IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2019

Abstract: Wastewater stabilization ponds are large human-made basins in which grey water or faecal sludge can be treated to an effluent of relatively high quality and which may be reused in agriculture (irrigation) or aquaculture (macrophyte or fish ponds). For the most effective treatment, WSPs (wastewater stabilization ponds) should be connected in a series of three or more with effluent being discharged from the anaerobic pond to the facultative pond and, finally, to the aerobic pond. The anaerobic pond is the primary treatment process and reduces the quantity of organic matter in the wastewater. The entire depth of this basin is anaerobic, where anaerobic bacteria act on the organic material present. Solids and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) removal occurs by sedimentation and through subsequent anaerobic digestion inside the accumulated sludge. Anaerobic bacteria transform organic carbon in the wastewater into methane and through this process, remove up to 60% of the BOD.

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Abstract: The study examined the physio-chemical and bacteriological quality of ground water in 37 randomly sampled communities in Eket Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. The water samples were collected from private boreholes at different locations in the communities andanalysed for total viable plate count, total coliform count, faecalcoliform bacteria and physio-chemical properties with a view to assessing its impact on Residents Health. The result of physio-chemical analysis showed high variability in water colour, large homogeneity in temperature and a pH tilted towards acidity. The presence of high volume of bacteria content (specifically coliform count and E.coli which are the major causes of water-borne disease) revealed the poor quality of borehole water and............

Keywords: Water quality; ground water; borehole; health; AkwaIbom State; water borne disease.

[1]. Aimiuwu, D. O. (2008).Impact of Socio-Environmental Characteristics on Quality of Portable Water.
[2]. Anaele, A. (2004). Harbinger of Death.The Punch, 42:25.
[3]. Chukwurah, E.I (2001).Aquatic Microbiology. Onitsha: O.P. Limited.
[4]. Development and Sustainability: A case Study of Benin City. 50th Annual Conference, Department of Geography and Regional Planning. University of Calabar, 25th – 29th August, 2008.
[5]. Graham, J. P. and Polizzonto, M. I. (2013). Soil and their impacts on groundwater quality: A systematic Review. Environmental Health perspectives 12:521-580..

Abstract: This research focus on examining and analyzing the landuse/land cover change detection that occurred over Adamawa State University Mubi during the period between 2001 to 2014 by geospatial modeling approach. Thisresearch was able to detect and identified the land cover changes that occurred duringthe period of 13 years. The multi-temporal satellites images (MSS, TM, and ETM+) coveringthe study area between 2001, 2006, 2012 and 2014 were used as the primary data sourcesfor this research. The global mapper 13 software, Google Earth, and http://glovis.usgs.gov were used for image acquisition while the ArcGIS 10.1 software was used in thedata analysis such as the classification of the image, calculation of areas and visualizationof cartographic features. The study shows...........

Keywords: Land use/Land cover, Change Detection, Remote Sensing, GIS, ASDSU..

[1]. Adebayo AA (2004). Mubi Region. A Geographic Synthesis; Paraclete Publishers, Yola. PP 17 – 37.
[2]. Da Costa, S.M.F., Cintra J.P., 1999, Environmental Analysis of Metropolitan Areas in Brazil, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Vol.54, pp.41-49.
[3]. Kuldeep. T and Kamlesh, K (2011). Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: using GIS & Remote Sensing Technique. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences. V.2, No 1.
[4]. Meyer, W.B. 1995. Past and Present Land-use and Land-cover in the U.S.A. Consequences. p.24-33.
[5]. Manonmani, R. and G.M.D. Suganya, 2010. Remote sensing and GIS application in change detection study in the urban zone using multi-temporal satellite. Int. J. Geomat. Geosci., 1: 60-65...

Abstract: This study was aimed at assessing the concentration of some major elements (Na, Mg, K, Ca and Fe) and trace elements (Cu, Co, Pb and Zn) in surface water in Odukpani, South Eastern Nigeria; a developing area which has its habitants in direct contact with the stream channels and surface waters. The results show the mean pH level in surface water, in comparison to the World Health Organization and the Nigerian Industrial Standard values, alongside the total dissolved solids and the concentration of these elements in specific locations across the area. The concentrations of these elements in surface water can impose serious damage to the organisms in the streams............

Keywords: Atomic Emission Spectrometer, Cross River, Lead, Metal Survey, Nigeria, Odukpani, South-Eastern Nigeria

[1]. A. Ukpong and O. Ekhalialu, Integrated biostratigraphic study of well Etankpini 005(et005) based on foraminiferal and palynological analysis, Calabar Flank; South-Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6(3), 2015, 2229 – 5518.
[2]. N. P. Iloeje, A New Geography of Nigeria, New Rev. Ed. (New York, NY: Longman Nigeria PLC, 2001).
[3]. Cross River Basin Development Authority – CRBDA, Hydrogeological survey of lower Cross River Basin: final report, 2008, 158.
[4]. T. Nganje, A. Hursthouse, E. Aniekan, D. Stirlingand C. Adamu, Assessment of the health risk, aesthetic and agricultural quality of rainwater, surface water and groundwater in the shale bedrock areas, South-Eastern Nigeria. Water Quality, Exposure and Health 7, 2015, 153–178.
[5]. R. Subba, Seasonal variation of groundwater quality in a part of Guhur district, Andhra Pradesh, Indian. Environmental Geology 49, 2006, 413–429...

Abstract: The present study was conducted in some groundnut oil expellers in Kordofan region, Sudan. The objectives of this study to assess the application of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in groundnuts oil expellers in Kordofan region. Ten oil expellers were chosen from Elobeid, Elnuhoud, Umroaba and Elrahad towns according to high production level in those towns. Ready to use questionnaire prepared by Primus lab checklist was used. Data were categorized according to GMP manual. Concerning the first part of GMP i.e. good manufacturing practice requirements (GMPR), the results revealed that the general GMP was not applied in all oil expellers, concerning the second part of GMP (good manufacturing practice file requirements (GMPF)), include pest control requirements the...........

Keywords: Evaluation, GMP, groundnuts oil expellers, food safety file requirements, Kordofan

[1]. AIB (2013).American Institute of Planking, International Consolidated Standards for Inspection, Prerequisite and Food Safety Programs, United Studded. ISBN 9781-880877-02 - 13.1.
[2]. Alli, I (2004). Food quality assurance principle and practice Pp: 34-36 CRC Press LLC, USA.
[3]. Basavaraj, K and Nonwage, M (2008).GMP and cGMP Considerations, Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE University, Belgaum. ISBN 590010.
[4]. David, A. S, Norah, F. S (1991). Principles and Practices for the Safe Processing of Foods Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd Oxford UK 456
[5]. Dias, M .A. C; Sant'Ana, A. S; Cruz; A .G; José de assis, F; De oliveira, C .A. F and Bona, E (2012). On the implementation of good manufacturing practices in a small processing unity of mozzarella cheese in Brazil, Food Control. 24 1–2 199–205...

Abstract: Literature has shown that in many countries of the global south, increasing urban growths since the contemporary urbanization trend has provoked the emergence of new peri-urban settlements with severe governance challenges for sustainable development of cities. This study assessed governance issues and infrastructure provision in fringe settlements of five (5) capital cities in the Benue Basin (Lafia, Makurdi, Lokoja, Jalingo and Yola). In each of the five capital cities, the first two largest peri-urban settlements were selected for the study. The required data was collected through focus group discussions, questionnaires interviews and by field observation..........

Keywords: urban governance, peri-urban settlements, urban infrastructure services

[1]. Anthrop M (2000). Changing patterns in the urbanized countryside of Western Europe. Landscape Ecol. 15: 257-270.
[2]. Avis, A.W. (2016). Urban Governance (Topic guide). Birmingham, U.K GSDR, University of Birmingham.
[3]. Bryant CR, Russman LH, McLellan AG (1982). The city‟s countryside: land and its management in the rural-urban fringe. London: Longman.
[4]. Busck GA, Pilgaard KS, Præstholm S, Reenberg A, Primdahl J (2006).Land system changes in the context of urbanisation - examples from the peri-urban area of greater Copenhagen. Geografik Tidsskrift/Danish J. Geogr. (106): 21-34
[5]. Busck GA, Pilgaard KS, Præstholm S, Reenberg A, Primdahl J (2006). Land system changes in the context of urbanisation - examples from the peri-urban area of greater Copenhagen. Geografik Tidsskrift/Danish J. Geogr. (106): 21-34.

Abstract: Automechanic workshops are engine servicing centres and are source of automobile waste oil, the significant environmental impact associated with automechanic activities is the seepage of waste engine oil into the soil. This study was aimed at identifying the microbial species that are associated with waste engine oil polluted soil in automechanic workshops at Rumuoke and Elechi all in Port Harcourt City using molecular characterization. The soil samples were collected with the aid of a hand augar for microbiological analysis. The data obtained from this study were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple using (DMRT). Based on Duncan multiple...........

Keywords: Automechanic Workshop, Waste Engine Oil Polluted Soil

[1]. Abioye O. P. (2011). Biological Remediation of Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil, Soil Contamination, MSc Simone Pascucci (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-647-8, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/soil-contamination/biological-remediation-of-hydrocarbon-and-heavymetals-contaminated-soil
[2]. Abioye O. P. Agamuthu, P. and Abdul Aziz A. R. (2012). Biodegradation of Used Motor Oil in Soil Using Organic Waste Amendments. Biotechnology Research International Volume 2012, Article ID 587041.
[3]. Abioye, O. P. Agamuthu, P. and Abdul Aziz, A. R. (2012). Biodegradation of Used Motor Oil in Soil Using Organic Waste Amendments. Biotech Res Intl. Article ID 587041, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/587041.
[4]. Adriana Criste, Tabita Hent, Mihaela Giuburuncă, Marius Zăhan1, Monica Niste, Nicodim Fit, Mihai Mitrea. (2016). Characterization of Microorganisms Isolated from Petroleum Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 1(73)1843-536
[5]. Adu, A.A; Aderinola, O.J; Kusemiju, V. (2015). Comparative Effects of Spent Engine Oil and Unused Engine Oil on The Growth And Yield Of Vigna Unguiculata (Cowpea). Intl Jour of Sci and Tech. 3 (4) ISS 2049-7318....

Abstract: Simulation of the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments were carried out in a specially designed 50L dispersion simulation tank by spiking fresh water and saline water with 1ml of crude oil. The required turbulence was achieved using a portable submersible pump. Six samples each were collected at three depths at 15 minutes intervals. Results showed that the concentrations of the PAHs changed with time. PAHs concentrations in fresh water ranged from 1.76ppm-3.31ppm at 5cm, 7.50ppm-40.46ppm at 10cm and 17.31 ppm-25.68ppm at 20cm while in the saline water, the PAHs concentrations ranged from 17.25ppm-20.63ppm at..........

Keywords: Fresh water, Saline water, Simulation, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, water column

[1]. Allan, S.E., Smith, B.W., Anderson, K.A.( 2012). Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Gulf of Mexico coastal waters. Environmental Science & Technology 46, 2033-2039.
[2]. Albers, P.H., 2003. Petroleum and Individual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. In Handbook of cotoxicology, 2nd ed.; Hoffman, D.J., Rattner, B.A., Burton, A.G., Cairns, J., Eds.; CRC Press LLC: Boca Raton, FL, pp. 342-360. [3]. Albert, V.(2015). Expert Panel Report on the Behaviour and Environmental Impacts of Crude Oil Released into Aqueous Environments, Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, ON. ISBN: 978-1928140-02-3.
[4]. Adhikari, P.L., Maiti, K., Overton, E.B.,( 20150. Vertical fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine Chemistry 168, 60-68.
[5]. Babu, T. S., Huang, X. D., Greenberg, B. M., (2002). Reactive oxygen species mediated toxicity of environmental contaminants In: Learned Discourses: TimelyScientific Opinions SETACGlobe, 3(3), 26-28.

Abstract: Diversity of birds and their status were examined in the western ghat regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur districts. Field exploration was made in these areas for a period of 2 years. The objective of the investigation included evaluation of species composition, relative abundance and distribution of avifauna in the selected region. Line and point transect method were used for the survey purpose. A total of 263 species of birds belonging to 61 families of 17 orders were recorded. In the present study 1.9% Anseriformes, 3.8% Columbiformes, 4.56% Galliformes, 3.8% Cuculiformes, 2.66 % Gruiformes, 9.88% Pelicaniformes, 2.28% Charadriiformes, 5.7% Acciptriformes, 0.38% Falconiformes, 2.28% Strigiformes, 0.38% Trogoniformes, 1.9% Bucerotiformes, 7.22% Piciformes, 4.56% Coraciiformes, 1.9% Psittaciformes, 0.76 Caprimulgiformes and 46.007% Passeriformes were recorded.

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[2]. Balachandran, S., A.R. Rahmani, N. Ezhilarasi, S. Babu, J.P.P. Chakravarthy & T. Ramesh (2005).Revaluation of bird community structure of Palni Hills with special reference to threatened and endemic species. Final Report. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, 105pp.

[3]. Basavarajappa, S. (2006). Avifauna of agro-ecosystems of maiden area of Karnataka. Zoo's Print 21(4):2217-2219.

[4]. Few examples of Indian ecosystems: forest, grassland, freshwater, marine and estuarine. - Scientific Figure on Research Gate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Forests-types-of-India-as-per-classification-of-Champion-and-Seth-1968_fig7_319768709 [accessed 6 Mar, 2019]

[5]. Islam, M.Z. & A.R. Rahmani (2004). Important Bird Areas in India: Priority Sites for Conservation. Indian Bird Conservation Network: Bombay Natural History Society and BirdLife International (UK), xxvii+1133pp...