IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2019

Abstract: Raw clay collected from Ire-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, was used to adsorbsome heavy metals (Pb2+, Cr3+, Ni2+ and Cu2+) from aqueous solution of the metals.A laboratory batch adsorption study was performed to study the effect of concentration, pH, particle size, temperature and agitation time on adsorption characteristics of the adsorbates on the raw kaolinite clay. The experimental variables were found to have significant effect on metals sorption with an optimum pH of 5.0, 0.50g adsorbent dose, 200μm particle size and 50mL adsorbatesolutions. Equilibrium sorption was obtained for Pb2+, Cr3+, Cu2+ and Ni2+at 40, 60, 60, and 70 min respectively. The effect of temperature showed that the adsorption process was exothermic for Pb2+ while that of Cr3+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ showed endothermic.The adsorption capacity of the clay for the metal ions is as follow: Pb2+>Cu2+> Cr3+>Ni2+ with percentage removal of 99.3, 80, 70.9 and 68.7 respectively. Efficiency of the raw clay showed possible suitability for removal of metals in their respective contaminated medium.

Keywords: adsorbate; adsorption; kaolinite; heavy metals; modification; equilibrium

[1]. Adebowale K.O., Unuabonah I.E. and Olu-Owolabi B.I. (2003). Adsorption of Some Heavy Metals on Sulphate and Phosphate Modified Kaolinite ClayUnited Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization and International Atomic Energy Agency
[2]. Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2011).Industrial wastes as low-cost potential adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater laden with heavy metals, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.116 36–59.
[3]. Akinola O.O. and Ademilua, O.L. (2014). Compositional Features and Functional Industrial Applications of the Lateritic Clay Deposits in Oye-Ekiti and Environs, Southwestern Nigeria The International Journal of Science andTechnoledge2321 – 919.
[4]. Akpomie K.G, Odewole O.A, Ibeji C.U, Okagu O.D and Agboola I.I. (2017).Enhanced Sorption of Trivalent Chromium unto Novel Cassava Peel Modified Kaolinite Clay.Der PharmaChemica, 9(5):48-55
[5]. Awokunmi, E.E and Asaolu, S.S. (2017). Physicochemical and performance evaluation of natural and modified Ire-Ekiti clay: Emerging substrate in the de-fluoridation of drinking water. Journal of physical and chemical sciences5: 2348-3270.

Abstract: Aflatoxin (AF) levels and mycoflora contamination levels were determined in beer samples sold in the market and bars in Enugu metropolis. The beer samples of 12 foreign beer samples and 78local beer samples making a total of 90 samples (39 can beer and 51 bottled beers). A total of 16 (17.8%) of the beer samples were contaminated by fungal agents, with a preponderance of Aspergillus flavus, Penicllium Spp and Trichoderma viridae each with a prevalence of 2 (2.2%). Other organisms including Saccharomyces spp, Geoteichum candidum, Cladosporum spp, Rhizopus spp and Tricophyton schoenlenii, each with 1(1.1%) prevalence. Five samples showed no evidence of germination and hence were unidentifiable fungal growth (Mycelia sterilia). Of these, 6(6.67%).......

Key words: Aflatoxins, detection, beer.

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[3]. Apeh, D.O., Ochai, D.O., Adejumo, A. Muhammed H.L., Saidu A.N., Atenhnkeng J., Adeyemi, R.H., Mailafiya S.C, and Makun H.A.(2016). Mycotoxicological Concerns with Sorghum, Millet and Sesame in Northern Nigeria. Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques. 7:5.
[4]. Arim, R.H. (1995). Present status of aflatoxin situation in the Phillipines. Journal of Food Additives and Contaminants. 12:29-296.
[5]. Arnold, John, P. (2005). Origin and history of beer and brewing from prehistoric time to the beginning of brewing science and technology. pp: 1-2...

Abstract: The tolerance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter species to Carbon furan and Cyahalothrin Pesticides in the soil were investigated. This study employs experimental design and statistical analysis of data and interpretation. Soil samples were collected from the school farm, where there is no history of pesticide application. The toxicity testing was done for a period of 28days, at room temperature. Standard microbiological techniques were used: toxicity testing procedures were carried out by preparing pesticides concentrations of: 0%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25% and 50% and applied to the soil samples for a duration of 28days, taking out samples for analysis at 7days intervals. Median lethal concentration (LC50) was used as indices to monitor the toxicity. The,........

Keywords: Cyahalothrin, Carbon furan, pesticide, toxicity, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, nitrification

[1]. Chen, S. K., Edwards, C. A., and Subler, S. (2001). Effect of fungicides benomyl, captan and chlorothalonil on soil microbial activity and nitrogen dynamics in laboratory incubations
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[3]. Das, A. C., and Mukherjee, D. (1998a). Insecticidal effects on soil microorganisms and the Biochemical processes related to soil fertility. World Journal of Microbiology. Biotechnology. 14, 903– 909.
[4]. Das, A. C., and Mukherjee, D. (2000b). Influence of insecticides on microbial transformation of Nitrogen and phosphorus in Typic Orchragualf soil. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48, 3728–3732.
[5]. Douglas, S. I., Nrior, R. R. and Kpormon, L. B.(2018) Toxicity of Spent Phone Batteries on Microflora in Marine, Brackish and Freshwater Ecosystems. Journal of Advances in Microbiology. 12(2): 1-10,...

Abstract: Currently, urban agriculture is quite developed in many cities of Viet nam, specially in such large cities as Ho Chi Minh and Ha Noi. Despite of the urban agriculture has brought some positive factors such as providing some agricultural products to consumers in the city and increasing income for the land users, but along with the benefits there are also many environmental issues regarding use of pesticides and fertilizers emerging. This research has been implemented in order to assess status of agricultural activities in land planned for housing and facilities for the residents in........

Keywords: Urban agriculture, urban land, soil quality, environment; pesticide.

[1]. Le Huy Ba (2006), Basic Environmental Toxicology, National University Publishing House – Ho Chi Minh City.
[2]. Le Van Truong (2008), Viet nam – Integration and Development: 3rd Vietnam International Conference – 2008 – Ha Noi - Viet nam. [3]. Hoang The Phong (2015), Summary and Information about Treament of Pesticides. https://www.slideshare.net)
[4]. Ibrahim, G. & Richela, P. (2015), Urban Agriculture, State University of New York College of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, New York
[5]. Mistry of Natural Resources and Envirornment of Viet nam (2015), Current status of environmental pollution caused by pesticide residue, Ha Noi – Viet nam https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki.

Abstract: Objectives: The present study described the disaster management and mitigation measures for all natural disasters and gave historical account of all natural disasters. Design and methods: This was a descriptive study. Results: The research paper deals with natural disasters and divided in mitigation measures for earthquakes, floods, drought, landslides, avalanches and cyclones. A brief description of the historical account and recent disasters has been explained. The disaster management and mitigation measures required for saving lives and reducing loss of property have been discussed. Conclusion: It can be concluded that management and mitigation measures described for all natural disasters are beneficial for implementation for saving lives and reducing loss of property.

Keywords: natural disasters, management and mitigation measures, description, saving lives, loss of property

[1]. Vinod Kumar Sharma, Disaster Management (IIPA, New Delhi, 1994).

[2]. Disaster mitigation in asian and the pacific (ADB, Manila, 1991).

[3]. Earthquake problems. Do's and donot's for protection (Department for Earthquake Engineering, Roorkee, 1994). [4]. Ashutosh Gautam, Earthquake-a natural disaster (Ashish, New Delhi, 1994).

[5]. Flood atlas of India (Central Water Commission, New Delhi, 1987).

[6]. Mannual on flood forecasting (Central Water Commission, 1989)..

Abstract: Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver tissue and its presentations ranges from complete asymptomatic to severe liver failure. Among others, the causes include viruses and parasites. In 2005, chronic hepatitis B infected 343 million peopleworldwide. Blood tests and clinical picture are sufficient for diagnosis. Seroepidemiological survey of volunteers was conducted. Three volunteers out of 100 were found infected. Aedesaegyptiwere artificially fed with positive blood samples and were allowed to bite rabbits. The rabbits presented geophagy, loss of appetite, thinning, loss of fur and inflammation of liver. This study provides an evidence for transmission of HBV through mosquito. However, this study is limited to transmission to rabbit. A study of transmission to human is recommended..

Keywords: Blood, Examination, Hepatitis B, Transmission, Virus

[1]. Bnernal, W.andWendon J. (2013).''Acute Liver Failure''.NewEnglandJournalofMedicine.369(26): 2525 - 2534
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[3]. Centres for Disease Control (1999). ''Update:recommendations to prevent hepatitis B virus transmission – United States. MMWR 1999'' cdcgovpreview2016, 48:33 – 34
[4]. Centre for Disease Control (2016). ''Birth-18 Years and Catchup Immunization Schedules for Providers''.Cdcgov vaccines. www.CDC.gov. Retrieved September, 2018
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Abstract: Heavy metals have a capacity to damage the natural ecosystem. There impact is often found to be magnified on biological systems. The present study had been carried out by considering the impact of Lead nitrate on behavioural patterns of crab Barytelphusa guerini. Crabs were exposed to increasing concentrations of Lead nitrate were kept in separate groups. The time period was taken as 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Both their physical and physiological behaviour were recorded and compared against the control group. It was found that the increasing concentrations of Lead nitrate showed a deviant behaviour than normal in feeding, excretion and overall body movements.

Keywords: Lead nitrate, behavioural pattern, Barytelphusa guerini.

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Abstract: The present study was aimed at assessing the effect of co-fermentation time on the nutrients and anti-nutrient contents in sorghum-cowpea flours and sensory attributes of gruels prepared from the flours. Five different portions of sorghum-cowpea mixture (70:30) were prepared and used for the experiment. Portion I was processed into flour without fermentation and served as control sample. Portions 2, 3, 4 and 5 were separately co-fermented for 24, 48, 72 and 96h respectively before processing into flours. The flours were analyzed for proximate composition, amino acid profile, mineral and anti-nutrient contents. Gruels were prepared from the different flours and used for sensory evaluation. The results showed that crude protein, fat, total amino acids and total essential amino......

Keywords: Sorghum, cowpea, co-fermentation time, nutrients, anti-nutrients, sensoryevaluation

[1]. Asres, D. T., Nana, A. and Nega, G. (2018). Complementary feeding and effect of spontaneous fermentation on anti-nutritional factors of selected cereal-based complementary foods.Pediat.Rheumatol., 18:394; https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12887-018-1369.3.
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Abstract: Together with the growth of environmental impacts, the need to produce renewable energy as a form of mitigation has been portrayed as one of the most important and discussed issues in the world. The baronesa phenomenon in the São Francisco River, occurred in the Paulo Afonso-BA microregion, shocked the native population as well as surrounding cities, by the level of consequences resulting from this event. Baronesa (Eichornia Crassipes) found in the region brought with it ecological and financial damages. The present work aims to evaluate the viability of biogas production from this species, based on a case study carried out through samples collected after the phenomenon. An artisanal biodigester was used to fill its interior with the biomass produced from the mixture of baronesa mashed with bovine manure, then it was hermetically isolated for 55 days. Afterwards, the success...........

Keywords: Energy, Biodigester, Sustainability.

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[4]. SOETHE, G. C. Aproveitamento da Massa Visceral da Tilápia para Produção de Biogás. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cascavel, 2014..

Abstract: Today, concern about the environment has been highlighted in many areas of life. Our limited resources are damaged, the current rapid growth in the economy and the patterns of consumers' consumption and behavior worldwide are the main cause of environmental deterioration. The future of human life disturbs this planet, thus thinkers and leaders have to create a solution. The influence of green marketing tools have been analysed in this study, namely the green packaging. Indeed, green packaging has emerged as a solution for several environment-related issues. There is a growing concern about environmental issues among consumers which is forcing manufacturers.........

Keywords: Green packaging, Consumer attitude, Demographic factor, Product characteristics, Environmental concern, Government role.

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Abstract: Pasta is a popular food and its quality can be measured by appearance, flavour and texture. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of pasta supplemented with different quantities of aonla. In the present study four samples (C, C1, C2, and C3) of pasta were prepared by using refined wheat flour and different proportion of aonla powder. Sample C was prepared as control containing only refined wheat flour (100%) while sample C1 (refined wheat flour 99% aonla powder 1% ), C2 (refined wheat flour 97% aonla powder 3%) and C3 (refined wheat flour...........

Keywords: Aonla powder, Refined Wheat Flour, Supplementation, Nutrition.

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