IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2018

Abstract: In thisstudy the wastesbothsolid and liquidfrom the various stage in the production of wetbluefromwetsaltedgoatskinwereobserved. Then the various types of parameterrelated to the environmental pollution duringthis production wasdetermined. The parameters are pH, color, odour, solidwastes, total solids, suspendedsolids, dissolvedsolids, total acidity, free mineralacidity, strong alkali, total Kjeldahlnitrogen, sulphates, sulphides, chlorides, chromium ,basicity, BOD, COD etc. In case of pH of soaking effluent iscloser to the standard value but duringliming and pickling or chrome tanningtheyexceed the limit.Moreinterestingly, badodour and colour to the receivingeffluents are the common pollution. Surprisingly, suspendedsolid in soakliquorismuchhigherthanthat of otherliquors. Additionally, the BOD and COD values of different effluents are extremelyhigherthantolerablelimitcausing a greatthreat to ourenvironment. The results show thateveryparameter, whichwasfound in large amounts, can cause fatal environmental pollution.

Keywords: Chemical measuring, Pollution, Production, Wet-blue, goatskin.

[1]. Heidemann, E., Fundamentals of Leather Manufacture. Eduard Roether KG, Darmstadt, Germany, 1993.
[2]. Madhan, B., Jayakumar, R., Muralidharan, C., Gnanasekaran, C.S., 2001. Improvements in vegetable tanning can acrylics be cotanningagents.J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 96, 120-126.
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[4]. Serra, A., Cot, J., Gregori, J., Satorres, J., Bastoli, E., Robert, A., Carbonyl compounds in tanning process. AQEIC Boletin Tec. 42,1991, 246-257.
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Abstract: The study aims to understand the socio-economic condition of rural women in Bangladesh. The research is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data collected from a structured questionnaire survey through interview and observation when some secondary data also collected from different sources. 384 respondents have been interviewed form nine villages of Ishwardi, Pabna; a north-western part of Bangladesh. According to primary survey, 90% of our respondents are literate and 43% households earn less than monthly 16 thousand local currencies equivalent to around 200 USD. Among the respondent 78.91% are housewife and rest of them are related with day labor, service, garments, small business farming etc. More importantly, women house is made of muddy floor and housing material are bamboo, soil and wood. Around 77% respondent had sanitary latrine and above 98% had electricity.........

Keywords: Socio-Economic, Condition, Rural, Women, Bangladesh

[1]. Parveen, S. And Rahman, C.M.S. (2009). Micro-Credit Intervention And Its Effects On Empowerment Of Rural Women, BRAC
[2]. Mallick, Bishawjit, And Joachim Vogt. "Cyclone, Coastal Society And Migration: Empirical Evidence From Bangladesh." International Development Planning Review 34.3 (2012): 217-240.
[3]. Dee, D. P., Et Al. "The ERA‐Interim Reanalysis: Configuration And Performance Of The Data Assimilation System." Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological Society 137.656 (2011): 553-597.
[4]. Chowdhury, Hafizur Rahman, Et Al. "Causes Of Neonatal Deaths In A Rural Subdistrict Of Bangladesh: Implications For Intervention." Journal Of Health, Population, And Nutrition 28.4 (2010): 375.
[5]. Miller, Grant, And A. Mushfiqmobarak. Gender Differences In Preferences, Intra-Household Externalities, And Low Demand For Improved Cookstoves. No. W18964. National Bureau Of Economic Research, 2013

Abstract: The Starter Culture Is The Most Important Factor For Determination Of The Overall Quality Of Yogurt, Defining Its Qualitative And Nutritional Characteristics And Also Determining The Type Of Fermentation Process And The Final Fermentation Metabolites. Regularly, For The Yogurt Production, There Are Used Symbiotic Cultures Consisting Mainly Of Lactobacillus Bulgaricus And Streptococcus Thermophilus Bacteria, In Specific Growth Conditions. That Is Used Raw Milk From A Local Dairy Producer, For Obtaining Samples Of Yogurt. In Technological Process Were Used Three Different Commercial Starter Cultures That Represent Object Of Present Study. Yogurt Samples Were Refrigerated And Then Analysed After 24 Hours Of Storage, From The Point Of View Physicochemical, Sensorial And Rheological Properties. The Results Were Performed Statistically Using One-Way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). Final Conclusions Had Permitted Selection Process Of The Best Starter Culture For Industrial Process Of Yogurt..

Keywords: Biotechnological Properties, Functional Product, Rheological Properties, Syneresis

[1]. A. Körzendörfer, S. Nöbel And J. Hinrichs, Particle Formation Induced By Sonication During Yogurt Fermentation – Impact Of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Starter Cultures On Physical Properties, Food Research International 97, 2017, 170–177.
[2]. D.W. Olson And K.J. Aryana, An Excessively High Lactobacillus Acidophilus Inoculation Level In Yogurt Lowers Product Quality During Storage, LWT- Food Science And Technology, 41, 2008, 911–918.
[3]. R. Ashraf, N. And N. Shah, Selective And Differential Enumerations Of Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp. Bulgaricus, Streptococcus Thermophilus, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Lactobacillus Casei And Bifidobacterium Spp. In Yoghurt — A Review, International Journal Of Food Microbiology, 149, 2011, 194-208.
[4]. C. Ma, Z. Chen, G. Gong, L., Huang, S. Li And A. Ma, Starter Culture Design To Overcome Phage Infection During Yogurt Fermentation, Food Science And Biotechnology, 24(2), 2015, 521-527.
[5]. J.E. Laiño, M. Juarez Del Valle, G. Savoy De Giori And J.G.J. Leblanc, (2013) Development Of A High Folate Concentration Yogurt Naturally Bio-Enriched Using Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria, LWT - Food Science And Technology, 54, 2013, 1-5...

Abstract: This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the existing solar and wind energy potential in the Paraguayan Chaco, for which a Davis weather station was installed in La Patria for a three months period, which sent every 30 minutes data of wind speed at 10m height and global solar radiation. The measuring instruments were calibrated according to international standards, field experience and scientific literature independently. For the elaboration of this paper four aspects were taken into account: 1) the experimental method of data treatment, 2) adjustments based on data from scientific literature, 3) discussion of the results and 4) the conclusions, which allow us to have an overview more comprehensive about the potential of renewable energy resources existing in the region. Regarding the use of mathematical models, adjustments were made using regression curves and statistical models representing the focus of analysis of this research.

Keywords: Davis weather station, solar energy potential, wind energy potential, Weibull distribution.

[1]. A. Brizuela, J. Benítez and M. E de Castell: The wind resource in Paraguay, Argentine Fund for Horizontal Cooperation, National Institute of Technology, Normalization and Metrology (INTN), National Directorate of Civil Aeronautics (DINAC), (1997).
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Abstract: Humic materials used as organic fertilizer can promote seed germination and improve the quality of seedlings of vegetable crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic substances (HS) and humic acids (HA) extracted from peat samples on germination of Capsicum frutescens L. and its influence on seed quality and initial seedling development. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 5 repetitions of 35 seeds for each treatment in a factorial 2 x 6, represented by 2 types of humic materials (humic substances and humic acids) and 6 doses with neutral pH (distilled water (control), 10 mg L-1, 20 mg L-1, 30 mg L-1, 40 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1. The results showed that HS and HA have not inhibited the germination in C. Frutescens, indicating that the humic materials are effective to promote greater germination rate index (3.44), longer length of radicle (39.35 mm) and larger length of the aerial part of the seedling (28.66 mm) considering the dose 50 mg L-1 in 14 days after sowing.

Keywords: Capsicum Frutescens L., humic material, biostimulant.

[1]. E. Loffredo, A.J. Palazzo, N. Senesi, C.E. Clapp, T.L. Bashore, Germination and Early Growth of Slickspot Peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) as Affected by Desert Soil Humic Acids, Soil Science, 175, 2010, 186-193.
[2]. A. Traversa, E. Loffredo, C.E. Gattullo, A.J. Palazzo, T.L. Bashore, N. Senesi, Comparative evaluation of compost humic acids and their effects on the germination of switchgrass (Panicum vigatum L.), Journal of Soil Sedimentent, 14, 2014, 432-440.
[3]. B. Šerá, F. Novák, The effect of humic substances on germination and early growth of Lamb's Quarters (Chenopodium album agg.), Biologia, 66, 2011, 470-476.
[4]. A. Traversa, E. Loffredo, C.E. Gattullo, A.J. Palazzo, T.L. Bashore, N. Senesi, Comparative evaluation of compost humic acids and their effects on the germination of switchgrass (Panicum vigatum L.), Journal of Soil Sedimentent, 14, 2014, 432-440.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of terrain variation and landuse/ landcover on the performance of Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Space Borne Thermal Emission and Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) version1 and version2 in topographical and hydrological modeling of Onitsha and environs using 1:50000 topographic map of the study area as the reference DEM. The contour lines of the topographic map were digitized and their equivalent values used to generate the topographic DEM. The topographic DEM was reclassified into varied terrain configurations (flat, undulating, rolling, hilly and mountainous) and the profiles plotted on the different terrain categories. The profiles were used to examine the impact of terrain configuration of the different DEM. The Landsat-7ETM+ was also classified into varied landuse/ landcover types (built up area, waterbody, open space and vegetation) and the profiles of different landcover............

Keywords: DEM, Landuse/ Landcover, Terrain, Modelling.

[1]. Czubski, K., Kozak, J & Kolecka, N. Accuracy of SRTM-X and ASTER Elevation Data and its Influence on Topographical and Hydrological Modeling: Case Study of the Pieniny Mts in Poland. International Journal of Geoinformatics. 2013; 9(2):7-14.
[2]. Liu, Y. An evaluation on the data quality of SRTM DEM at the alpine and plateau area, North-Western of China. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2008; 37:1123–1127.
[3]. Creutzfeldt, B.N.A. Remote sensing based characterisation ofland cover and terrain properties forhydrological modelling in the semi-arid Northeast of Brazil. Institut für Geoökologie, Universität Potsdam. 2006.
[4]. Hodgson, M.E., Jensen, J.R., Schmidt, L., Schill, S and Davis, B. An evaluation of LIDAR- and IFSAR-derived digital elevation models in leaf-on conditions with USGS Level 1 and Level 2 DEMs. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2003; 84: 295–308.
[5]. Datta, P.S., and Schack-Kirchner. H. Erosion Relevant Topographical Parameters Derived from Different DEMs- A Comparative Study from the Indian Lesser Himalayas. Remote Sens. 2010, 2: 1941-1961..

Abstract: La présente étude vise à déterminer expérimentalement les isothermes d'adsorption des amandes d'Irvingia gabonensis par la méthode gravimétrique statique à différentes températures (25 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C). Les amandes utilisées proviennent de trois marchés de la ville de Daloa (Région du Haut-Sassandra). Sur ces amandes, des paramètres physicochimiques ont été déterminés selon des méthodes conventionnelles. Les données collectées ont été soumises à des traitements statistiques qui incluent des analyses de régression non linéaire. Pour la modélisation des isothermes, neuf modèles empiriques ont été utilisés. Les résultats ont révélé que les isothermes d'adsorption déterminées sont de type II caractérisées par une forme sigmoïdale. De plus, le modèle G.A.B (pour 25 et 30 °C) et le modèle............

Keywords: Côte d'Ivoire, Irvingia gabonensis, isotherme d'adsorption, modélisation, monocouche

[1] SMCP, Stratégie mondiale pour la conservation des plantes. (Secrétariat de la Convention sur la biodiversité, BGCI, Montréal-Canada, 2002).
[2] M. Quenum, Diversité des fruits sauvages au Benin. (DFs, Benin, 2015).
[3] CNRA, La culture d'une espèce alimentaire sauvage en péril, Irvingia gabonensis (CNRA, 2003).
[4] M.G. Gnahoua, A. Konan et D. Louppe, Irvingia gobonensis, un fruitier sauvage d'avenir (CNRA/CIRAD/UE, 2003).
[5] C. Bonazzi et J.J. Bimbinet, Séchage des produits alimentaires, Techniques de l'Ingénieur, traité Agroalimentaire, F3000, 2003 : 1-14...

Abstract: This study is aimed at analysing the land use dynamics of Awka South L.G.A using Remote Sensing and GIS approach. The objectives were successfully completed byperforming multi-temporal analysis, deriving pattern and extent of development in Awka South using satellitedata of 1995, 2005 and 2016, and performing trend analysis of the derived development pattern. Using three multi-temporal sets of images (Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI) of 1995 to 2016, land usemaps of 1995, 2005 and 2016 were producedbyusingthe supervised maximum likelihoodclassification algorithmin ERDASImagine 9.1 and trend analysis was done to determine the trend of change and annual growth rate of landuse in the study area. Results showed that for the past 21 years, 1995-2016, Awka has been undergoing extensive land use change. The built up area in the city has grown from 13,693.85 hectares in 1995 to 16,993.58 hectares in 2005 and to 22,653.83hectares in 2016. The highest.........

Keywords: Change Detection, Landuse Dynamics, Remote Sensing, GIS, Urbanization.

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Abstract: Environment and the factors that are associated with it are the root causes of many epidemic diseases both in the developed and developing nations. Environmental health problems arise from population pressure on housing, poor environmental sanitation, coupled with lack of safe drink water and housing facilities. Over the years, environmental factor has become a major problem in Africa. This development has the potential to destroy the natural Environment in which human and natural resources in the nation inhabit. The status of the local natural environment is important in the development process, since poor and marginalized households lacks the resources needed to reduce the negative effects of a degraded environment. A damaged natural environment as a result of waste will hit the most vulnerable groups of society the hardest environment..............

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Abstract: The problem of waste in the city of Medan is a problem that can not be handled thoroughly. Garbage clogging drainage channels causes flooding in the rainy season. In addition, the less water absorption area due to many home pages and roads are made waterproof so that became the main trigger of flooding, especially in the rainy season. One way of waste management, especially for organic waste is the technology of biopori infiltration hole (LRB), has been known to accelerate the infiltration of water by utilizing organic waste. Some of the advantages of LRB are improving soil ecosystems, absorbing water and preventing floods, increasing groundwater reserves, and overcoming drought, facilitating waste management and maintaining cleanliness, converting waste into compost, reducing greenhouse gas and methane emissions, and overcoming the problem of inundation...............

Keywords: Flood, garbage, LRB (Biopori infiltration hole), biochar, Medan City

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