IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2018

Abstract: This study was carried out to examine the spatial compliance with the least observed provision of the Building Law among owners of Buildings across the residential district of Calabar Metropolis in Cross River State. The major types of data collected by the researcher for the study were data on the physical variables of Buildings provided for under the Cross River State Building Law of 1984 as amended in 1987 and data elicited from questionnaires issued to owners of the Buildings. The physical variables included the Building line, Ceiling height, Building Plan, Set Back, Building size restrictions, Size of living room, Height of ground floor, Ventilation, Space around building and Corridor dimension, all legal requirements under the extant Law...............

Keywords: Calabar Built-Up Areas, Spatial Compliance, Compliance Classification, Planning Law/Building Law, Quantitative Judgment, Legal Practitioner.

[1]. Cross River State Building Law of 1984 as Amended in 1987.
[2]. Ebong, M. O. (1983) The Perception Of Residential Quality: A Case Study Calabar, Nigeria. Third World Planning Review, 5(3), 273-285.
[3]. Offiong V. (2007).Promoting Environmental Law Consciousness within residential district in Calabar Journal of Law and Diplomacy Vol. No. 1 International Research and Development Institute.
[4]. Sule.O. (2003). Fundamentals of Metropolis Planning: Theory and Practice in Nigeria: Baaj International, Lagos.
[5]. Oloyede, S. (2016). Tackling causes of frequent building collapse in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 3, No.3.Canadian Center of Science and Education.

Abstract: This study dealt with the removal of As(V) by a clay sample (KO2) from Burkina Faso, and two sodic and protonic Y type zeolite samples. The clay sample contained both kaolinite and illite phases. The kinetic study exhibited that adsorption was significantly faster for zeolites than for clay sample because of ease of access to porosity. The role of extra-framework Na+ cation in the restriction of As(V) to zeolite porosity was also highlighted. Despite differences in adsorption kinetics adsorption capacities were fairly close for the studied samples. The concentration of active site on the clay surface was higher than the concentration of active sites in zeolites micropores. Framework aluminol groups were mainly involved in As(V) complexation by zeolites.

Keywords: clay, zeolite, As(V), removal, water, Burkina Faso.

[1]. A. Dutta, M. Chaudhuri, Removal of arsenic from groundwater by lime softening with powdered coal additive, Aqua 40 (1991) 25-29.
[2]. M. F. Hughes, Arsenic toxicity and potential mechanisms of action, Toxicology letter, 1 (133) (2002) 1-16.
[3]. I. Holmquist, Occupational arsenical dermatitis, a study among employees at a copper ore smelting work including investigations of skin reactions to contact with arsenic compounds, Acta Derm. Venereol 31 (1951) 211-214.
[4]. M. D. Guhamazumder, Chronic arsenic toxicity: clinical features, epidemiology, and treatment: experience in West Bengal, Journal of Environmental Science and health, Part A, 38 (2003) 141-163.
[5]. R. C. Kaltreider, J. W. Hamilton, Arsenic alters the function of the glucocorticoid receptor as a transcription factor, Environ. Health Perspect. (2001) 245-251..

Abstract: Malaria claims thousands of lives in Kenya is the third leading cause of mortality in the country. The country is divided into four major malaria region. Vihiga County is an endemic malaria region. The county is found along the equator that registers high temperatures and with many rivers that form vast wetlands providing an ambient environment for mosquitos breeding and maturity. However, the impact of changing climate to increasing malaria prevalence in the region has received little attention. Mosquitos are temperature sensitive, and high temperatures accelerate their breeding. The purpose of this study was to link the changes in climate trends to increased malaria prevalence in the region. Primary and secondary methods were used in data collection. The questionnaires, interviews, content analysis and focused group discussion (FGD). Theofficers in charge of health centers, nurses, doctors and household.........

Keywords:Malaria, climate change, vector borne disease.

[1] Amboko, B. I., Ayieko, P., Ogero, M., Julius, T., Irimu, G., & English, M. (2016). Malaria investigation and treatment of children admitted to county hospitals in western Kenya. Malaria Journal, 151-9
[2] Amegah, A. K., Rezza, G., &Jaakkola, J. J. (2016). Temperature-related morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Environment International, 91133-149
[3] Cairns, M. E., Walker, P. T., Okell, L. C., Griffin, J. T., Garske, T., Asante, K. P., & ... Milligan, P. J. (2015). Seasonality in malaria transmission: implications for case-management with long-acting artemisinin combination therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria Journal, 14(1), 1-13
[4] Craig H., Snow R. & Le Sueur D. (1999). A climate based distribution model for malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasitology Today 15, 105-111.
[5] Ebi, K. L., Kovats, R. S., &Menne, B. (2006). An Approach for Assessing Human Health Vulnerability and Public Health Interventions to Adapt to Climate Change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(12), 1930-1934.

Abstract: Stone crusher units generate a considerable amount of micro-fine and airborne dust particles at the source which causes detrimental effects on people and the environment including flora and fauna. These rock fines contain minor to traces of elements locked in the silicate structures which are insoluble in water. Weathering by carbonation process has been made to use crusher dust as a supplement of fertilizer by conversion of silicate rock fines into clay minerals. In the present study, the weathered crusher dust as a source of mineral fertilizer has been used as a substrate for the growth of plants such as Oryza sativa L. and Zea mays L. Pot experiments have been conducted on control soil with the admixture of crusher dust and weathered crusher dust (mineral fertilizer) in different weight proportion. No visible symptoms of phytotoxicity are observed in any treatments. The findings of this study open up new opportunities for utilization of crusher dust as a source of mineral fertilizer for plant growth.

Keywords: Chlorophyll, Crusher Dust, Sustainable utilization.

[1] M A, Environmental management scenario in stone crusher industry sector and cleaner production possibilities, TERI Information Monitor on Environment Science 6, 2001, 83- 92.
[2] Excutive summary of the Report on the state Environment, "Status of environment in West Bengal", PartII. Vectors of Environmental Impacts, The Department of environment Government of West Bengal in September, 1998, 23, 763-769.
[3] Semban T and Chandrashekhar S, Impact of crusher pollution on workers in Trichy. Environment and People 7, publication society for Environment and Education, 2000.
[4] Das D K. and Nandi A, Health Hazard in Stone quarries and Crushers. Science and Technology Project, Govt. of India, NISM, Kolkata. 2002,
[5] Agrawal M and Agrawal S B, Phytomonitoring of air pollution around a thermal power plant. Atmos Environ., (1989) 23, 763.

Abstract: This study examined the participation of adjoining communities in forest management activities in Afi and Mbe mountains in Cross River State. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 392 household heads and 88 key stakeholders involving community chiefs, leaders of associations, women and youth groups in Afi and Mbe mountains. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive likert scale rating and inferential statistics. Atleast 97.1% of the respondents in both communities were fully aware of forest benefits except in enhancing soil fertility for farmlands which 97% were ignorant. There was good participation in forest management practices in both communities except in afforestation which was embraced 100% in Afi due to the land degradation effects of a landslide but 75.2% of Mbe people refrained as the community-based approach supported protection to forest resources. The bottom-up community-based forest management approach in Mbe mountain supported a higher degree............

Keywords: community participation, forest resources management, adjourning communities, Afi and Mbe mountains

[1]. Adams, M. A (2010). Analysis of primary stakeholders' participation in Forest Resources Management: The case of the Krokosua hills forest reserve, Ghana.
[2]. Agbor, C. O. (2003). An Ecological Basis for the Management of Afi Mountains Wildlife Sanctuary, Cross River State. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 3(12):486-492.
[3]. Ajake A.O and Anyandike R.N.C. (2012). Assessment of forest management institutions and their initiatives in the Rainforest Community of Cross river State, Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Geology Vol 4, N0 1.
[4]. Dalton R.J.(2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56:76–98.
[5]. De Meo I., Paletto A., Cantiani M.G., 2015. The attractiveness of forests: preferences and perceptions in a mountains community in Italy. Ann. For. Res. 58(1):145-156..

Abstract: The study aims to predicting soil erosion risk in Mubi South catchment area with the aid of RMMF model and Geospatial techniques. In this study, the data used are; land use land cover map derived from Satellite data of 2016. The soil map produced from FAO soil map. The slope map was derived from ASTER GDEM data. The rainfall map was derived from 2016 rainfall data of Nigeria and mask to the watershed area. The RMMFM parameters such as; annual rainfall, soil moisture content at field capacity; agricultural capacity and laboratory capacity, flow accumulation, flow direction, bulk density, effective hydrological soil depth, soil detachability index, ground cover, NDVI, crop cover management factor, slope, interception capacity, canopy cover, soil resistivity, ratio to actual and potential evapotranspiration, surface runoff overland flow and total energy of effective rainfall.............

Keywords: Soil, Erosion, Risk, RMMFM and Geospatial Techniques

[1]. Adebayo, A. A. and Tukur, A. L. (1999). Adamawa State in Maps, 1st Ed., Yola: Paraclete Publishers. P. 8.
[2]. Adebayo, A. A. (2004). Mubi Region: A geographical synthesis (lst Eds). Paraclete Publishers, Yola-Nigeria: 32-38.
[3]. Aduayi, E. A., Chude, V. O., Adebusuyi, B. A. and Olayiwola, S. O. (2002). Fertilizer use and Management Practices for Crops in Nigeria (3rd Ed.), Federal Ferti1izer Department, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria, Garko International Limited.
[4]. Agboola, S. A. (1979). An Agricultural Atlas of Nigeria Agriculture, Land Use and Regions. Oxford University press: 195-206.
[5]. Albert, A. A., Samson, A. A., Peter, O. O. and Olufunmilayo, A. O. (2006). An Assessment of the Socio Economic Impacts of Soil Erosion in South-Eastern Nigeria, Shaping the Change, XXIII FIG Congress Munich, Germany, pp. 12...

Abstract: Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de la valorisation de l'extrait éthanolique, méthanolique et aqueux des feuilles du Globularia alypum (G.a) de la région de Zaghouan en tant qu'antioxydant et antibactérien. Les méthodes appliquées pour mesurer l'activité antioxydante sont la DPPH et la β-carotène, tandis que pour l'activité antimicrobienne est la méthode de diffusion en milieu solide. Les résultats ont révélé que les différents extraits des feuilles de G.a sont dotés d'une teneur assez élevée en polyphénols (qui varient entre 180,5 et 144 mg EAG/g ms), en flavonoïdes (entre 20,7 et 12.3 mg CE/g ms) et en anthocyanines (entre 10,5 et 6,5 mg E Cy/g ms). L'étude de l'activité antioxydante par la méthode de β-carotène révèle que tous les extraits des feuilles de G.a présentent une capacité antioxydante plus importante.............

Keywords: activité antimicrobienne, activité antioxydante, Globularia alypum L, polyphénols

[1]. Quezel et Santa .,Nouvelles Flore de l'Algérie et des regions désertiques méridionales, centre National de la recherche scientifique (Ed) 15, quasi Anatole-France- Paris 7e 1962), 636.
[2]. Jouad, H. Maghrani, M., Eddouks, M. Hypoglycaemic effect of Rubus fructicosis L.and Globularia alypum L. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 81 (2), 2002, 351-356.
[3]. Skim, F. Kaaya, A. Jaouhari, TJ. Lazrek, HB. Jana ,M. El Amri, H. Hypoglycaemic activity of Globularia alypum leaves in rats. Fitoterapia.70, 1999, 382-389.
[4]. Bellakhdar, J. Claisse, R. Fleurentin ,J. Younos C. Repertory of Standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoea. J.Ethnopharmacol , 35 (2) 1991, 123-43.
[5]. Sijelmassi , A. 1993. Les plantes médicinales du Maroc, Le Fennec (3ème Edition) (Casablanca, 1993) 285...

Abstract: Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are more promising source of energy today and it should be cheaper and more efficient. The extended version of MFC is Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFC). The construction and analysis of PMFC requires knowledge of different scientific and engineering fields, ranging from microbiology, electrochemistry to materials and engineering. The also PMFC depends on various factors like microorganism ,electrode materials, pH value of the soil, photo synthesis, solar radiation, type of plant, temperature, etc. to produce electricity. The present study was done with two plants namely Aloe Vera and Pandanus amaryllifolius which are growing in Asian and in East Asian countries abundantly. The output voltages produced by these two plants were compared along with their response to solar radiation and type of electrode. The correlation with them was studied for a period of 14 days by keeping the other influencing parameters constant. It has been found that Pandanus amaryllifolius with graphite felt under direct sunlight generates better voltage than Aloe Vera under the same study conditions..

Keywords: aloe vera, graphite, microorganism, pandanus amaryllifolius, solar radiation

[1]. Zahra Ghassemi and Gymama Slaughter, Biological Fuel Cells and Membranes, Membranes 2017; 10.3390/membranes7010003;
[2]. Timmers, R. A. Electricity generation by living plants in a plant microbial fuel cell. Wageningen: Wageningen University. (2012).
[3]. Strik DPBTB, Hamelers HVM, Snel JFH, Buisman CJN. Green electricity production with living plants and bacteria in a fuel cell. Int J Energy Res, 32, 2008, 870–6
[4]. Timmers RA, Strik DPBTB, Hamelers HVM, Buisman CJN. Electricity generation by a novel design tubular plant microbial fuel cell. Biomass Bioenergy, 51, 2013, 60–7.
[5]. Helder M, Strik DPBTB, Timmers RA, Raes SMT, Hamelers HVM, Buisman CJN. Resilience of roof-top plant-microbial fuel cells during Dutch winter. Biomass Bioenergy, 51, 2013, 1–7....

Abstract: The green open space in the urban area is diminishing, this situation will cause increased concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease the concentration of oxygen in the air. In order to prevent this condition from happening or at least be offset, a sufficient amount of green open space is needed so that the amount of carbon-absorbing vegetation is proportional to the amount of air pollutants, so the quality of the environment is well preserved. The benefits of green vegetation in the open space that is as producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. Plants require carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients and sunlight for their survival. Plants convert carbon dioxide and water with the aid of sunlight (as a source of energy) to carbohydrates, oxygen, and water. These carbohydrates are stored in stems, leaves, flowers, twigs, and fruits, so that the carbon stored in plants (vegetation) can describe the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by vegetation..

Keywords: carbon, green open space, vegetation, absorption, forest

[1]. Statistics Center, 2012. Statistics of the City of Banda Aceh.
[2]. Transportation Department. 2015. https://www.google.com/#q=peningkatankendaraan+bermotor+di+banda+aceh+tahun+2015. Retrieved12 December 2017.
[3]. Hairiah, K danRahayu, S. 2007. Carbon Measures Stored in Various Land Use. World Agroforestry CentreICRAF Southeast Asia Regional OfficeBogor.
[4]. Hidayat, M. 2013. Stock Carbon at BNI City Forest Plantation in Banda Aceh City. Proceeding. National Biology Seminar.
[5]. Mega, L. Kirsfianti, L. G. Ari, W. Afiefah, B. danTian, P. 2011. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Measurement of Carbon Stock in Conservation Area. Center for Climate Change Research and Development and Policy Agency for Forestry Research and Development, Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia Cooperation With International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) Bogor...

Abstract: The implication of solid waste disposal and its leachate on soil quality is gaining importance worldwide due to seepage of heavy metals from the waste heaps into the soil strata affecting the soil physico-chemical properties. Heavy metals from landfill wastes eventually bio-accumulate into the food-chain affecting the higher trophic levels in an ecosystem. Since the top – soils are considered a productive layer for crop growth it has become an important aspect in terms of soil contamination studies. The present paper is an attempt to study the implication of MSW disposal on soil and the seasonal variations in soil heavy metal concentrations in an active dumpsite since two decades. In the present study the dumpsite soil samples were analyzed for Fe, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd which revealed higher metal levels in pre-monsoon than in post-monsoon. The mean concentrations of heavy metal sequence in soil...........

Keywords: Heavy metals, Municipal Solid Waste dumpsite soil, Seasonal variations, AAS, Correlation

[1]. Kebir, T., Bouhadjera, K.,. Heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils and accumulation in plants growing near of dumpsite of Ghazaouet (West Algeria). International Journal of Current Research, 2(2), 2011, 042 – 049
[2]. Ibitoye.A.A Laboratory manual on basic methods in plant analysis. Concept IT and Educational Consults, Akure, Nigeria. 2005.
[3]. Karbasi, A.,. Review and access to biological origin of heavy elements in soil Heights North West of Tehran, Environmental Science and Technology. 11(3), 2004, 30-40
[4]. Alloway, B.J., Ayres, D.C.,. Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution, Second Edition, Blackie Academic and Professional, Chapman and Hall, London, 190-24, 19972.
[5]. Ademoronti, CMA.,. Bio-accumulation of Heavy Metal in some Mangrove Fauna and Flora. In: Environmental Chemistry and Toxicological Consultancy, Benin, 180–18, 1990, 2....

Abstract: The enzymatic hydrolysate of walnut proteins Isolate was prepared by incubation with three different proteases, including pepsin, papain, and trypsin, Allhydrolysates showed different degrees of hydrolysis (DH), papain enzyme showed a higher hydrolytic activity followed by pepsin hydrolysate, Then trypsin enzyme that shows lowest. The hydrolysates were found to possess excellent antioxidant properties , papain exhibited a higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity 16.7% at 120 minute , the lowest level by trypsin hydrolysate 4.3% at 15 minute , pepsin exhibited a higher Fe2+ ion-chelating activity for hydrolysate walnut protein isolate 55.6% at 120 minutes while the lowest for trypsin 20.4 % at 15 minutes, higher reducing power was 0.31 nm for walnut protein isolate hydrolysate by pepsin at 180 minutes while lowest absorbance was 0.14 nm for walnut protein isolate hydrolysate by trypsin at 15 minutes.

Keywords:Heavy metals, Municipal Solid Waste dumpsite soil, Seasonal variations, AAS, Correlation

[1]. [X.-Y. Mao and Y.-F. Hua, "Chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, secondary structure and effect of NaCl on functional properties of walnut (Juglans regia L) protein isolates and concentrates," J. Food Sci. Technol., vol. 51, no. August, pp. 1473–1482, 2012.
[2]. R. Blomhoff, M. H. Carlsen, L. F. Andersen, and D. R. Jacobs, "Health benefits of nuts: Potential role of antioxidants," Br. J. Nutr., vol. 96, no. SUPPL. 2, pp. 52–60, 2006.
[3]. L. Davis et al., "The effects of high walnut and cashew nut diets on the antioxidant status of subjects with metabolic syndrome," Eur. J. Nutr., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 155–164, 2007.
[4]. C. M. Albert, J. M. Gaziano, W. C. Willet, J. E. Manson, and C. H. Hennekens, "Nut consumption and decreased risk of sudden cardiac death in the physicians' health study," Arch. Intern. Med., vol. 162, pp. 1382–1387, 2002.
[5]. S. Su, Y. Wan, S. Guo, C. Zhang, T. Zhang, and M. Liang, "Effect of peptide-phenolic interaction on the antioxidant capacity of walnut protein hydrolysates," Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., pp. 1–8, 2017...