IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-13 ~ Issue-12 ~ December. 2019

Abstract: Ambient air quality of the Rivers State Industrial Area at Omoku/Obrikom, ONELGA, Rivers State was carried out by carrying out in-situ measurement of the levels of gases and volatile organic acids in three site (SS1 – SS3) located within the IPS facility and a control (SS4) outside. Measurement was carried out using standard instruments (aeroqual, 500 series) with different sensors from January to April 2019. Result indicate that the mean levels in parts per million (ppm) of the gases at the turbine area (SS3) were higher than other sites. Perceived impacts of bad air quality included breathing problems and irritation. Observed values were compared with standard values stipulated by Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) to investigate the level of appliance to environmental air quality..

Keywords: Air quality, pollution, emission, public health

[1]. Akinfolarin O.M., Boisa, N., Obunwo C.C. (2017). Assessment of Particulate Matter- Based Air Quality Index in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. J. Environ Anal Chem 4: 224 Doi: 10.4172/2380-2391.1000224.
[2]. Al-Salem, S. M., A1- Fadhlee, A. A. & Khan, A.R. (2009). Ambient air quality assessment of Al-Mansoriah residential area in the State of Kuwait. Journal of England Research 6: 52-63.
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[4]. Cecile H., Laurence R., Robert V., Matthias B., Anne D., Christian E., Jean-Marie F., Laure M., Frederik M., Laurent M., Daniel M., Aline P., Vincent-Henri P., Nathalie P., (2008). Predictability of European Air Quality: Assessment of 3 years of Operational Forecast and Analyses by the PREV AIR system. Journal of Geographical Research: Atmosphere/ Volume 113, Issue D4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jD008761
[5]. Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA, 2011). Development, operation and management of a national ambient air passive sampling campaign. Pretoria. Department of Environmental Affairs Publication.

Abstract: Kojic acid was a microbial metabolite produced by many species of Aspergillus, Acetobacter, and Penicillium. Kojic acid was widely used as a food additive for preventing enzymatic browning, and in cosmetics as a skin-lightening or bleaching agent. In this paper, experiment results showed that the fermentation product could be effectively recovered with crystallization processes. Through 3 times crystallization, kojic acid's purity could be able to reach 97.30%, with a total extraction rate above 70%. Activated carbon decolorized the extracts well; the optimum decolorization was done at 70 ℃, with 2% of activated carbon added, under natural pH for 30mins..

Keywords: Kojic acid extraction, Tropical fruits, Storage and preservation

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[5]. R Mohamad, A B. Ariff (2007).Biotrans formation of various carbon sources to kojic acid by cell-bound enzyme system of A. flavus Link 44-1[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 35:203~209

Abstract: Property taxation is a practice whereby a payment is imposed on ownership and other legal interests in land and buildings in order to improve the life of the citizens. The aim of the study is to examine property taxation as an alternative source of budget funding in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The study adopted both primary and secondary data source, the sample size adopted is 50 and this include 35 employees of tax authority and 15 tax payers, internal and reliability test was done using cronbach's alpha test of 0.0805 while Pearson product moment correlation was used for the hypothesis test. The study revealed that the type of tax collected in kebbi state include; personal income tax, development levy, capital gain tax sign board and advertisement permit fees among others and also revealed that from 2012 to 2016 there has been steady increase in the contribution of property tax towards the funding of the state budget and therefore the study recommended that more awareness should be created for the citizens through the media outlets especially in the local languages in the state.

[1]. Afuberoh, D. and Okoye E. (2014) The Impact of Taxation on Revenue Generation in Nigeria: A Study of Federal Capital Territory and Selected States. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR), Vol. 2, March., 2014 Retrieved from http://www.rcmss.com on 15th February, 2016
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[3]. Alo, E.N. (2012). Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Finance in Nigeria. World Journal of Education, 2(5): 19-27
[4]. Appaih-kubi, K. (2004), Property Tax as a source of Local Government Finance in Ghana. Legon Journal of Sociology 1(2) 2004: 133-147
[5]. Atakpa, M., Ocheni, S. & Nwankwo, B.C. (2012). Analysis of Options for Maximizing Local Governmnet Internally Generated Revenue in Nigeria, International Journal of Learning and Development, 2(5): 94-104

Abstract: Mapping is a processing of delinating an area either on, under or above the earth surface, mapping of an area for the pupose of rice farming is not a common phenomeno in Nigeria. This work therefore seeks to use the Remote sensing and Geographic Information Sysytem (GIS) to map area suitable for rice farming within Suru Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Soil test was carried out in Thirty (30) different locations, Eighteen (18) of which meet up with both the physical and Chemical criterial for determing area suitable for rice farming. Suru local government was carved out of the map of kebbi state, Landsat 8 OLI was download from USGS, the study area was clipped, processed and classified into two board categories using supervied classification, the Area suitable for rice farming delinated as Silt Clay area and the unsuitable area which covers water bodies, roads, forest and other soil......

Keywords: Rice Farming, Remote Sensing, GIS, Soil

[1]. Abuzar, M. and Ryan, S. (2001). Integrating multi-source remote sensing data for soil mapping in Victoria. Geoscience and Remote Sensing 6:2495-2497.
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[3]. Ali, R. R. (2008). Digital Soil Mapping for Optimum Land Uses in some Newly Reclaimed Areas West of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2:165-173. Asadi, S. S., Vasantha Rao,
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Abstract: The world has recorded severaldisasters within this decade, most of which are deadly, apart from lives and propertieslost, Billions of dollars have been wasted and used to build camps and relocation of victims. One of the commonest of them is flood. In Asia, Europe, Africa and Arab Nation this menace as being a serious threat to national development. Argungu is well-known town for its Argungu Fishing festival, this same local government has experienced several degree of flood. This paper seeks to provide one of the solution that can assist in solving problem of flood by providing the floodplain map of Argungu local government of Nigeria. The GIS and Remote Sensing method was used. Landsat Image and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM Data were downloaded from USGS Earth Explorer. Subsetting (Clipping), correction for cloud cover and atmospheric effect was made, the image was classified into four classes using the supervised classification approach. These areCommunities

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Abstract: Aim and Objectives: Human diseases are usually treated with antibiotics but most microorganisms have developed resistance to chemically synthesized antibiotics necessitating the use of alternatives such as biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study examined antibacterial potency of extracellular AgNPs synthesized by Bacillus species on enteric bacteria isolated from some water samples from Onyearugbulem market, Akure. Methodology: Isolation of enteric bacteria and Bacillus species was carried out according to standard microbiological procedures, and isolates identified using biochemical tests and molecular analysis. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Bacillus spp broth. Antibacterial assay was carried out on some enteric bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity discs containing 10 antibiotics was used as positive control. Results: Escherichia coli, Shigella......

[1]. Fayaz AM Balaji K. Girilal M Yadav R Kalaichelvan PT Venketesan, R. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics: a study against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine. 2010; 6: 103–109.
[2]. Sriram MI Kanth SB Kalishwaralal K Gurunathan S. Antitumor activity of silver nanoparticles in Dalton's lymphoma ascites tumor model. International Journal of Nanomedicine.2010; 9:753–762.
[3]. Huh AJ Kwon YJ. "Nanoantibiotics": a new paradigm for treating infectious diseases using nanomaterials in the antibiotics resistant era. Journal of Controlled Release. 2011; 156: 128 - 145.
[4]. Verma VC Kharwar RN Gange AC. Biosynthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus clavatus. Nanomedicine. 2010; 5(1): 33-40.
[5]. Rajesh S Raja DP Rathi JM Sahayaraj K.. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ulva fasciata (Delile) ethyl acetate extract and its activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. Journal of Biopesticides. 2012; 5: 119 – 128.

Abstract: There has been tremendous urbanization in the study area from 2000 to 2018. As a result of increasing construction activities there exists an increase in the number of floor plastering, dark colored roofs and buildings. These Pavements, dark-colored roofs, and similar surfaces absorb more sunlight, trap heat, and increase local temperatures. This research used satellite data (Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI imageries acquired in 2000, 2010 and 2018) to examine the dynamic effect of Urban Heat Island in Ilaro town in Ogun state, Nigeria. Supervised classification algorithm in ENVI was used to classify the images into five land use /land cover classes (built up, bare lands, vegetation and cultivated/mixed vegetation). Landsat 8 OLI, Landsat 7ETM+ and Landsat 5 TM, were used for the LULC mapping and Land Surface Temperature analysis and the result showed that remote sensing images can be used to investigate how the LULC affects the surface temperature of the study area. The surface temperature of the different classes was recorded for each year and the urban thermal field variance........

Keywords: Classification, Land Surface Temperature (LST), Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Satellite, Urbanization, Urban Heat Island (UHI), Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI)

[1]. Abbas, M., Jason, B., & Tristan, J. B. (2017). The urban heat island effect, its causes, and mitigation, with reference to the thermal properties of asphalt concrete. Journal of Environmental Management, 522-538.
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[3]. Abu Yousuf, M. A., Arif , M., Mohammed, S. G., Md. Abdullah , A., Quazi , K. H., & Ashraf , D. (2019). Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Heterogeneous Coastal Region of Bangladesh between 1990 and 2017. Remote Sensing, 2.
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Abstract: Urban growth in population has been a major factor that alters natural morphology and vegetation on an area. This paper presents research result on Influence of Climate Change on Morphology and vegetation of Billiri/Kaltungo Land Use Gombe State Nigeria, Remote Sensing and GIS Approach. The goal is to determine the consequences of various climatic changes on land form nd vegetation alteration over the period from 1986 to 2005 (19 years). Data on climate (temperature and rainfall) were obtained for two decades from Nigeria meteorological Agency and State Ministry of Agricultural Development Project in order to determine climatic variation over time. Satellite images of 1986 and 2005 were acquired and classified into four categories. Data on the total farmlands, altered morphology and vegetation sizes of the classified Land sat image (ETM+) were generated from EDRISI TAIGA. Change detection analysis by area difference on the morphology revealed significant changes in the areas land use and land.......

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Abstract: Climate variability is variation of climate elements from thelongterm mean state. Climate variability may result from natural internal processes within the climate system or from natural or anthropogenic external forces. Kenya's climate system is marked by spatial variations between its regions and temporal variation across all timescales. The nature of climate variability therefore differs along and across different spatial and temporal contexts.Climate variability in the context of Tharaka South Subcounty has however not been studied in detail to enable clear understanding of past and currently prevailing climatic status and trends. No studies have also been done to analyze household's resilience to climate variability in Tharaka South Subcountydespite the fact that climate variability resilience building is site specific. This therefore called for a detailed study aimed at analyzing climate variability in the context of Tharaka South Subcounty. This study is based on the sustainable livelihoods framework and uses a descriptive study design. It employed multi stage sampling design with data being collected from primary and secondary sources. Analysis was done using thematic analysis, descriptive analysis and inferential.

Key words: Climate variability,household resilience index, livelihood assets, livelihood strategies resilience, sustainable livelihoods framework, vulnerability context

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