IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-11 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2017

Abstract: Toxicity of heavy elements like arsenic has become a global concern owing to the increasing contamination of soil, water and crops in many regions of the world including India. Arsenic, known to induce skin lesions, cancers, immune-suppression and other symptomshad been reportedto cause testicular toxicity, leading to cancer, in arsenic-treated male mice in our laboratory. For the treatment perspective, on the other hand, we have focused on the growing serious interest in the studies of probiotics development for the arsenic-toxicity disorders as microorganisms play important roles in the biochemical cycle and arsenic-speciation in different mechanisms (transformation/metabolism.......

Keywords: E. coli, B. subtilis, Field-water isolates, high Arsenic concentration; Arsenic Kit test method; GF-AAS.

[1]. Cullen, W.R. and Reimer, K.J. (1989) Arsenic speciation in the environment. Chem Rev 89, 713–764.
[2]. A. Nath et al (2015); "Effect of Arsenic Toxicity in Testis of Swiss Albino Mice Leading to Low Testosterone and High MDA Level". Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 30(2), January – February 2015; Article No. 10, Pages: 69-73
[3]. Anderson C and Cook GM. 2004. Isolation and characterization of arsenate-reducing bacteria from arsenic contaminated sites in New Zealand. Curr. Microbiol. 48:341-347.
[4]. Mazumdar GDN, Gupta DJ and Santra A. 1997. Non-cancer effects of chronic arsenicosis with special reference to liver damage. In: CO Abernathy, RL Calderon, WR Chappell, eds. Arsenic: Exposure and Health Effects. London: Chapman & Hall. 112-123.
[5]. Tsai SM, Wang TN and Ko YC. 1999. Mortality for certain diseases in areas with high levels of arsenic in drinking water. Arch. Environ. Health. 54: 186–193..

Abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus and Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus pose an important health risk to residents and travelers to southeastern Georgia. There is an increasing threat of introduction of mosquito-borne diseases, such as Zika and dengue virus, into Georgia where susceptible mosquito species are present. A field trial of the ProVector Tube Applicator with Entobac D pesticide was conducted to determine if the system was effective in reducing mosquito populations in Dooly County, located in southeastern Georgia. Prior to placement of the ProVector Tube with Entobac D Pesticide, there was not a significant difference in mean number of mosquitoes. The test site had a significantly lowe mean number of mosquitoes than the control site (p<0.05) after two and four weeks . Providing effective, inexpensive, safe and eco-friendly tools for officials and homeowners is necessary in the event local mosquito control is poorly funded.

Keywords: public health, Zika, pesticide, vector control, malaria

[1]. Buckner EA, Blackmore MS, Golladay SW, & Covich AP (2011). Weather and landscape factors associated with adult mosquito abundance in southwestern georgia, U.S.A. J Vect Ecol 36: 269-78.

[2]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). Under case counts of arboviruses for 2013 through 2017. https://www.cdc.gov. [3]. Gray EW; Harrison BA; Womack ML; Kerce J; Neely CJ; Noblet R (2005). Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus (Theobald) in Georgia and North Carolina. J Am Mosq Cont Assoc. 21: 144-146.
[4]. Kollars TM, PG Kollars, B Hulsey (2016) Reducing the risk to marine ports from invasive mosquito species, Zika, dengue, chikungunya viruses and filariasis. Intl J Med. 4:70-73...

Abstract: Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) of RSPM, SPM, SO2 and NOx from January to December were carried out at Indian Veterinary Research Institute (I.V.R.I), Izatnagar and Petrol Pump, Civil lines, Bareilly, India over a period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017. The maximum 2W count was varying from 1200– 1800 VPH (Vehicles per Hour) at IVRI institute and 1600–2400 VPH at Petrol Pump during the peak traffic hours i.e., 08:00-11:00 h and 18:00-20:00 h during all the months from January to December. Emission factors were found to be maximum during early morning and late night when vehicular density was minimum and found to be minimum during maximum traffic hours. RSPM and SPM concentrations were varying from 150–350 and 250–450 μg/m3, respectively, in all the seasons, which was exceeding the National ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) of 100 and 300 μg/m3, respectively. However, SO2 and NOx concentrations were ranging from 5–17 and 15–35 μg/m3, respectively, found to.

Keywords: CALINE4, Emission inventory, ISCST3, NOx, RSPM, SO2, SPM, Vehicular count

[1]. Gurjar, B.R., Butler, T.M., Lawrence, M.G. and Lelieveld, J., Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities, Atmospheric
Environment, 42, 2008, 1593–1606.
[2]. Baldasano, J.M., Valera, E. and Jimenez, P., Air quality data from large cities, The Science of the Total Environment, 307, 2003,
141–165.
[3]. Dubey, B., Pal, A.K. and Singh, G., Assessment of Vehicular Pollution in Dhanbad City Using CALINE 4 Model, International
Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3, 2013, 156–164.
[4]. Sharma, N., Chaudhry, K.K. and Rao, C.V.C., Vehicular pollution modelling in India, Journal of the Institution of Engineers
(India), 85, 2005, 46–63.
[5]. Goyal, P., Jaiswal, N., Kumar, A., Dadoo, J.K. & Dwarakanath, M., Air quality impact assessment of NOx and PM due to diesel
vehicles in Delhi, Transportation Research Part D, 15, 2010, 298–303..

Abstract: This study was carried out to specifically examine the relationship between physico-legal characteristics of buildings and the level of compliance with building Laws in urban Calabar. The type of data utilized in this study, were based on the based on the physico-legal characteristics of buildings in the study area in relation to the level of compliance with the building regulation, based on these physical and legal characteristics. Data relevant to this study were obtained through direct measurement of the physical characteristics of the buildings, The Cross River State Building Law of 1984 as amended in 1987 and questionnaires issued to owners of buildings. The physical variables included Housing Density, Building Supervisor Competence, Age of Building........

Keywords: Urban Calabar, Physico-Legal Characteristic, Planning Law, Building Law

[1]. Cross River State Building Law of 1984 as Amended in 1987.
[2]. Ebong, M. O. (1983) The Perception Of Residential Quality: A Case Study Calabar, Nigeria. Third World Planning Review, 5(3), 273-285.
[3]. Jiboye A (2008) A Study of Public Housing Satisfaction in Lagos, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
[4]. National Population Commission (NPC) Census and Housing Report, (2006).
[5]. Offiong V. (2007). Promoting Environmental Law Consciousness within residential district in Calabar Journal of Law and Diplomacy Vol. No. 1 International Research and Development Institute.

Abstract: An experiment was conducted in the years 2011 and 2012 to investigate the effects of some herbicides on weed control in garlic. This experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Tehran province. In each replication, 8 treatments including weeding control, oxyfluorfen at doses of 2, 1.5 and 0.75 + 0.75 liters per hectare (in two leaves of garlic) and Pendimethalin in pre-emergence and post-emergence (3 liters per hectare ) And oxadiazon (3 liters per hectare), and ioxynil + Haloxyfop-R methyl ester (0.75 ± 0.2 liters per hectare of garlic). In terms of yield, oxadiazon herbicides, oxyfluorfen 0.75 + 0.75 and pre-emergence............

Keywords: Ioxynil, Oxadiazon, Oxyfluorfen, Pendimethalin, Plant injury.

[1] J.P Gilreath, MS Bielinski, PR Gilreath and DN Maynard, Efficacy of early post-transplant herbicides in leeks (Allium porrum L.), Crop protection, 27, 2008,47-850.
[2] FAOSTAT, FAO Statistical Databases (United Nations), 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.faostat.fao.org. [Accessed oct, 2014].
[3] RA Boydston, and MD Seymour, Volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosum) control with herbicides and cultivation in onion (Allium cepa), Weed Technology, 16, 2002, 620–626.
[4] T Mehmood, KM Khokhar, and M Shakeel, Integrated weed management practices in garlic crop in Pakistan, Crop Protection, 26, 2007, 1031 – 1035.
[5] DI Adekpe, JAY Shebayan, UF Chiezey and S Miko, Yield responses of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to oxadiazon, date of planting and intra-row spacing under irrigation at Kadawa, Nigeria, Crop Protection, 26, 2007, 1785 – 1789...

Abstract: This study examined the participation of adjoining communities in forest management activities in Afi and Mbe mountains in Cross River State towards the conservation of forest resources in the area. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 392 household heads and 88 key stakeholders involving community chiefs, leaders of associations, women and youth groups in Afi and Mbe mountains. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive likert scale rating and inferential statistics. Atleast 97.1% of the respondents in both communities were fully aware of forest benefits except in enhancing soil fertility for farmlands which 97% were ignorant. There was good participation in forest management practices in both communities except in afforestation which was embraced 100% in Afi due to the land degradation effects of a landslide but 75.2% of Mbe people refrained as the community............

Keywords: community participation, forest resources management, adjourning communities, Afi and Mbe mountains

[1]. Adams, M. A (2010). Analysis of primary stakeholders' participation in Forest Resources Management: The case of the Krokosua hills forest reserve, Ghana.
[2]. Agbor, C. O. (2003). An Ecological Basis for the Management of Afi Mountains Wildlife Sanctuary, Cross River State. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan. Pp. 119 - 210. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 3(12):486-492.
[3]. Ajake A.O and Anyandike R.N.C. (2012). Assessment of forest management institutions and their initiatives in the Rainforest Community of Cross river State, Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Geology Vol 4, N0 1.
[4]. Dalton R.J.(2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56:76–98.
[5]. De Meo I., Paletto A., Cantiani M.G., 2015. The attractiveness of forests: preferences and perceptions in a mountains community in Italy. Ann. For. Res. 58(1):145-156...

Abstract: An investigation was carried out on the microbiological and physicochemical qualities of Rivers Goneewa and Oortee in Yorkwiri-Boue Community in Ogoniland, Rivers State. The Rivers were in proximity with farms applied with inorganic (chemical) fertilizer, Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK). The qualities of the Rivers were assessed using standard methods for the determination of the level of pollution as well as anthropogenic activities (inorganic fertilizers). Samples taken from the Rivers were subjected to some physicochemical analyses like pH, DO, BOD, Hardness, temperature, sulphate, phosphate, Turbidity, electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, nitrate, ammonia, etc.Rivers Goneewa and Oortee had mean bacterial counts of 9.0x104cfu/ml and 5.9x104 cfu/ml respectively. The total coliform counts were higher in River Goneewa with 55 MPN Index/100ml while River Oortee had 33 MPN Index/100ml. The total thermotolerant coliorm for both Rivers was 6 MPN Index/100ml............

Keywords:Rivers Goneewa and Oortee, water quality, bacteria, fungi

[1]. AOAC (2000). Method of Analysis 14th edn, Association of official Analytical chemists, Arington, VA., 503 – 515.
[2]. Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. (1999) The nature and properties of soils. 12th edition .. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, inc. 881
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[4]. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1993). Report of Tax Force on Guide Standard and Protocol for testing of Microbiological water purifiers. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2: 1-29.
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Abstract: Stack and ambient air quality monitoring studies were carried out for individual and clusters brick kilns and data was used for air dispersion modeling. Gaussian model was used to calculate the concentration of suspended particulate matter at ground level. The modeling was carried out assuming highly unstable conditions in day time (at 14.30 PM) and the night time modeling was carried out assuming highly stable conditions (at 2.30 AM). The results of modeling for ground level concentration (GLC) were utilized for developing the criteria for installation of new brick kilns in Uttar Pradesh, India. Different distances for orchard, hospital and school, buildings, residential area PWD road, National highway etc. were recommended for installation of new brick kilns. To reduce the ill effect of stack emission, on the buildings, human health, flora and fauna, good house keeping practices have also been proposed.

Keywords: Brick kiln, suspended particulate matter, pollution, ground level concentration, stack, ambient air quality, emission standards

[1]. Aslam, M. Minocha, A.K. Srivastava, R.S. and Kalra, P.D. May 1992. Environmental Pollution from Building Material Industries in India. World Building Congress, Montreal, Canada.
[2]. Aslam. M. 1993. Environmental concerns in Building Industry. Bricks & Tiles News (Annual), pp 33-39.
[3]. Aslam, M. Stivastava. R.S., Minocha. A.K. and Gupta, R.G. 1994. Air Pollution hazards from brick kilns, J. Institution of Engineers, Envionr. Engg. Division, 74, pp 24.26.
[4]. Jain, Neeraj, Minocha, A. K. and Singh Jaswinder, May 2010. Ent Bhatto Se Utpan Paryavaraniya Pradushan, Dushprabhav avam Niyantran Prodyyogiki In: "Rashtriya Sangosthi-2010 on Nirman Samagriya: Vision 2030" (In Hindi) Organized by CRRI, New Delhi, CBRI, Roorkee, AMPRI, Bhopal at CRRI, New Delhi, 12th -13th May 2010.
[5]. Minocha, A.K. Minocha, Verma, C.L., Singh Jaswinder and Jain Neeraj. 2001. Environmental Aspects of Brick Industry in India. J. Ins. Public Health Engineers, No.2 (April-June), 52-64..

Abstract: Spodoptera litura F. is one of a pest insect species in cultivated plants, including the Brassica juncea L. The control management of this species could be done by using bioinsecticide. In this research, bioinsecticide tested for toxicity to Spodoptera litura F. are methanolic extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus L. Kurz concentrations of 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16%. This research used a complete randomized non-factorial design. The toxicity of this extract was observed for 24 hours period by counting the number of instar II larvae that dead after having treatment. The data was analyzed by using Analysis of Variance and LSD test. The result of statistical analysis showed that the methanol extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus L. Kurz leaf is a strong toxicant to instar II larvae of Spodoptera litura F.

Keywords: Bioinsecticide, Rhinacanthus nasutus, Spodoptera litura.

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