IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2017

Abstract: The Hall-Héroult process for the electrolytic reduction of alumina was developed at the end of the 19th century and is still currently the only industrial process for the production of aluminium. Today this process is ranked among the most energy and CO2 intensive industrial processes, consuming about 1 % of the globally produced electric energy and producing 2.5 % of the world's anthropogenetic GHG emissions. The direct carbothermic reduction of alumina has been proposed as an alternative process which can substantially improve the sustainability of primary aluminium production Thermochemical calculations predict that by carrying out the carbothermic reduction under vacuum..........

KeyWords: Direct carbothermal process for Al;Mintek process for Mg;Solid Oxide process for Mg;Hall-Heroult's process;Magnetherm process for Mg;Arc Attachment Zone(AAZ)

[1]. S. Namboothiri, M. P. Taylor, J. J. J. Chen, M. M. Hyland, M. Cooksey, "Aluminium Production Options with a Focus on the Use of a Hydrogen Anode: A Review", Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.2, (2007), pp. 442-7.
[2]. I.M. Morsi, K.A. El Barawy, M.B. Morsi, S.R. Abdel-Gawad, Silicothermic reduction of Dolomite Ore under Inert Atmosphere, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 1,(2002),p.15.
[3]. Brooks, G., Trang, S., Witt, P., Khan, M.N.H , Nagle, M, 'Carbothermic Route to Magnesium', Journal of Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Vol.58, no. 5, p.51-55.
[4]. R.T. Jones, Computer Simulation of Pyrometallurgical Processes, Proceedings of the Twentieth International Symposium on the Application of Mathematics and Computers in the Minerals,Industries, Vol. 2,( 1987),p.265.
[5]. Cherubini, F., Raugei, M. , Ulgiati, S. (2008), 'LCA of Magnesium Production.Technological Overview and Worldwide Estimation of Environmental Burdens',Resources Conservation & Recycling, vol.52, no. 8-9, p. 1093-1100.

Abstract: The climatic changes within the Mediterranean region are known to be responsible of the physionomical variations of the forest ecosystems. This pathology appears under Water stress which undergoes the trees in their natural area, affecting their growth and productivity. The critical roles of osmolyte accumulation under drought stress conditions have been actively researched to understand the tolerance of plants to dehydration. In addition, drought stress-induced generation of active oxygen species is well recognized at the cellular level and is tightly controlled at both the production and consumption levels, through increased antioxidative systems............

KeyWords: Quercus suber, water stress, physiological, biochemistry, adaptation

[1]. Albouchi, R., Ghrir, M.h. El Aouni.,1997. Endurcissement `a la s´echeresse et accumulation de glucides solubles et d'acides amin´es libres dans les phyllodes d'Acacia cyanophylla Lindl.Anal. Forest. Sci.54 :155-168.
[2]. André, D. Azevedo, Neto , Rejane, J.M.C. Nogueira, Péricles, A., Melo Filho,Roseane C., Santos. 2010. Physiological and biochemical responses of peanut genotypes to water deficit. Journal of Plant Interactions, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2010, 1_10.
[3]. Ashraf, M., Harris, P.J.C., 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Sci. 166: 3-16
[4]. Bates, L., Waldren, R.P., Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207
[5]. Bartels, D., Sunkar, R., 2005. Drought and salt tolerance in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 24: 23–58.

Abstract: This work was dedicated to the study of the effect of malting temperature on the chemical composition of buckwheat malt. It was found that steeping and malting buckwheat set the optimum mode soaking 4 extracts of buckwheat under water and 6 hours of air pauses steeping water temperature 16ºS within 24-32 hours.Malting also held at different temperatures: 14, 16 and 18ºC. The optimum temperature was 16ºS duration germination 24 - 32 hours. At this temperature, malting and humidity 44% maximum capacity amylolytic malt was after the first day and was 320ed.

KeyWords: Buckwheat, malt, germination, moisture content, temperature, amylolytic ability.

[1]. Skydan, VA The quality of grain of rice and other cereals / VA Skydan, MS Skydan // REFINING storage and grain. - 2012. - №9. -
P. 28-30.
[2]. Yakimenko, AF Origin, Distribution and production of buckwheat / AF Yakimenko. - M .: Imperia, 2002. - 131 p.
[3]. Kirilenko, SK Amynokyslotnыy composition and byolohycheskaya values buckwheat grain fractions of proteins / SK Kirilenko //
Genetics, selective breeding, and semenovodstvovozdelыvanyekrupyanыh cultures. -2002. - №4. - S.73-80.
[4]. Klimov, EV Byoaktyvatsyya vitamin complex semyan buckwheat and soy at an early Stage prorastanyya dynamics and migration
vodorastvorymыh vitamins at эkstraktsyy / EV // Klimov and storage REFINING selhozsыrya.-2006.- №8.- S.51-58.
[5]. Azaneva, AP biochemistry cultivated plants / AP Azaneva, MI Knyahynychev, IK Murray // Restenyevodstvo. - 2009. - №7. - S.44- 93.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of dissemination channels on utilization of research findings in the management of Environment and Fishing Efforts in Kisumu Municipality kenya. The objective of this study was: determine influence of dissemination channels on utilization of research findings. Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used in this study. Households were the unit of analysis. From a study population of 15,179 households, a minium sample of 384 household heads were used, proportionate sampling and systematic sampling were used to select households according to location of study area. Purposive sampling were also used to get key informants............

KeyWords: Channels, Dissemination, Research Findings, Utilization, Fisher folks

[1]. David, D., Angela, H. A., Mark, O. G, Zen-Ichiro, K., Duncan, J. K., Christian, L., Robert, J. N., Ann-Helene, P. R., Doris, S., Melanie, L.J. S., Caroline, A. S., (2006). Fresh Water Biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Cambridge Philosophical Society 81: 163-182.
[2]. Fredrick, J. M., Fredrick, L. M., Raphael, K., (2011). Environmental Quality and Fish Communities in selected catchment Lake Victoria. The open Environmental Engineering journal Vol. 4, 54-65.
[3]. Ingrid, C., (2005). Current approaches to cyanotoxin risk assessment, risk management and regulation in different countries. Federal Environmental Agency.
[4]. Johnson, T.C., Kelts, K., Odada, E., (2000). The Holocene History of Lake Victoria. Ambio29: 2-11.
[5]. Kelley, L., (2009). Cooperation and competition: Managing Transboundary water Resources in Lake Victoria. Foundation for Environmental security and sustainability.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of socio-economic factors on utilization of research findings in the management of Environment and Fishing Efforts in Kisumu Municipality kenya. The objectives of this study was to determine influence of socioeconomic factors on utilization of research findings and innovation. Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used in this study. Households were the unit of analysis. From a study population of 15,179 households, a minium sample of 384 household heads were used, proportionate sampling and systematic sampling were used to select households according to location of study area. Purposive sampling were also used to get key informants........

KeyWords: Socio economics, Utilization, Research Findings, Fisher folks

[1]. David, D., Angela, H. A., Mark, O. G, Zen-Ichiro, K., Duncan, J. K., Christian, L., Robert, J. N., Ann-Helene, P. R., Doris, S., Melanie, L.J. S., Caroline, A. S., (2006). Fresh Water Biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Cambridge Philosophical Society 81: 163-182.
[2]. Eric, O. O., Daniel, O, O., Kassim, K., Micheni, N., Shem, W., (2004). Mitigation of Environmental Problems in Lake Victoria, East Africa: causal chain and policy option analysis. Royal Swedish academy of science Ambio Vol. 33 No 1-2.
[3]. FAO., (2006). Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization and FAO National Stakeholder's Workshops on Fishing Efforts and capacity on Lake Vctoria. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 817 Rome, FAO 2008. 79p.
[4]. Goteborg University., (2007). Environmental Policy Brief for Lake Victoria Basin.www. Uvb.ac.be/klimonstoolkit/site. 1/4/2014. 2:50pm.
[5]. Johnson, T.C., Kelts, K., Odada, E., (2000). The Holocene History of Lake Victoria. Ambio29 : 2-11.

Abstract: The contamination occurred to the aquatic ecosystem by heavy metals is caused by the discharge of massive amounts of domestic sewage as well as agricultural and industrial effluents. This contamination has been desired a major threat to the aquatic organisms. This study conducted seasonal variation of some heavy metals in the drainage water of random samples from three different drain sites in Dakahlia Governorate to measure the concentration and to assess the accumulation of heavy metals in gill and liver of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) for seasons from the period 2015 to 2016..........

KeyWords: Heavy Metals, Pollution, Catfish, Condition Factors, Accumulation Factors.

[1]. M.M.N. Authman, H. H. Abbas, and W. T. Abbas, (2013): Assessment of metal status in drainage canal water and their bioaccumulation in Oreochromis niloticus fish in relation to human health Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(1), 2013, 891-907.
[2]. D.A. El-Badry, Studies on some Diseases in Catfish (Clarias garirpinus) in Dakahlia Governorate, M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt, 2010.
[3]. M.I. Mashaly, Ecological Impacts on Biodiversity of Helminth Parasites on Certain Cichlid and Clariid Fish in Different Localities at River Nile and Lake Manzala in Egypt, Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt. 2015.
[4]. F. Rohde, R. Arndt, D. Lindquist, and J. Parnell, Freshwater fishes of the Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1994.
[5]. C.R. Kennedy, Freshwater fish parasites and environmental quality: An overview and caution, Parasitologia, 39, 1997, 249-254.

Abstract: In present study an attempt to isolate the starch from Taro (Colocasia esculenta) by adopting standard wet milling extraction process. Isolated starch was then pregelatinized to convert into seven samples of instant starch by autoclaving for different duration ranging from 1hr. to 4hr. with 30 minutes increment span. The seven samples of instant starch so prepared were designated as IS-1, IS-1.5, IS-2, IS-2.5, IS-3, IS-3.5 and IS-4 and isolated taro starch was used as control sample (IS 0). Starch after gelatinization was dried and packed in polyethylene bag. Isolated starch and instant starch samples were analyzed for..............

KeyWords: Amylose content, instant starch, pregelatinization, resistant starch, retrogradation.

[1]. Whistler, Roy Lester, and James N. BeMiller, Carbohydrate chemistry for food scientists. Eagan press, 1997.

[2]. Englyst, Hans N., and John H. Cummings, "Digestion of the polysaccharides of some cereal foods in the human small intestine." The American journal of clinical nutrition 42.5 1985, 778-787.

[3]. Holm, J., et al. "A rapid method for the analysis of starch." Starch‐Stärke38.7, 1986 224-226.

[4]. Englyst, Hans N., and George T. Macfarlane, "Breakdown of resistant and readily digestible starch by human gut bacteria." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37.7, 1986, 699-706.

[5]. Wyatt, Gary M., and Nikki Horn, "Fermentation of resistant food starches by human and rat intestinal bacteria." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 44.3, 1988, 281-288.

Abstract: This work studies the effects of H2SO4, Al2 (SO4) 3, NH4Cl as activating chemicals on the adsorption capacity of activated Palm Kernel Shells (PKN). Proximate analysis was carried out on PKN. Batch mode experiments were employed to study the effects of adsorbent dosage and contact time on PKN for the removal of phosphorus from wastewater. Adsorption equilibrium data were described by Langmuir, Freundlick and Temkin Isotherms using non-linear regression analysis. Statistical modeling via Central Composite Design (CCD) for process optimization was carried out.............

KeyWords: Activating chemicals, phosphorus, adsorption, adsorbent, activated carbon

[1]. Dimple Lakherwal (2014). Adsorption of Heavy Metals: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Development. 4(1), 41-48.
[2]. Joseph T. Nwabanne and Philomena K. Igbokwe (2011) Copper (II) uptake by Adsorption using Palmyra Palm Nut. Advances in Applied Science Research.2(6). 166 – 175.
[3]. Babayemi A.K, Onukwuli O.D (2016). Adsorption Isotherms, Thermodynamics and Statistical Modeling of Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution by Locally Prepared Bio-Sorbent. Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR – JAC). 9(6) ver.II.46-50.
[4]. Nwabanne J.T. (2010). Adsorption and Kinetic Modeling of Heavy Metals Uptake from Wastewater Effluents. Ph.D thesis, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
[5]. Kafia M; Shareef Surchi (2011). Agricultural Wastes as Low Cost Adsorbents for Pb Removal: Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamics. International Journal of Chemistry. Canadian Center of Science and Education. 3(3), p103.s