IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-13 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2019

Abstract: The biochemical responses of antioxidant defense system in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) liver after exposed to municipal sewage treatment plant (MSTP) effluent were investigated. In this study, C. auratus was exposed to the increaseing concentrations (v/v, 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) of MSTP effluents for 12 days, and the biochemical responses of antioxidant defense system in Carassius auratus livers were investigated, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results indicated that MDA contents and GPx activities in C. auratus livers showed a universal increase trend (P<0.05), while GSH contents and AChE activities were decreased significantly (P<0.05) as......

Keywords: Biochemical response, Crucian carp, Effluent, Municipal sewage treatment plant

[1]. N. Bolong, A. F. Ismail, M. R. Salim, and T. Matsuura, A review of the effects of emerging contaminants in wastewater and options for their removal, Desalination, 239(1-3), 2009, 229-246.
[2]. R. Wan, F. Meng, W. Fu, Q. Wang, and E. Su, Biochemical responses in the gills of Meretrix meretrix after exposure to treated municipal effluent, Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 111, 2015, 78-85.
[3]. M. L. Hannam, S. D. Bamber, R. C. Sundt, and T. S. Galloway, Immune modulation in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis exposed to north sea produced water, Environmental Pollution, 157(6), 2009, 1939-1944.
[4]. P. Samanta, H. Im, J. Yoo, et al, Comparative assessment of the adverse outcome of wastewater effluents by integrating oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in endemic fish, J Hazard Mater, 344, 2018, 81-89.
[5]. P. Samanta, H. Im, J. Na, and J. Jung, Ecological risk assessment of a contaminated stream using multi-level integrated biomarker response in Carassius auratus, Environ Pollut, 233, 2018, 429-438...

Abstract: Iodine in Solanumnigrum, Amaranthaceaeand Cucurbitacucurbitaceawas pre-concentrated using new adsorbent of a powdered mixture of millet tassels (MT), maize cobs (MC) and beans husks (BH). Prior to its use, powdered MT, MC and BH were separately treated with thionylchloride (SOCl2) in dimethylformaldehyde (DMF), filtered then dried. The resulting solid was refluxed in ethylenediamine for 4 hours. The surface characteristics of the adsorbents were determined using fourier transform infrared. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to determine the optimum conditions of pH, concentration, dosage and time for the adsorption of iodine. Correlation coefficient obtains by modelling data to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were compared to determine the best model for adsorption. Sorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first order and pseudo second order.

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Abstract: The shelf stability of ready-to-consumekunun gyada powder samples were evaluated for 9 months by analyzing changes in water activity, colour, development of peroxides and rancidity, microbiological changes and consumer acceptability of the product stored at 24oC±2 and relative humidity of 41±2%. Results showed stability in the water activity (aw) with a range between 0.37and 0.61. The peroxide value (PV) range between 0.19-0.52 meq/kg, KGP5 had the lowest peroxide value 0.19 meq/kg. The thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) of the product was low during the 9 months storage period.Values range between 0.21-0.38 MAE/kg. The kunun gyada powder had no mold, yeast, bacteria and coliform growth during the storage period..........

Keywords: Kunun gyada, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, consumer acceptability and microbiological changes

[1]. Nkama, I., Iliyas, A., & Jato, A. (1995). Studies on the preparation and nutrient composition of kunun gyada, a traditional Nigerian groundnut-cereal-based weaning food. Energy (kcal), 72(62), 59-60.
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[3]. Mbaeyi-Nwaoha, I.E. and J.C. Onweluzo (2013) Functional properties of Sorghum (S. bicolor L) - Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) Flour blends and Storage Stability of Flaked Breakfast formulated from blends. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 12 (4):382-397
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Abstract: Wastewater generated in school and colleges have to take care as it may pollute the ground water if not treated properly. This paper focuses on the design of a STP unit in Bearys Institute of Technology (BIT), Mangalore for the treatment of boy's hostel wastewater of 160 students with 135 LPCD. Physical and chemical characteristics of the wastewater samples showed a low strength in pollutant concentrations. Treatment units were planned and designed based on the existing condition. Equalization tank was designed for flow balancing; however, flash mixer was designed to mix coagulants. Suspended particles can be removed with clariflocculator and generated floc can be sent to the sludge drying bed. Colloidal and finer particles can be removed in rapid gravity filter and disinfection unit was designed for destroying the pathogens and ensuring safe disposal of treated wastewater.

Keywords: Characteristics, Design, Dimension, Sewage, STP

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[3]. Shivaranjani, S.K. and Thomas, L.M., Performance study for treatment of institutional wastewater by activated sludge process, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 8(9), 2017, 376-382.
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Abstract: Pesticides can affect all people's lives and living things. Those may apply on both aquatic biota and environmental ecosystems throughout the world through the food chain, even farmers and families who are using pesticides or are living close to people who use pesticides. The derivation of cognitive performance and behavior in children, as a risk population live in agriculture and expose to pesticides, is one of the effects of pesticide poisoning. This research aims to determine the correlation of pesticide exposure history with IQ (Intelligence Quotient) students from Bandungan 02 Elementary School around the horticulture farming area and Flower Plantations in Bandungan District, Semarang Regency............

Keywords: Pesticide exposure, IQ, elementary school students

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Abstract: Sauces are very popular nutritive food additives which are especially consumed with fast foods. Contamination can occur by misuse, drastic changes in storage temperatures, hygienic condition of the preparation area, quality of the raw ingredients etc. The nutritive properties present in sauces and the low pH can give enough opportunities to the acid loving microorganisms as well as some fungi to survive and multiply. Current study included four different categories of locally made sauces (five samples for each category) to study the microbial quality and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated bacteria as well. Almost all the samples were contaminated (with the exception of mustard sauce where no fungal count was observed at all) with total bacteria and fungi counting up to 2.9×106 cfu/gm and 2.1 ×106 cfu/gm respectively. Tomato sauces were free from Salmonella spp. and Escherichia...........

Keywords: Sauce, contamination, microbiological quality, hygiene, antibiotic susceptibility.

[1]. H. Afroz, F. Sultana, M. Fakruddin, K. Z. U. M. Khan, S. Datta, Isolation of Escherichia coli and Staphylocccus aureus from full cream power milk sold under market conditions at Dhaka, Bangladesh and their antibiotic susceptibility, J Adv Sci Res, 4(3), 2013, 27-31.
[2]. T. Ahmed, S. Baidya, B.C. Sharma, M. Malek, K.K. Das, M. Acharjee, S.K. Munshi, R. Noor, Identification of drug-resistant bacteria among export quality shrimp samples in Bangladesh, Asian J Microbiol Biotech Env Sci. 15(4), 2013, 31-36.
[3]. Ajayi, R.A.Oderinde, D.O. Kajogbola, J.I. Uponi, Oil content and fatty acid composition of some underutilized legumes from Nigeria, Food Chem. 99, 2005, 115-120. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.06.045
[4]. P.M. Bennett, Plasmid encoded antibiotic resistance: Acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria, British Journal of Pharmacology 153 (1), 2008, 347-357.
[5]. J. Bhaskar, M. Usman, S. Smitha, G.K. Bhat, (2004) Bacteriological profile of street foods in Mangalore, Indian J. Med. Microbiol, 22, 2004, 197-197.

Abstract: The use of dumpsites as farm lands is a common practice in urban and sub-urban centers in Nigeria because of the fact that decayed and composted wastes enhance soil fertility and also a wide spectrum of enteric pathogens that may have a negative impact on the environment and human health. This study was conducted to investigate the microbial load, parasite and anti-nutrient factor build-up in vegetables Talinum triangulare grown on sewage dump site. Vegetable samples were collected from farms around sewage dump sites (sites A) and a control where there is no dump (sites B). Standard methods of APHA was used to determine microbial load such as Total heterotrophic bacteria..........

Keywords: Anti-nutrient factor, microbial load, parasite, Sewage, Talinum triangulare

[1]. Abdoulaye, C., Brou, K. and Jie, C. (2011). Phytic Acid in Cereal Grains: Structure, Healthy or Harmful Ways to Reduce Phytic Acid in Cereal Grains and Their Effects on Nutritional Quality. American Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Technology, 1(1): 1-22.
[2]. Abougrain, A.K., Nahaisi, M.H., Madi, N.S., Saied, M.M. and Ghenghesh, K.S. (2009). Parasitological contamination in salad vegetables in Tripoli-Libya. Journal of Food Control, doi:10.1016/11.005.
[3]. Adhikari, K .M, Sweetingham, M.W, Buirchell, B. (2005). Yellow lupin breeding in Western Australia. Proceedings of Agribusiness Crop Updates, Lupins and Pulses 12–14.
[4]. Agbaire, P.O. and Oyewole, A. (2012). Levels of anti-nutritional factors in some common leafy edible vegetables of southern Nigeria. Journal of Food Science Technology, 3: 99-101.
[5]. Akande, F. O. and Ajayi, S. A. (2017). Assessment of Heavy Metals Level in Soil and Vegetables Grown in Peri-Urban Farms around Osun State and the Associated Human Health Risk. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB), 2(6): 2456- 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.6.61.

Abstract: The contaminations of toxic heavy metals such as, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb in irrigation water, soil and highly consumed seven vegetables and crops at Mokesh Beel, Gazipur in Bangladesh, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Most of the metal's concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible limit set by Pescod, (1992); EU, (2002); Awashthi, (2000); FAO/WHO, (1994, 2001) and others international standard for irrigation water, soil, crops and vegetables. The mean concentrations of metals were observed decreasing in the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Hg > As > Cd > Ni in irrigation water; Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Hg in soil and Zn > Fe > Pb > Mn > Cu..........

Keywords: Heavy metals; Target hazard; Carcinogenic; Pollution load; Mokesh Beel

[1]. Ahmad, J., &Goni, M. (2010). Heavy metal contamination in water, soil, and vegetables of the industrial areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 166(1-4), 347-357.
[2]. Ahmad, M., Islam, S., Rahman, M., Haque, M., & Islam, M. (2010). Heavy metals in water, sediment and some fishes of Buriganga River, Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research, 4(2), 321-332.
[3]. Ahmed, M., Baki, M., Islam, M., Kundu, G., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., Sarkar, S., et al. (2015a). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in tropical fish and shellfish collected from the river Buriganga, Bangladesh. Environmental Science and Pollution Research.
[4]. Ahmed, M., Shaheen, N., Islam, M., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., Islam, S., &Banu, C. (2015b). Trace elements in two staple cereals (rice and wheat) and associated health risk implications in Bangladesh. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(6), 326-336.
[5]. Ahmed, M., Shaheen, N., Islam, M., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., Islam, S., Islam, M., et al. (2016). A comprehensive assessment of arsenic in commonly consumed foodstuffs to evaluate the potential health risk in Bangladesh. Science of The Total Environment, 544, 125-133.