IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2020

Abstract: Background: The declining forest size as a result of much dependence of people on the forests is a matter of utmost concern. This study assessed the current livelihood of communities in in Ogun forest reserve, Nigeria. The objective is to understand the local livelihood and how it impacts the forest. Methods: Twenty communities were assessed purposively (homogenous sampling) and five hundred and thirty respondents were interviewed randomly. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010(STATA version 13) was statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented as tables and charts. Results: The results showed that the respondents cannot be termed poor and majority of them possess productive assets. The major occupation of the households is farming in either food or cash crops. Only about 18.35per cent have farm size less than 2ha, while...........

Key Words: livelihood, communities, coping strategy, forest environment

[1]. Carney, D (1998).Implementing the sustainable rural livelihoods approach.Chapter 1 in D. Carney, editor. Sustainable rural livelihoods: What contribution can we make? Department for International Development, London, UK.
[2]. Ellis, F. 2000. Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[3]. Anon 2001, WG II 'Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability' (www.ipcc.ch/) (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).
[4]. FAO (2008). Climate change water and food security. Technical background document from the - expert consultation held on 20th to 28th February 2008 Food Agriculture Organization, Rome.
[5]. Dovie, D.B.K. (2003). Rural economy and livelihoods from the non-timber forest products trade. Compromising sustainability in southern Africa? Internat. J. Sust. Develop. & World Ecol., 10: 247-262.

Abstract: Rainwater harvesting has been embraced as one of the adaptation strategies for people living with high rainfall and temperature variability. Performance of the water harvesting systems depends on the farming systems, soil characteristics and hydrological factors. Thisstudysought to establishto what extend intensified erratic rainfalls affects the capacity of on-farm water harvesting systems in checking surface run-off in Matungulu Sub-County, Machakos County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was adopted in which some 105 randomly selected respondents were drawn from 5 sub- locations of Matungulu Sub-County. The 105 were selected from 2 sub-Sub-Countys based on livelihood of the 2086 target households that is cash crop farms and grain crop farms. 21 households for each livelihood strategy from each of the five sub-locations taking the odd-numbered items were used. A structured....

Keywords: Erratic Rainfall, Capacity, On-Farm Water Harvesting Systems, Surface Run-Off

[1]. Abdelkdair, A., & Schultz, R. C. (2005). Water harvesting in a 'runoff-catchment'agroforestry system in the dry lands of Ethiopia. Agroforestry systems, 63(3), 291-298.
[2]. Biazin, B., Sterk, G., Temesgen, M., Abdulkedir, A., & Stroosnijder, L. (2012). Rainwater harvesting and management in rainfed agricultural systems in sub-Saharan Africa–A review. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 47, 139-151.
[3]. Fleskens, L., Stroosnijder, L., Ouessar, M., & De Graaff, J. (2005). Evaluation of the on-site impact of water harvesting in southern Tunisia. Journal of Arid Environments, 62(4), 613-630.
[4]. Government of Kenya. (2010). National climate change response strategy. Nairobi: Government Printer
[5]. Huang, Z., Cheng, J., Zhao, S., Xin, X., & Liu, X. (2004). Models of rainwater harvesting system and their benefit evaluation in semi-arid areas. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 20(2), 301-304

Abstract: In the quest for beauty in diversity; majority of Architects shifted away from the antecedent methods of design and construction. Perhaps this action has proven to be more rebellious by the founding Architects of modernism than the later. Due to recent rises in energy costs and global warming, the trend has sensibly swung the other way. Vernacular architecture, the most adaptive form of addressing the impact of climatic change round the globe, is apparently neglected in modern architecture. Architects are embracing regional adaptation and cultural building traditions, given that these structures have proven to be more energy efficient and environmentally friendly. The human lungs and eyes are designed for something natural; the eyes are designed for natural light, and the lungs are designed for natural air, our skin is also designed for something also natural. This implies that the totality of human comfort desires are culturally connected to one's surrounding which is reflected in a harmonious architecture.......

Keywords: Energy efficient homes,Endo-Vernacology, Exo-vernacology,Modern vernacular architecture, Traditional buildings in Nigeria,

[1]. American Institute Of Architects. (2012). Energy is a design problem. In A. E. Group, An Architect's guild to integrating energy modeling in the design process (p. 7). New York: American Institute Of Architects.
[2]. Ayodele, T. R., Ogunjuyigbe, A., & Jimoh, A.-G. A. (2018, May 8). On the most suitable sites for wind farm development in Nigeria. Elsevier.
[3]. Collins. (2019, January 28). Definition of 'ecology'. Retrieved from Collins online english dictionary: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ecology

Abstract: Anaerobic process has been widely used for stabilization of municipal waste sludge as well as industrial waste. A lab scale upflow anaerobic filter was operated for the treatment of synthetic wastewater, and the influence of various organic loading rates and hydraulic loading rates on the performance of reactor were studied. Whole investigations were carried out in two different phases over about 12 month's operation. During first phase, organic loading rates from 0.5 to 4.5 kg-COD/m3 were applied to reactor by keeping constant hydraulic loading rate as 0.2m3/m2/day whereas in the second phase, hydraulic loading rates from 0.2 to 0.5 m3/m2/day were kept by applying constant organic loading rate of 2.5 kg-COD/m3. The COD removal efficiency was obtained at 92% under the organic......

Key Word: Anaerobic, COD, Organic loading rate, hydraulic loading.

[1]. Puñal, Méndez, R., and Lema (1998) -"Multi-Fed Upflow Anaerobic Filter: Development and Features", Journal of Environmental Eng., Vol.124(12), pages 1188–1192.
[2]. Franco A., Roca E. and Lema, J. (2007) -"Enhanced Start-Up of Upflow Anaerobic Filters by Pulsation", J. Environ. Eng., Vol. 133(2), pages 186–190.
[3]. Seunghwan Lee, Hongshin Lee, Seongeok Lee (2007) – "Media configuration and recirculation of UAFF for piggery wastewater treatment", Korean J. Chem. Eng., Vol.24(6), pages 980-988.
[4]. Jea Youl Joung, Hae Woo Lee, Hyeoksun Choi, Min Woo Lee, Jong Moon Park (2009) – "Influences of organic loading disturbances on performance of anaerobic filter to treat purified terepthalic acid wastewater", J. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pages 2457–2461.
[5]. Stall, T.R. and Sherrard, J.H., "Effect of wastewater Composition and Cell Residence Time on Phosphorus Removal in Activated Sludge, Journal", Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 48, No. 2, (1976) [for Synthetic wastewater composition]

Abstract: The rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization has led to the degradation of the environment all over the world. In such circumstances the initiative of green campus for the institutes need to be adopted for sustainable development. NowrosjeeWadia College, Pune, Maharashtra, is a pioneer institute with NAAC "A" grade (2003-2008),having completed 85 years of its perception. It runs two streams - Arts and Science . The college is located in central Pune city on a beautiful campus of 17 acres. Modern Education Society‟s NowrosjeeWadia College, Pune , M.S. is deeply concerned and unconditionally believes that there is an urgent need to address these fundamental problems and reverse the trends. Being a premier institution of higher learning, the college has initiated "The Green Campus‟ program three years back that actively promote the various projects for the environment protection and sustainability. The purpose of the audit was to ensure that the practices followed in the campus are in accordance with the Green Policy adopted by the institution.

Key Word: Green Audit, Green Campus, Green Policy, water conservation, Eco System

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[7]. Smith Mark and Billington Stephen. ,1993, Environmental auditing such as green auditing and its training important, EcoManagement and Auditing, Vol. 6(1).

Abstract: Background: Meats and meat products are consumed worldwide, attract taste of most consumers. Many of these products are consumed at meals at home but are also present in snack bars by children and adolescents. However, excessive consumption of these products is associated with several health problems such as increased blood pressure, obesity, several types of cancer and other non-contagious diseases more associated with excess free radicals such as malonaldehyde. Aim of this work was to quantify lipid oxidation through malonaldehyde content in meat sausages during refrigerated storage. Materials and Methods: Nineteen different types of meat sausages from different commercial brands were analyzed during 15-day storage period through lipid oxidation tests measured by number of 2-thiobarbituric......

Key Word: legislation; malonaldehydes (MDA); meat sausages; 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), toxicity.

[1]. Pateiro M, Barba FJ, Domínguez R, Sant'Ana AS, Khaneghah AM, Gavahian M, Gómeza B, Lorenzo JM. Essential oils as natural additives to prevent oxidation reactions in meat and meat products: A review. Food Research International. 2018;113, 156–166.
[2]. Borges JG, Dantas LLDS. Chemical nutritional composition of commercial meat derivatives. International Journal of Current Multidisciplinary Studies. 2019a; 5(12), 1177-1181.
[3]. Lima Júnior DM, Rangel AHN, Urbano SA, Moreno GMB. Oxidação lipídica e qualidade da carne ovina. Acta Veterinaria Brasilica. 2013;7(1), 14-28.

Abstract: Our understanding of the capacity of various soils to function as sinks for gaseous air contaminants is very limited. This general topic has received only meager research attention over the last twenty years. Obviously, soils have considerable capacity to absorb a variety of gases from the atmosphere, and to incorporate and transform them in or on the soil through a large number of microbial, other biological, physical, and chemical, processes. Specific information is lacking, however, on the relative importance of source versus sink function, the capacities and rates of various soils for absorption, residence, and reaction rate times, the influence of soil physical (mineral and organic matter content, structure, and porosity) and chemical (pH, moisture content, and exchange capacity) properties, climate on removal rates, and significance of soil management practices on removal rates.....

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Abstract: Electricity is pivotal to the development of nations. Adequate power supply is an unavoidable prerequisite to any nation's development; its use is directly correlated with healthy economic growth. This study undertakes to develop a decision Support System using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to aid the electricity power supply in Bukuru Town, with particular reference to the distribution transformers of the Bukuru business unit, Jos Electricity Distribution Company, Plateau State. On the basis of these, the study involved capturing the geometric and attributes data of the electrical facilities and creating a geo-database for the features in each of the......

Key Word: GIS, Electricity, Power Supply, Distribution Systems

[1]. Adegboye, M. A. (2012). Effect of mining on farming in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State. 3(April), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.5897/JSSEM11.048
[2]. Ajayi, O. O. (2009). Assessment of utilization of wind energy resources in Nigeria. Energy Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.10.020
[3]. Akinbulire, T.O., Ola, P., Oluseyi, C.O.A., Awosope, O., and Okoro, I. (2008). Data-Based Analysis of Power System Crisis in Nigeria. esptaee, University of Nigeria,Nsukka
[4]. Alamu, E. O. & Ejiobih, H. C. (2002). Utility Information Infrastructure Needs in Utility Organisations in Nigeria: A Case Study of Niger State Water Board. Proceedings of the Technical Session of the 37th Annual General Conference and Meeting of Nigerian Institution of Surveyors, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, pp. 85-88.
[5]. Aliyu, A. S., Ramli, A. T., & Saleh, M. A. (2013). Nigeria electricity crisis: Power generation capacity expansion and environmental ramifications. Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.011.