IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2018

Abstract: The intensification of swine production systems generates accumulation of manure, which if not stabilized can generate negative impact on the environment. At the same time, the demand for organic materials to amend the soil for the production of cut flowers has increased. The objective of the work was to evaluate the use of swine compost as an amendment in different proportions through the growth of wallflowers (Matthiolaincana). The trial consisted of four treatments with three repetitions each: T1: 15l/m2, T2: 30l/m2, T3: 60 l/m2 and T4: no incorporation of compost. A 12m x 1m flowerbed was used, divided into 12 experimental units. Phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), nitrates (NO3-), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in a ratio of 1 / 5 (v/v sample / water), and organic matter (OM) were analyzed for each treatment. In addition compost...........

Keywords: swine compost, organic amendment, cut flowers

[1]. TMECC (Test methods for the examination of composting and compost), 2001. The US Department of Agriculture and The US Composting Council. Edaphos International, Houston, USA
[2]. Han,J Ko; Ki Y.Kim, Hyeon T. Kim, Chi N. Kim,MUmeda 2008. Evaluation of maturity parameters and heavy metal contents in compost made from animal manure. Waste Mangement 28: 813-820
[3]. Ogunwande, G.A.; Osunde, J. A.; Ogunjimi, L. A. O. 2008. Effects of Carbon to nitrogen ratio and Turing frecuency on composting chicken litter in turned-windrow piles. Agricultural. 99:pp.7495-7503
[4]. MAGyP (Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca). 2010. Ganados y Carnes, Anuario 2010. pp141-164.
[5]. Barrington, D. Choinière, M. Trigui, W. Knight. 2002.Effect of carbon source on compost nitrogen and carbon losses.Bioresource.Technologi., 83, pp. 189-194.

Abstract: Clans of India are for the most part known to be relatives of crude occupants, a significant number of whom have in course of history been pushed into the outskirts of, and to a great extent segregated from, India's standard society and culture. Soon after Independence, the Constitution of India arranged two calendars for distinguishing different ancestral and low rank gatherings, which are formally called 'Planned Tribes' (ST) and 'Booked Castes' (SC) separately. The registration specialists identify innate and low rank and in reverse people groups based on these nitty gritty calendars. The rundowns for ST and SC bunches have been generously developed since its first use in the 1951 enumeration, and the quantities of clans and low station bunches that were announced as 'booked' as indicated by the evaluation of 1991 were 573 and 1,091 individually. Santals are one of the major and most various clans.........

Keywords: Scheduled Tribes, Backward people, Community, Economy

[1]. Mishra, N. 2005. 'Eco-feminism: A global concern', Social welfare, 3-8.
[2]. Mishra, N. 2007. ParticipatoryWaterManagementandSustainableTribalLivelihood:Study of a Pani Panchayat in Southern Orissa, Unpublished Thesis Submitted to University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad.
[3]. Praduman kumar, Mrthuyuanjaya and Madan M Dey, 2007, Long term changes in India Food Basket and Nutrition, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 42, No. 35, pp: 3567-3572.
[4]. Sainath, P. 2010. Politics of package& the packaging of politics in Environment and Social Justice: An International Perspective, emerald, UK. Aggarwal, Yash&
[5]. Sibou, Sarika 1994 Educating Scheduled Castes: A Study of Inter District and Intra Cast Differentials, New Delhi: National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration

Abstract: The biggest challenge for access to safe drinking water is presence of water contaminants in groundwater. Microbes, iron, arsenic and turbidity is encountered in drinking water across numerous states in India. These contaminants could either coexist or may be present individually in water. Population from base of pyramid particularly living in rural villages are the most sufferer. Thus, there is a daunting need to facilitate removal of these frequently occurring contaminants simultaneously as well as individually through a low cost sustainable technology. A technological solution at point of use is preferred particularly in rural settings to eliminate the risk of secondary contamination. The technology needs to be replicable, effective and sustainable against all these contaminants..........

Keywords: Safe drinking water, Biosand filter, JalKalp, household water treatment, Arsenic, Iron, Water contamination

[1]. Khurana, I. & Sen, R., 2006. Drinking water quality in rural India : Issues and approaches. WaterAid. Available at http://www.ctara.iitb.ac.in/en/system/files/drinking-water-quality-rural-india.pdf.
[2]. Pacific Institute, 2010. World water quality facts and statistics. Available at http://www.pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2013/02/water_quality_facts_and_stats3.pdf.
[3]. Saurav, D. et al., 2015. Groundwater Arsenic Contamination In North Eastern States Of India. Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 9(3), 621.
[4]. Shankar, P.S.V., Kulkarni, H. & Krishnan, S., 2011. India's Groundwater Challenge and the Way Forward. Economic and Political Weekly, xlvi(2), 37–45.
[5]. WHO, 2004. Arsenic in drinking-water. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 84, 41–267..

Abstract: Remote sensing data providesan important source for monitoring and mapping vegetation cover. Vegetation Indices (VI) are derived from multispectral satellite datafor use in monitoring vegetation distribution. This paper assesses the potential of SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and uses these to demonstrate the production of plant coverpercentage maps in the Jeffara Plain, Libya,using spatial resolution remote sensing imagery in this semi-arid and arid region. A study region in the Jeffara Plain of 13,800ha was selected to permit processing of training and evaluation data due to the variety in irrigated agricultural area and natural vegetation cover densities. The area also provides a variety ofclimatic and soil conditions...........

Keywords: NDVI, SAVI, vegetation indices, plant cover,Landsat, Jeffara Plain,Google Earth

[1]. Ageena, I. (2013) Trends and patterns in the climate of Libya (1945-2010) Doctoral dissertation, University of Liverpool.
[2]. Ait Belaid, M., 2010.Applications of Space Techniques for Sustainable Development in West Asia.International Journal of Geoinformatics, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 65-71, Pathumthani, Thailand.
[3]. Almutairi, B., El battay, A, Belaid, M., Musa, N. (2013) Comparative Study of SAVI and NDVI Vegetation Indices in Sulaibiya Area (Kuwait) Using Worldview Satellite Imagery. International Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics,1(2):50-53.
[4]. Camacho-De Coca, F., Garcia-Haro, J. F., Gilabert, A. M. and Melia, J., 2004. Vegetation cover seasonal change assessment from TM imagery in a semi-arid landscape. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 3451-3476.
[5]. Chappelle, E. M., Kim, M. S. and McMurtrey, J. E., 1992. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS): An algorithm for the remote estimation of the concentrations of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and carotenoids in soybean leaves, Remote Sensing of Environment, 39,239-247..

Abstract: Tannery sludge is currently being used in the cultivation of vegetables. This study investigated the concentration of heavy metals in Amaranths (Amaranthus hybridus) and Jews mallow (Corchorus olitorius) grown on tannery amended soil in Pot. Heavy metals such as Fe, Ni, Co, and Cu were analyzed in the harvested vegetable tissues using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The result showed highest range (1247 – 2188.20mg/kg) of Iron in the roots, Nickel (13.80 – 17.50mg/kg) and Copper (15.50 – 20.70mg/kg) both in the leaves of Corchorus olitorius. The concentrations, except of Iron were lower than the FAO/WHO recommended limits. However, Transfer Factor for Copper in Corchorus olitorius tissues and Amaranthus hybridus leaves indicates higher potential of the vegetables for bioaccumulation. This implies continuous consumption of the vegetables may pose a significant threat and hazard effects to human and animals. Hence, farmers should be guided on the use of tannery sludge on agricultural land.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Vegetables, Tannery sludge, Amended soil.

[1]. Ana, R. L. M., Luis, A. P. L., Mara, L. J. O., Wanderley, J. M. and Ademir, S. F. A. (2014). Growth and nodulation of Cowpea after 5 years of consecutive composted tannery sludge amendment. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(4): 1175 – 1179.
[2]. Andre, S. N., Marco, A. N., Alexander, M. M. Cristiana, A. B. S., Luis., F. B., Petra, M. and Elke, J. B. C. (2012). Effects of tannery sludge application on physiological and fatty acid profiles of the soil microbial community. Applied soil ecology. 61(6): 92 – 99.
[3]. Association of Official Analytical Chemist (1995). Official Methods of Analysis. 14th Edition, Washington DC, 142 – 158.
[4]. Bruce, H & Schelte, E. E. (2009). Recommended Soil organic matter tests. In: Wilford, I. J. Recommended Soil testing procedures for the Northeastern United States, USA. Cooperative Bulletin 493, 63 – 74.
[5]. Cempel, M. and Nikel, G. (2006). Nickel. A review of its sources and environmental toxicology, Polish Journal of Environ. Stud. 15(3): 375 – 382....

Abstract: Assessment of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in water was conducted in of Upper Benue River, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from four different sites once a month in triplicate from May 2014-October 2015. Water physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and transparency were analysed at the sites while Alkalinity, BOD, free CO2, ammonia, Total dissolved solids, Nitrate and phosphate were analysed in the laboratories. Heavy metals (Cd,Cr,Cu, Ni, Pb and Zinc) in the water samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Temperature ranged between 26.49-27.250C and were within the recommended range. pH fluctuated between 7.48-7.62 and was also within the recommended range. The values obtained for electrical conductivity were typical for fresh water since it ranged from 71.13-93.76Us/cm. Transparency was high during the dry season which correspond to the.........

Keywords: Physicochemical parameters, Heavy metals, Water.

[1]. Abubakar,K.A (2006).A study of Aspect of Productivity and Stock Status. of Oreochromise niloticus and Clarias gariepinus in Lake Geriyo. Yola.
[2]. Adamawa State. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria 212.
[3]. Ademoroti, C.M.A. (1996): Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Foludex Press Ltd., Ibadan pp. 171 – 204.
[4]. Adebisi, A. A (1980). The Physiochemical Hydrology of a Tropical Seasonal River Upper Ogun River. Hydrobiologia 77:157-165.
[5]. Ali,A.D.,Ezra,G.A and abdul,d.s. (2002). Changes in the physicochemical attributes of an Urban stream in Jos, Nigeria journal of Aquatic Science. 22 (1) pp 45-56..

Abstract: The Kon Tum province of Vietnam country has been industrialising and modernising with rapid pace and it has much contributed to the socio – economic development of not only the province itself but also to the country in general. However, accompanied with the development there have been emerged many environmental issues. In oder to provide reliable and scientific data, information for policy makers and bussiness managers as well, the research related to assessing the current environmental quality in Kon Tum province, thenceforth proposing measures for efficient environmental management in the province has been implemented. The results gained from the research implementation show that: quality of water resources including ground water have been down; air environment of some places in the province has been contaminated compared with national technical regulations of Vietnam,..........

Keywords: Kon Tum province, currenet environmental quality, solutions, efficiency

[1]. Cục Thống kê tỉnh Kon Tum, 2016. Niên giám thống kê tỉnh Kon Tum năm 2015. Kon Tum 2016.
[2]. Duong Thi Hong Luan (2016), Evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of environmental monitoring system in Kon Tum province for five years from 2008 - 2013. Proposing the adjustment of the environmental monitoring network in the province in line with the socio-economic development planning for the period 2016-2020, orienting to 2025, Master thesis – NLU – HCMC. [3]. Phạm Văn Phú, 2011. Giải quyết chất đốt cho đồng bào vùng cao nguyên đá đi đôi với công tác bảo vệ và phát triển rừng là việc làm cấp bách hiện nay ở Hà Giang,
[4]. Sở Tài nguyên và Môi trường tỉnh Kon Tum (2015). Báo cáo Kết quả quan trắc môi trường tỉnh Kon Tum 2014. Kon Tum - Vietnam
[5]. UBND tỉnh Kon Tum, 2012. Báo cáo tổng hợp quy hoạch phát triển mạng lưới đô thị tỉnh Kon Tum đến năm 2020, định hướng đến năm 2025, 2012. Kong Tum - Vietnam...

Abstract: The study presents the effect of the chemical preservative, sodium metabisulphite (SMS) on the nutritional characteristics of the pulp with time. Palmyrah fruits of same maturity and size from the same palm were subjected to manual extraction of pulp. pH of the pulp was measured and it was adjusted to 3.8 using food grade citric acid. The pH adjusted pulp was then heated to 90° C for 30 minutes using open pan heating and was allowed to cool down to 60°C. Food grade SMSwas added to one portion of the pulp in the ratio of 0.4 gram per litre and the other portion of the pulp was not mixed with SMS. Both pulp portions were hot filled into sterilized glass bottles and stored at 4°C in a refrigerator. Continuous nutrient analysis was carried out and the results were subjected to two way ANOVA using Minitab 16 software. Results of the study exhibits that within two months there is a decline in titrable..........

Keywords: chemical additive, nutrient profile, Palmyrah fruit pulp

[1]. Jansz ER, Wickremasekara NT and Sumuduni KAV, A Review of the Chemistry and Biochemistry of seed shoot flour and fruit pulp of the Palmyrah palm (BorassusflabelliferL.). Journal of National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 30(1&2), 2002, 61-87.
[2]. Robika K, Subajini M, Srivijendran S and Navaratnam P, Microbial, Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation of Preserved Palmyrah Fruit Pulp, Journal of agriculture and veterinary science, 9(6), 2016, 51 – 57.
[3]. AOAC, 2006. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th ed. 1st Revision. AOAC International, Maryland, USA.
[4]. AOAC, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th ed. 1st Revision. AOAC International, Maryland, USA. [5]. Luh BS and Niketic G, Flame Photometric Determination of Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium in Canned Tomatoes, Journal of Food Science 24 (3), 1959, 305–309..

Abstract: Heavy metals induce oxidative stress within bodies and are suspect of various chronic diseases such as cancer, mental retardation, hepatoxicity and kidney failure. The study aimed at establishing heavy metal contamination and safety of consumption of sugarcane grown along Ngong tributary of Nairobi River. The Sugarcane crop was sampled randomly from three distinct regions along the river based on pollution activities in the dry month of January 2017 and their juices extracted. Levels of copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) were determined by modified AOAC official method 999.10 using Inductively Coupled Plasma mass spectrophotometer. Health risk assessment was done by FAO, 2006 and FAO/WHO2011 official methods based on a survey conducted in slums along.........

Keywords: Heavy metals, Sugarcane, Health risk

[1] Adekola, F. A. (2008). Environmental assessment of the impact of feed water on the quality, 18(3), 129–135.
[2] Alghobar, M. A., & Suresha, S. (2015). Evaluation of Nutrients and Trace Metals and Their Enrichment Factors in Soil and Sugarcane Crop Irrigated with Wastewater, (October), 46–56.
[3] Amaach, N. H., & Harris, W. H. (n.d.). 7 sources of lead and selected other heavy metals in williamsburg soils, brooklyn, new york, 7–8.
[4] Arnot, J. A., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2006). A review of bioconcentration factor ( BCF ) and bioaccumulation factor ( BAF ) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms, 297, 257–297. http://doi.org/10.1139/A06-005.
[5] Beckett, A. R. P., & Brown, D. H. (2016). The Control of Cadmium Uptake in the Lichen Genus Peltigera Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/23691125 The Control of Cadmium Uptake in the Lichen Genus Peltigera, 35(156), 1071–1082

Abstract: Cumulative percentage Ultimate biodegradability of two types of Drilling fluid – water base drilling fluid (WBDF) and oil base drilling fluid (OBDF) used in the upstream sector of the Nigeria petroleum industry were investigated in brackish and marine ecosystems. The rate of ultimate biodegradability was estimated from the ratio of Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand. Evaluation of cumulative percentage (Σ%) ultimate biodegradation of the drilling fluid in brackish water were; WBDF (25.74), OBDF (12.82), while in marine water, WBDF (5.46), OBDF (1.84). Analysis of comparative percentage ultimate biodegradation rate revealed that WBDF is 2.01 times more biodegradable than OBDF in brackish water environment [WBDF 66.75%, OBDF 33.25%] whereas in.........

Keywords: Cumulative Percentage (Σ%) Ultimate biodegradability, water base drilling fluid, oil base drilling fluid, Drilling fluid Utilizing bacteria and fungi

[1]. Alexander, M., 1994. Biodegradation and bioremediation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc. Pp 302.
[2]. Amund, O. O., Ilori, M. O. and Odetunde, F. R. (1997). Degradation of CommercialDetergent products by microbial populations of the Lagos lagoon. Folia Microbiol. 42(4): 353-356.
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Abstract: Climate change is a change in the pattern of weather, and related changes in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, occurring over time scales of decades or longer. There are several reasons for the climate change Natural disasters have always been regarded as the reason for sudden displacement or migration of
population. But over the past few decades there have been serious probing into the role of climate change — a long period of change that fundamentally alters the coordinates of human existence, such as rain, water availability and sea.......

[1]. The science of climate changes, feb2015,https://www.science.org.au/learning/generalaudience/ science-climate-change/3-are-human-activities-causing-climate-change,Australian Academy of science
[2]. This article is part of the NASA Knows! (GradesK4) series.7/08/2017,https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/whatis-
climate-change-k4.html
[3]. The science of climate changes, Feb 2015,https://www.science.org.au/learning/generalaudience/ science-climate-change/3-are-human-activities-causing-climate-change,Australian Academy of science
[4]. Fordham Environmental Law Review,2017, https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1658&context=elr,
Robert A. McLeman
[5]. Rafale Leal-Areas,2013,Climate Change and International Trade..