of sesame oil. Adulteration with sunflower oil, soybean oil or colza oil is one of the most difficult to detect due to the similar composition of them and sesame oil.............

KeyWords: ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, Adulteration, Edible oils, Sesame oil, Partial least squares regression

[1] Namiki, M. Antioxidants/antimutagens in food.Critical Reviews of Food Science and Nutrition, 29, 1990, 273–300
[2] Hirata, F., Fujita, K., Ishikura, Y., Hosoda, K. Hypocholesterolemic effect of sesame lignan in humans. Atherosclerosis, 22, 1996, 135-136.
[3] Kita, S., Matsumura, Y., Tanida, Y., Morimoto, S. Antihypertension effects of sesamin. Biological and pharmaceutical Bullet, 21, 1998, 469-73.
[4] Lee, J., Kim, M., Choe, E. Study on the changes of tocopherols and lignans and the oxidative properties of roasted sesame oil during manufacturing andstorage. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 40, 2008, 15–20.
[5] Abou-Gharbia, H. A., Shehata, A. A., & Shahidi, F. Effect of processing on oxidative stability and lipid classes of sesame oil.Food Research International, 33, 2000, 331-340.

Abstract: Urban roads are planned such that provision is made for future expansion through reservation of adequate right of way to allow free flow of traffic. Violation of development control guidelines as it affects road reservation is a common phenomenon in cities of developing countries especially by informal sector activities. It is worrisome when public and semi-public activities and developments constitute part of the problem. This presents an ugly situation, because areas reserved for road expansion and hosting of road furniture are taken up not only by informal activities but by public and semi public activities.............

KeyWords: Encroachment, reservation, public and semi-public, developments

[1] M.B. Leonhard, (2001) The Public Nature of Indian Reservation Roads: Attorney, Office of Legal Counsel, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
[2] F. S. Chapin, Land use Planning, in Abanobi, J.P.N. ( Ed) Regional Infrastructure in the context of the role of the Federal Capital Territory as an administrative territory of the Federal Capital City (Kalko, M.SU USA, 1999)
[3] S. Katung, Analysis of the Activities Encroaching on Urban Road Reservation along Sokoto Road, Zaria. B.URP Unpublished Dissertation. Depart of Urban and Regional Planning, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2005.
[4] S. J. Keku, Road Transport and Traffic Problems in Urban Areas, An unpublished Thesis, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Zaria, 1991.
[5] Eastbourne Community Board (2010) Marine Drive Development Encroachment on Road Reserve. www.huttcity.com/eastbourne. retrieved on Sept. 10th, 2012-10-19

Abstract: Biosurfactants are widely known as surface active agents of biological origin. Glycolipid classes of biosurfactants has high important in the biotechnological arena. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida sp., are important classes of microorganism and highly investigated for the production of glycolipid biosurfactants. Commercially, microbial biosurfactants are more advantageous than chemical based biosurfactants due to their biodegradability, renewability and functionality maintenance under extreme operating conditions.............

KeyWords: Biosurfactants, Emulsification, Environmental cleaning, Hydrocarbon

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