IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2018

Abstract: It is important to figure out the relevance of terrain model in ascertaining the water flow in steeplands and sloppy catchment or watershed. If the slope is undulating then the digital elevation model DEM can be determined through the satellite images data. The resolutions depend upon the type of satellite image used. For the purpose of this study, ASTER DEM with 30 meters resolution was used. The SWAT extension of ArcGIS has been applied to develop the model from the mask to produce animated flood risk model in the catchment area of Kuala Terengganu Malaysia. ArcSWAT software is used to determine the Hydrologic Respond Units (HRUs) and the total delineated watershed. The output is the model of areas liable to be occupied by flood especially if the river flow increases with certain meters above sea-level or water volume rises within the catchment for obvious reasons of climatic changes and monsoonal rainfall. The model validation can display different flood risk zones for planning and mitigation.

Keywords: 3d, Simulation, Swat, Model, Catchment

[1]. Acreman, M. C., Riddington, R., & Booker, D. J. (2003). Hydrological impacts of floodplain restoration: a case study of the River Cherwell, UK. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 7(1), 75–85.
[2]. Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., & Williams, J. R. (1998). Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development1. Wiley Online Library.
[3]. Blake, R., Khanbilvardi, R., & Rosenzweig, C. (2000). Climate change impacts on New York City's water supply system. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36(2), 279–292.
[4]. Bronstert, A. (2003). Floods and climate change: interactions and impacts. Risk Analysis, 23(3), 545–557.
[5]. Bubeck, P., Botzen, W. J. W., & Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2012). A review of risk perceptions and other factors that influence flood mitigation behavior. Risk Analysis, 32(9), 1481–1495.

Abstract: Study of bird diversity or occurrence of certain birds in the region would be tools to know about the ecology of that region, Some bird species are endemic to the region; any climatic minor change may affect its population and distribution. Ceylon frog mouth is first reported in the Sri-Lanka ; then it is reported to the Western Ghats of Kerala and Tamil-Nadu. It is one of the least known birds specis of the ever green forest biotope of the Western Ghats (Sugathans 1978). First time we have reported Ceylon frogmouth in Amaba reserve forest, it is a part of Western Ghats. For exploration of study area we had arranged many visits and in December 2016. We got success to extend distributional rang of Sri Lanka frogmouth up to Amba.

[1]. Ali, S. (1935). The ornithology of Travancore and Cochin (with notes by Hugh Whistler) - part 1. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society37(4): 814–843.

[2]. Ali, S. & S.D. Ripley (1983). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan together with those of Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.Vol 4, Frogmouths to Pittas (Second Edition). Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 267pp. [3]. Barve , S ( 2010) Indian Birds Vol. 5 No. 6 (Publ. 6th May 2010)

[4]. BOSAKOWSY4, T., R. SPEISER, AND D.C. SMITH. 1989. Nesting ecology of forest-dwelling Great Horned Owls, Bubo virginianus, in the eastern deciduous forest biome. Can. Field-Nat. 103:65-69. --AND D.C. SMITH. 1992. Comp

[5]. Borges, R. (1986). On the occurrence of the Ceylon Frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger) in North Kanara, Karnataka. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 83(1): 200.

Abstract: The issue of flood disaster in the tropicl environment is paramount coupled with the recent trend in climate disparisties. This study is concerned with the area around the Peninsular Malaysia; Kuala Terengganu. The coastal areas are experiencing flash flood during the heave monsoon. The application of Georaphic information system has proven to identify the flood risk zones at different degree of visualization. The ArcGIS 10.3, ArcSWAT 2012 and ArcScene 10.3 has been used to developed simulation and 3D modeling of the watershed. The elevation data was obtianed from ASTER DEM with high resolution for determining the slope and water flow. The model is use for flood risk zoning , animation, as well as mitigation for the future flood occurrences.

Keywords: 3D, Subbasins , Flood, Modeling , GIS

[1]. Abd Manap, M., Firuz Ramli, M., & Redzwan, G. (2009). The application of digital elevation model for the interpretation of Klang Valley geological structure. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 18(5), 504–510.
[2]. Ahmad, M., Zani, N. M., & Hashim, K. F. (2015). Knowledge sharing behavior among flood victims in Malaysia. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(3), 968–976.
[3]. Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., & Williams, J. R. (1998a). Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: model development. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34(1), 73–89.
[4]. Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., & Williams, J. R. (1998b). Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development1. Wiley Online Library.
[5]. Arnold, J. G., Williams, J. R., Srinivasan, R., King, K. W., & Griggs, R. H. (1994). SWAT: soil and water assessment tool. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX

Abstract: Butters were produced from blends of peanut, crayfish and ginger to formulate samples A, (100% peanut), sample B (90 peanut:10% ginger), sample C (80% peanut:10% crayfish) and sample D (70% peanut::20% crayfish:10% ginger). The 100% peanut butter served as the control. The effects of the substitution on storage for 12 weeks at ambient conditions were investigated. Pure peanut butter had higher initial bacterial and fungal counts of 2.7x103Cfu/g and 2.6x102Cfu/g respectively, which steadily decreased with storage time. With the addition of ginger, the bacterial and fungal counts were initially 1.5x103Cfu/g and 1.4x102Cfu/g respectively, at the end of 12 weeks of storage the values decreased to 0.8x103 Cfu/g and 0.4x102 Cfu/g respectively. Similar trends were observed when crayfish was added...........

Keywords: Butter, Crayfish, Ginger, Peanut, Stability, Storage.

[1] S.M.ASamah and E.E. Fyka.(2004). Fortification of fried potato chips with antioxidant vitamins to enhance their nutritional value and storage ability. Grasas y Aceites, Vol. 55. Fasc. 4, 434-443
[2] C.F.Hammer, K.A. CarsonandT.V.Riley. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plants extracts. J. Appl. Microbiology; 86:985-990
[3] J.Varga, J.CFrisvad and R.A.Samson. (2012). Two new aflatoxin producing species and an Anthony verview of Aspergillus section Flavi. Studies in Mycology, 69:57-80
[4] V.N.Atasie, T.F.Akinhanmi, C.C.Ojiodu. (2009). Proximate analysis and pysico-chemical properties of groundnut (Arachishyppogae L.). Pak. J. Nutr. 8 (2): 194-197
[5] S.I.Ageena, M.G Hindiand,A.A. Yahya. (2009). Effect of some ethanolic plant extract on the inhibition of some type of pathogenic bacteria and causing spoilage of food. Iraqi journal of market research and consumer protection, 1(2): 1-14.

Abstract: Brinjal is an important vegetable crop of India and accounted for 9 per cent of the total vegetable production in the country. The present study was conducted during the year 2014-15 in the Belagavi district of Karnataka with the objective to study the perception of farmers and consumers on health hazards due to pesticide use. The study was based on primary data obtained from brinjal growing farmers. Brinjal fruit and shoot borer was one of the most important insects causing yield loss in brinjal in the study area. Organophosphates, AnthralinicDiamides, Carbamates, Spinosyns, Organochlorines, Benzene Dicarboxamides, Benzoylureas, Pyrethroids, and fungicides were major groups of pesticide used by farmers in the study area.

Keywords: High yielding variety, fruit and shoot borer in brinjal, willingness to pay.

[1]. Anonymous, Horticulture statistics Karnataka state at a glance, Department of Horticulture, Government of Karnataka,2013. [2]. Anonymous,Indian Horticulture Database, National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Gurgaon,2013.
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[4]. S. Dasgupta, C. Meisner, and Mainul-huq, Health effects and pesticide perception as determinants of pesticide use: Evidence from Bangladesh. WPS3776, 2006,The World Bank.
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Abstract: The world has been feeling the decline in coal production over the years. According to Araújo et.al, the world supply of coal in 2013 did not show significant growth compared to the year 2012. Five countries had increased production: Australia (10.9%), Indonesia (9.1%), Brazil (11.7%), Canada (4.0%) and China, which remain at the same level of 2012, with an increase of only 0.8%. For the other countries, there was a decrease in the supply of mineral coal, in particular in the case of the United States with (-3.2%), which has been reducing its production to the detriment of the substitution for the production of shale gas. Approximately 80% of the world's coal reserves are in the Northern Hemisphere...........

Keywords: Charcoal; Waste steel; Environment; Iron ore.

[1]. Damasceno CE,Disponibilidade, suprimento e demanda de minérios para metalurgia. Rio de janeiro: Série estudos e documentos, v.1 Cetem/MCT, 2007.145p
[2]. Vieira CB,Rosière AC, Pena EQ,Seshadri VS, Assis PS,avaliação técnica de minérios de ferro para sinterização nas siderúrgicas e minerações brasileiras: uma análise crítica. Revista Escola de Minas vol.56 no. 2 Ouro Preto, p.40- 42 Abr - Junho. 2003
[3]. Cheng CY,Misra VN, Clough J,Mun R. Dephosphorisation Of Western Australian Iron Ore By Hydrometallurgical Process Div. of Minerals, PO Box 90, Bentley, WA 6982, Australia, p. 1024 – 1025 Maio-abril de 1999.
[4]. Yong-shi J, Yong-bin Y, Qian L,Guang-huiG, Yu-fengF.Removal of phosphorus from iron ores by chemical leaching , School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China. Junho 2006

Abstract: This study investigated the cardiac status of postmenopausal women in Nnewi Metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 120 subjects comprising of 60 apparently healthy postmenopausal and premenopausal women (control) aged between 50 to 70 years and 20 to 30 years respectively were recruited for the study. Their blood pressure readings and body mass index (BMI) were obtained, whereas their demographic data and health status were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Thereafter, 5mls of blood sample was collected from the subjects into plain container and used for the estimation of biochemical parameters (LDH, Total CK, and CK-MB levels) respectively using standard laboratory methods. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using student t-test and Pearson r correlation...........

Keywords: Menopause, Postmenopausal Women, Lactate dehydrogenase, Total creatine kinase, Creatine kinase – MB, Body mass index, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Nnewi Metropolis.

[1]. Schneider HP, MacLennan AH, Feeny D. Assessment of health related quality of life in menopause and aging. Climacteric; 2008; 11:93-107.
[2]. Mishra G, Kuh D. Sexual functioning throughout menopause: the perceptions of women in a British cohort. Menopause; 2006; 13:880-890.
[3]. Siham KA, Mohamed AS, Areeg AM, Raian BY, Nosiba AA, Nada OA. Assessment of iron status among sudanese menopausal women. Int J Res. 2016; 4(2):107-110.
[4]. Pilliteri, A. (2007). Maternal & Child health nursing care of the childbearing & childrearing family, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 97-98.
[5]. Harrison-Bernard LM, Raij L. Postmenopausal hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2000;2: 202-207.

Abstract: According to the 2011 census, Varanasi district has a population of 3,676,841 and the population density of 2,399 inhabitants per square kilometer (6,210/sq mi). The sex ratio of Varanasi was 909 females for every 1000 males, and literacy rate was 77.05%. The exponential growth of the population has been recorded 17.15% in the population of 2011 as compared to census 2001. There was 25.14% increase in population recorded in 2001 as compared to census 1991, where the large-scale emigration from rural areas to urban areas, degrading the water quality and depleting the Water Resources in the district. The surface drainage and underground aquifer system have been disturbed by the large-scale urban infrastructural development activities. Due to heavy population and over-exploitation of water resources, the data of 2015-16 is analyzed to know the change in water quality..........

[1]. Chatterjee, C. and Raziuddin, M. 2002. Determination of water quality index (WQI) of a degraded river in Asansol Industrial area, P.O. Raniganj, District Burdwan, West Bengal. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 1(2): 181-189.
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Abstract: A physiologically-based biokinetic (pbbk) model for the trio mixture of lead, mercury and selenium, developed in our previous study was applied in a hypothetical environmental health risk assessment. The health risk index (HRI) to critical organs (liver, kidney, and the brain) resulting from the simultaneous exposure of individuals to the mixture of these elements were estimated. Three mining communities: Bagega, Dareta, and Abare villages of Anka L.G.A, Zamfara State, Nigeria, were used as case studies. In carrying out the hypothetical risk estimation, an exposed individual was assumed to have consumed contaminated cereals (maize, rice, and sorghum) cultivated locally in these three mining communities. Three co-exposure scenarios were simulated for each village based on selenium intake: low selenium intake (0.75μmol/kg/day), adequate selenium intake (2.5μmol/kg/day), and..........

Keywords: health, lead, mercury, model, physiologically-based, risk

[1] P.N. D. Lyn. Mercury toxicity and antioxidants Part 1: Role of glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of mercury toxicity. Alternative Medicine Review, 7(6):456-471,2002.

[2] Zahir Farhana, J. Rizwi Shaminn, Soghra K. Hag, and Khan Rizwan H. Low dose of mercury toxicity and human health. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 20(2):351-360, 2005.

[3] C. Mark and M. D. Houston. Role of mercury toxicity in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 13(8):621-627, 2011.

[4] A. B. Robin. Mercury toxicity and treatment. A review of the literature. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2012, 2012.

[5] P. Apostoli, P. Kiss, S. Porru, J. P. Bonde, and M. Vanhoome. Male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. Occupational Environmental Medicine, 55: 364-374, 1998..

Abstract: One of the most important groups of acid producing bacteria in the food industry is the lactic acid bacteria, which are used in making starter culture for dairy products. The growth of microorganisms may also vary in different dairy products largely depend on their components variation and the way they are manufactured. The aim of this study was to study the comparative growth of Lactobacillus in different dairy products in stirred tank bioreactor and to identify the ideal source of Lactobacillusfromdifferent dairy products namedYoghurt, Cheese, Butter, Lassi, and Cow milk.Theselected species was isolated from different samples using Lactobacillus MRS Agar media. The pH of the media was adjusted to 6.5 and maintained temperature at 37 ˚C overnight in stirred tank bioreactor..Thebacteriacounts of these samples ranged between 3.83x106cfu/ml to 2.86x108cfu/ml.The results of the present study revealed that yoghurtcontained the highest lactic acid bacteria count (2.86x108cfu/ml) than others dairy products in bioreactor and it wasthe ideal source of Lactobacillus in different dairy productsand we find that milk contains maximum of growing percentage of microorganisms.

Keywords: Lactobacillus spp., MRS Agar, Yoghurt, Cheese, Butter, Lassi, Cow milk, Stirred Tank Bioreactor

[1]. Ventling, B.L. and Mistry, V.V. (1993). Growth characteristics of bifidobacteria in ultra-filtrated milk. J Dairy Sci 76, 962–971
[2]. Colombel, J.F., Cortot, A., Neut, C. and Romond, C. (1987). Yoghurt with Bifidobacteriumlongum reduces erythromycin induced gastrointestinal effects. Lancet North Am Ed 4, 43–45.
[3]. Ishida, Y., Nakamura, F., Kanzato, H., Sawada, D., Hirata, H., Nishimura, A., Kajimoto, O. and Fujiwara, S. (2005). Clinical effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92 on perennial allergic rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Dairy Sci 88, 527–533.
[4]. GuessasBettache, AdjoudjFatma, HadadjiMiloud and KihalMebrouk (2012). Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Dhan, a Traditional Butter and Their Major Technological Traits. World Applied Sciences Journal 17 (4): 480-488.
[5]. Gauri Dixit, Deepti Samarth, Vidya Tale, Rama Bhadekar (2013). Comparative studies on potential probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus strains. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci 7, 1-9..

Abstract: Wildlife is an essential part of wholesome environment which needs the special care and attention towards its preservation and prevention of crimes through effective legal and scientific mechanisms. Now world has moving towards the inclusion of technology in every sphere of human life. Here law and science are mediums of achieving the ends for the betterment of lives and welfare of humans. Forensic science has been emerging as a great aid in conducting the effective investigation against wildlife crimes. This article points out certain methods of forensic science in relation to the law in India, and their utility, so that the cherished right of wholesome environment can become a reality.

Keywords: Forensic Science, Wildlife, Environment, Law, Evidence, Crime

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