IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2018

Abstract: Groundwater contamination by organic compounds is a widespread problem worldwide. Particularly, organic compounds from petroleum products (e.g., gasoline, diesel, fuel oil etc.) are frequently detected in groundwater because of different types of spills occurring from pipelines and aboveground storage tanks (AST) or underground storage tanks (UST).In this study, Potassium ferioxalate and sodium persulfate were used to investigate the effect of the clean-up or reduction of water contamination to a more acceptable level and to achieve this, crude-oil contamination of ground-water was simulated under laboratory conditions using groundwater samples collected from existing hand-dug wells at D Line area of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Different doses of the oxidants (i.e. Sodium persulphate and Potassium ferioxalate) were added to samples of ground-water. The treated water samples were left to equilibrate for 7 days, after which the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) contents of the samples were measured..

Key words: Sodium Persulphate, Ground water Simulation, Potassium Ferrioxalate, Petroleum products.

[1]. Claudia T. Benatti, C. Regina G. Tavares, T. and Aparecida G. (2006). "Optimization of Fenton‟s oxidation of chemical laboratory wastewaters using the response surface methodology‟. Journal of Environmental Management, 80:66-74.
[2]. David X. Li, F. Schwartz, W. (2004). "DNAPL remediation with chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate.II. Increasing removal efficiency by dissolving Mn oxide precipitates‟. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 68:269-287.
[3]. Eawag, (2017), "Putting geogenic contamination on the map‟.Department of Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development; UID-Number CHE-116.133.529
[4]. Gavrilescu, M. (2005) "Fate of pesticides in the environment and its remediation". Eng. Life Sci. 5, 497–526.
[5]. Hao Wu, Lina Sun, Hui Wang, Xiaoxu Wang, (2016); 'Persulfate Oxidation for the Remediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils'; Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110044, China; Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 25, No. 2, 851-857..

Abstract: Composite breads enriched with different forms of nutritive supplements are being tried globally to enhance the nutritive value of the ubiquitous bread. In the present study, baked products supplemented with coconut residue (CR) flour, a coarse fibrous residue obtained during the cold-press production of virgin coconut oil (VCO), were formulated. CR-Composite breads were made by mixing CR flour with whole wheat flour and fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as well as Baker's yeast. The CR-composite breads were evaluated for physical, nutritional and shelf life properties, and compared with the commercially available white bread. The nutritive content of both the types............

Keywords: Coconut residue, Coconut flour, LAB, Selenium, composite bread, gluten-free biscuits

[1]. Dewettinck K, Bockstaele V, Kuhne F, Van de Walle B, Courtens T and Gellynck X. Nutritional value of bread:Influence of processing, food interaction and consumer perception. Rev. J. Cereal sci. 48, 2008, 243-257.
[2]. Aider M, Sirois-Gosselin M and Boye JI. Pea, Lentil andChickpea Protein Application in Bread making. Journal of Food Research 1(4) 2012.
[3]. Oyeku OM, Kupoluyi CF, Osibanjo AA, Orji CU, Ajuebor FN, Ajiboshin IO and Asiru WB. An economic assessment of commercial production of 10% cassava. J Ind Res Technol. 2(1) 2008.
[4]. Das L, Raychaudhri U, and Chakraborty R. Effects of baking conditions on the physical properties of herb bread using RSM. Int. J. Food Agri. Vet. Sci. 2, 2012, 106–114.
[5]. Dendy DV. Composite flour - past, present and the future: a review with special emphasis on the place of composite flour in the semi-arid zones. In M I Gomez, L R House, LW Rooney, & DV Dendy (Eds.), Utilization of sorghum and millets, ICRISTAT, 1992, 67–73.

Abstract: The study analysed the effects of flooding on household meal frequency in agrarian communities of Anambra and Imo States in the Southeastern region of Nigeria. The study was questionnaire-based and descriptive statistics was used to analyse the normal (before flooding) meal frequency and the after-flood meal frequency of female-headed and male-headed households in order to capture the influence of flooding on households' daily meal frequency. The results show that flooding caused a 60.8% reduction in the number of households with the apparent standard meal frequency of thrice daily (three square meal) and increased households that ate twice daily to 23.5%, invariably leading to malnutrition. Additionally, there was an observed gender-based disparity in the proportions of households affected with the female-headed households affected the most as it recorded............

Keywords: flooding, meal frequency, female-headed household, Anambra, Imo, south eastern Nigeria.

[1]. Adeloye, A. and Rustum R. ( 2011). Lagos (Nigeria) flooding and influence of urban planning. Journal of Urban Design and Planning (ICE), 164 (3), 175 –187.
[2]. Adewuyi, T. O. and Olofin, E. A. (2014). Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Flood Incidence in Nigeria and Its Implication for Land Degradation and Food Security. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(2),150-159.
[3]. Ajaero, C.K. (2017). A gender perspective on the impact of flood on the food security of households in rural communities of Anambra state, Nigeria. Food Security 9 (4), 685–695
[4]. Ajaero, C.K. and Mozie, A.T. (2014). Socio-demographic differentials in vulnerability to flood disasters in rural Southeastern Nigeria. A paper presented at the International Seminar on Demographic Differential Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in the Context of Climate Change Adaptation, Kao Lak, Thailand.
[5]. Akukwe, T. I. (2007). Environmental Quality and the Impact of Bureau for Environment and Sanitation in Owerri Urban Area, Imo State, Nigeria (Unpublished B.Sc project). Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

Abstract: Natural ecosystems of wetlands and lakes had experienced a great destruction by human activities in all the regions of the world. This paper demonstrated the application of remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the Mesopotamianwetland in the southern Iraqi for the purpose of monitoring the environmental change induced by severe human activities. Using open source available satellite imagery from Landsat achieve in United State Geological Survey (SUGS). Supervised classification, unsupervised classification techniques and maximum likelihood algorithm were used to produce maps to detect the changes that had occurred between 1985 and 2000(15 years). The study revealed that land cover decreased by 85.37%, desert increased by 46.32%, deep water dropped to only 2.31% and shallow water disappeared completely.

Keywords: Degradation, Marshland, Mesopotamian, wetland, Landsat imagery..

[1]. Abdullah, A. D., Masih, I., van der Zaag, P., Karim, U. F. A., Popescu, I., & Al Suhail, Q. (2015). Shatt al Arab river system under escalating pressure: A preliminary exploration of the issues and options for mitigation. International Journal of River Basin Management, 13(2), 215–227. 10.1080/15715124.2015.1007870
[2]. Adriansen, H. K. (2004). What happened to the Iraqi Marsh Arabs and their land? The myth about Garden of Eden and the noble savage (No. 2004: 26). DIIS Working Paper.
[3]. Al-Hilli, M. A., Warner, B. G., Asada, T., & Douabul, A. (2009). An assessment of vegetation and environmental controls in the 1970s of the Mesopotamian wetlands of southern Iraq. Wetlands Ecology & Management, 17(3), 207-223. Doi: 10.1007/s11273-008-9099-1.
[4]. Berakhi, R. O., Oyana, T. J., & Adu-Prah, S. (2014). Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, east Africa.African Geographical Review, 34(3), 209–231. 10.1080/19376812.2014.912140
[5]. Faid, A. M. & Abdulaziz, A. M. (2012). Monitoring land-use change-associated land development using multitemporal Landsat data and geoinformatics in Kom Ombo area, south Egypt. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33(22), 7024–7046. 10.1080/01431161.2012.697207.

Abstract: Lead and Cadmium are among the major toxic heavy metal contaminants found in anthropogenic soil. However, there has been a growing concern on human health risk from these metals bioaccumulation in vegetables grown on such contaminated soils. This study investigated lead and cadmium bioaccumulation in Amaranthus cruentus and the implications on human health. Pot culture experiments were carried out in which A. cruentus plants were grown in soil contaminated with varying concentrations of lead and cadmium salts (100 mgPb/kg+10 mgCd/kg, 200 mgPb/kg+20 mgCd/kg, and 400 mgPb/kg+40 mgCd/kg). Plants in the control soil were grown without the heavy metals salts. Plant growth was observed under greenhouse conditions and plants were harvested after five and ten weeks..........

Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Amaranthus cruentus, Heavy metal bioaccumulation.

[1]. Ejazul Islam, Xiao-e Y, Zhen-li H, Qaisar M (2007) Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B; Volume 8, Issue 1, 1-13
[2]. Kuffner M, Puschenreiter M, Wieshammer G, Gorfer M, Sessitsch A (2008) Rhizosphere bacteria affect growth and metal uptake of heavy metal accumulating willows. Plant Soil 304, 35–44.
[3]. Duruibe JO, Ogwuegbu MOC, Egwurugwu JN (2007) Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 2, 112–118. [4]. Yi Y, Yang Z, Zhang S (2011) Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Environmental Pollution, 159(10), 2575-2585.
[5]. Jarup L (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull; 68:167-82..

Abstract: Cyanide is a chemical that is widely distributed in the environment and had harmful effects both on the environment and human life, if not properly managed. Soil remediation is among the most expensive treatments in the world nowadays. The objective of this research is to degrade the effect of cassava effluent through bioremediation means. To achieve this aim, thirty plastic buckets were filled with top soil and ponded with cassava effluent for twenty days consistently, and later divided into two lots. One of the lots was treated with organic soap solutionfor three days; after which the following parameters (cyanide, Zine, Copper, Nickel, Chromium, Potassium, Sodium and Phosphorous) were tested on the two lots. The results show degradation of the cyanide and heavy metals in the soil;and stabilization of the soil is a function of time,faster with treated soil samples. From the results, organic soap had significant...........

Keywords: Bioremediation, environment, Degradation, cassava effluent, organic soap.

[1]. Ademoroti, C.M.A. (1996). Standard methods for water and effluents analysis. Foludex Press Limited, Ibadan.
[2]. Akinnifesi, T.A., Asubiojo, O.I., &Amusan, A.A. (2006). Effects of fungicideresidues on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils of a majorcocoa-producing area of Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment,366:876-879.
[3]. Alesii, B.A., & Fuller, W.H. (1976). The mobility of three cyanideforms in soils. In: Residual management by land disposal,Proceedings of the Hazardous Waste Research Symposium, February2–4, 1976, Tucson, Arizon, W.H. Fuller, ed. EPA-600/9-76-015. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
[4]. Alström, S.& Burns, R.G. (1989). Cyanide production by rhizobacteriaas a possible mechanism of plant growth inhibition. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 7:232–238.
[5]. AOAC, (2002). Official Methods of Analysis. 13th edition. Association Analytical Chemists.Washington D.C.

Abstract: Composites of ZnO-TiO2 powders have been prepared by simple combustionmethod using TiO2 (rutile) as support and ZnSO4.7H2O as precursor for ZnO. To study the effect of constituent and combustion temperature on particle size and shape, two different molar ratios like 1:1 and 2:1 of ZnO-TiO2 were prepared at 450 oC and 750 oC temperatures.For complete characterization of the prepared composites,Reflectance measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), FT-IR Spectroscopy, and X-ray powder Diffractometry (XRD) techniques were used.The 35-40 nm needles shaped, and 90-95 nm nano sized spherical composite particles were foundat 750 oC and 450 oC respectively. The photocatalytic behavior of the prepared 2:1 ZnO-TiO2composites...........

Keywords: Combustion method, Kinetics study, Organic pollutant, Photodegradation, SEM, ZnO-TiO2 composite..

[1] . G. D. Boundjou, E. Amouzou, T. Kodom, I.Tchakala, K. Anodi, L. M. Bawa, Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange II Using MesoporousTiO2 (P25) and fenton reactive (Fe2+/H2O2), International Journal of Environmental Science, Management and Engineering Research, 1(2), 2012, 91-96.
[2] . C. Galindo, P. Jacques, A. Kalt, Photochemical and photocatalyticdegradation of an indigoid dye:a case study of acid blue 74 (AB74),journal of photochemistry and photobiology Applied chemistry, 141, 2001, 47–56
[3] . R.M.Gong, M.Li, C. Yang, Y.Z. Sun, J. Chen, Removal of cationic dyes fromaqueous solution by adsorption on peanut hull, Journal ofHazardous Materials,121, 2005, 247–250.
[4] . J. Fernández, J. Kiwi, J. Baeza, J. Freer, C. Lizama,H.D. Mansilla, Orange II photocatalysison immobilised TiO2, Effect of the pH andH2O2, Applied Catalysis Environmental, 48,2004, 205–211
[5] . K. Rajeshwar, M.E. Osugi,W. Chanmanee, C.R.Chenthamarakshan,M.V.B. Zanoni, P. Kajitvichyanukul,R. Krishnan-Ayer,Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment oforganicdyes in air and aqueous media,Journalof Photochemistry and Photobiology, 9, 2008, 171–192.

Abstract: A selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method for Nickel (II) determination using 3-Hydroxy-3-m-tolyl-1-p-methoxyphenyltriazene is described. The physical characteristic of the reagent was light yellow shinning needles with the melting point of 1120C. The elemental analysis results agreed very well with those of theoretical for C, H and N. Nickel (II) reacts with the reagent in pH range of 8.0-8.3 to give a yellow colored complex with a composition of 1:2 at a working wavelength of 412nm. The molar absorptivity coefficient, Lambert-Beer's Law range and stability constant (Log10β) were 20800dm3 mol-1cm-1, 0.25-1.25x10-5M and 10.4091 respectively. The complex with............

Keywords: hydroxytriazene, Nickel (II), environmental sample, spectrophotometric, interferences, elemental analysis.

[1]. Ahmad, M. S. A., & Ashraf, M. (2012). Essential roles and hazardous effects of nickel in plants. In Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology (pp. 125-167). Springer New York.

[2]. Cempel, M., & Nikel, G. (2006). Nickel: A review of its sources and environmental toxicology. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(3).

[3]. Cortez, L.A.S., & Ching, J.A. (2014). Heavy metal concentration of dumpsite soil and accumulation in Zea mays (corn) growing in a closed dumpsite in Manila, Philippines. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 5(1), 77.

[4]. Chen, C., Huang, D., & Liu, J. (2009). Functions and toxicity of nickel in plants: recent advances and future prospects. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water, 37(4‐5), 304-313.

[5]. Fabiano, C., Tezotto, T., Favarin, J. L., Polacco, J. C., & Mazzafera, P. (2015). Essentiality of nickel in plants: a role in plant stresses. Frontiers in plant science, 6, 754..

Abstract: Determination of water quality parameters,ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus utilizationbyDuckweed (Lemnaminor) and growth performance of Oreochromisniloticuswascarried outfor6weeks in the concrete rearing ponds. Thestudywas conductedin 5 concrete ponds of 4 m x 2.5 m x 1 m tagged, Pond A, B, C, D and E (control). Using ANOVA, the effect of Lemnaminor was significant (P˂ 0.05) in pond A, B, C, and D and the growth performance of Oreochromisniloticus in pond A, B, C, and D were also significant (P ˂0.05) with survival rate of 95%. However, In Pond E, the effect of Lemna minor and performance characteristics of Oreochromisniloticus..........

Keywords: water quality, Oreochromisniloticus,Lemnaminor, eutrophication, phytoremediation

[1]. Ansal MD, Dhawan A, Kaur VI (2010). Duckweed based bio-remediation of village ponds: An ecologically and e
conomically viable integrated approach for rural development through aquaculture. Livest.Res. Rural Dev. 22, Article # 129 Retrieved Feb 3, 2013, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/7/ansa22129.htm.
[2]. Willett D (2005) Duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems: Design aspects and integrated reuse options for Queensland conditions. Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries. DPI & F Publication's Brisbane. 24 pp. http://www.dcm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/file/0015/43143/14e.pdf
[3]. Vajpayee P, Rai, UN, Sinha S, Tripathi RD, Chandra P (1995) Bioremediation of tannery effluent by aquatic macrophytes. Bull Environ ContToxicol ;55:546–53 [23]
[4]. Chandra P, Sinha S, Rai UN (1997). Bioremediation of Cr from water and soil by vascular aquatic plants. In: Kruger EL, Anderson TA, Coats JR, editors. Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants. ACS SymposiumSeries, Vol. 664.Washington, DC7American Chemical Society;.p. 274–82.
[5]. Chen YX, Zhu ZX, He ZY.(1994) Pollution behaviour of organic Cr(III) complexes in soil–plant system. Chin J Appl Ecol;5:187–91.

Abstract: Red dragon fruit is consumed in fresh condition, and the skin is in the waste still contains about 8.4% sugar component. The composition of nutritional value of sugar on red dragon fruit skin has potential as raw material of nata. The aim of this research is to know the effect of soybean sprout cooking water and Acetobacter xylinum on weight and thickness of Nata de Pitaya. The design of the research was using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) Factorial. Data were analyzed using Variant Analysis followed by DMRT test. The results showed that the addition of soybean sprout cooking water and Acetobacter xylinum have significant effect on the weight and thickness of Nata de Pitaya (P <0,05). The combination of treatments that produced the heaviest and thickest Nata de Pitaya...........

Keywords: Decoction of Soybean Stew, Acetobacter xylinum, Weight and Thickness Nata de Pitaya.

[1]. Harvey, F. I. W., Januar, J., & Kusmiati, A. 2009. Trend Produksi dan Prospek Pengembangan Komoditas Buah Naga di Kabupaten Jember. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 3(2), 71-78.
[2]. Pribadi, Y,S., Sukatiningsih., Sari,P. 2014. Formulasi Tablet Evervecent Berbahan Baku Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizuz) dan Buah Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight. Walp). Berkala Ilmiah Pertnian. 1 (4).
[3]. Jamilah, B., Shu, C. E., Kharidah, M., Dzulkily, M. A., & Noranizan, A. 2011. Physico-chemical characteristics of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel. International Food Research Journal, 18(1).
[4]. Nur'aini, H., & Eva, R. S. 2016. Quality Identification of Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus undatus) Nata with Sucrose Concentration Variation.

[5]. Manoi, F. 2016. Penambahan ekstrak ampas nanas sebagai medium campuran pada pembuatan nata de cashew. Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, 18(1)..

Abstract: Study was conducted in the Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur to assess and determine the effect of psychotropic bacteria in dairy product.Six samples of dairy products which included Yogurt and Pasteurized milk were used in this research, the two samples (AL-Safi yogurt & Dutch lady pure farm UHT pasteurized milk) were brought from Kajang Arab shop, the second sample (Al-Khwaja& Nestle profesional pack full cream milk UHT) were brought from Serdang mines while the last sample (Al-Sharq& Nestle low fat milk UHT) were brought from DeCentrum city mall, Super Seven) and incubated at 4oC for three weeks for bacterial identification. Following the incubation and isolation of samples, 99% of Gram negative bacillus bacteria which is Pseudomonas euroginosa was isolated from the samples on the 20th day and 1% of Gram positive cocci bacteria (Staphylococci.........

Keywords: Latent period, Pseudomonas euroginosa, Yogurt, Pasteurized milk

[1]. Ananthanarayan, (2000). Review of literature shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/33932/3/chapter2.pdf. pp.1.
[2]. Baranyi J, Roberts TA, (2000). Principles and Application of Predictive Modeling of the Effects of Preservative Factors on Microorganisms. In: Lund BM, Baird-Parker TC, Gould GW, editors. The Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food. Aspen Publishers, Inc. pp. 342–358.
[3]. Ben Moussa, O., Mankai, M., Ben Fekih, A., &Hassouna, M. (2013). Effect of the lactoperoxidase system on proteolysis and physicochemical changes in ultra-high temperature milk during storage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12, 20412050. http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/article/viewFile/26469/16912
[4]. Dufour S., Dohoo I. R., Barkema H. W., Descôteaux L., Devries T. J., Reyher K. K., et al.. (2012). Manageable risk factors associated with the lactational incidence, elimination, and prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 1283–1300. 10.3168/jds.2011-4711.
[5]. Fawole, M.O. and Oso, B.A. (2007). Laboratory manual of Microbiology. 5th edition. Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan..