IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: Background: Land use and land cover (LULC) variations are a dynamic phenomenon caused by natural and human-made factors. It is caused by the expansion of impervious surfaces, anthropogenic activities, resulting in encroachment of land and continuous deforestation. This study is an attempt to assess the spatio-temporal LULC changes and calculate the degree of land-use changes along with detecting the direction of urban expansion in the Cumilla City (1999-2019) using the Landsat satellite images. Materials and Methods: LULC changes of major areas of Cumilla city (Cumilla Adarsha Sadar and SadarDakshinUpazila.......

Key Words: Land Use and Land Cover; Remote Sensing, GIS, Waterbodies and Agricultural Transformation

[1]. Banglapedia,ComillaSadar Dakshin Upazila,Retrievedfrom,http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Comilla_Sadar_Dakshin_ Upazil,2014,Accessed on December 26, 2019.
[2]. Banglapedia,ComillaAdarsha Sadar Upazila,Retrievedfrom,http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Comilla_Adarsha_Sadar_ Upazil,2014,Accessed on December 26, 2019.
[3]. Ellis E, Pontius R, Landuse and landcover change, Encyclopaedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland. Washington, D.C. Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment, 2007.
[4]. Eric FL, Geist HJ, Lepers E, Dynamics of Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes in Tropical, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour: 2003; 28(205): 41.
[5]. Imura H, Chen J, Kaneko S, Matsumoto T, Analysis of Industrialization, Urbanization and Land use change according to the DPSER Framework. Proceedings of NIES Workshop on Information Bases and Modeling for Land Use and Land Cover Changes Studies in East Asia, 1999, 25-27 January, Tsukuba, Japan.

Abstract: Along with ground water, vegetable is also a common source of fluoride in human body. Five most commonly used vegetable [Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)] was selected for the study. Six samples of each vegetable were collected from six different cultivated areas of the district. Vegetable extracts were prepared using standard method and concentrations of fluoride were measured using fluoride ion selective electrode. The mean concentrations of fluoride in Tomato, Brinjal, Cabbage, Potato and French bean were recorded as 4.6mg/kg, 6.19mg/kg, 3.29mg/kg, 12.43mg/kg and 1.44mg/kg respectively. The fluoride content in soil and irrigation.....

Keywords: Fluoride, Vegetable, Irrigation, Soil, Groundwater, BCF.

[1]. Agarwal, R., & Chauhan, S. S. (2014). Bioaccumulation of sodium fluoride toxicity in Triticum aestivum var. Raj. 3077. Int J Food Agri Veter Sci, 4(1), 98-101.
[2]. American Public Health Association. (1995). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. APHA. AWWA and WPCF, ninetieth ed., Washington DC, USA.
[3]. Anasuya, A., Bapurao, S., & Paranjape, P. K. (1996). Fluoride and silicon intake in normal and endemic fluorotic areas. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 10(3), 149-155.
[4]. Anbuvel, D., Kumaresan, S., and Jothibai, M.R., 2015, Fluoride accumulation on Paddy (Oryza sativa) and Black gram (Phaseolus mungo Linn.) in cultivated areas of Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu, India. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 5(1), 280-285.
[5]. Black, C. A., Evans, D. D., & Dinauer, R. C. (1965). Methods of soil analysis.

Abstract: Chitin is a large, structural polysaccharide made from chains of modified glucose. They are attracting great interest due to their beneficial biological properties, their potential applications in various industrial fields and their notable bioactivity in biomedical fields. Traditionally chitin was extracted from various crustaceans; this paper aims to extract and purify chitin from Isoptera spp and Silkworm Cocoon using suitable solvents and characterized by comparing with standard chitin FT-IR and XRD values. The extracted chitin exhibited characteristics similar to the standard and was tested for its industrial and therapeutic applications. The characterization studies proved that the silkworm cocoon had abundance of chitin in them.

[1]. Aveen Faidhalla Jalal, Chinar Mohammed Risheed and Bnar Mahmod Ibrahim (September, 2012) Optimization of Chitin Extraction from Chicken Feet .Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques. ISSN: 2155-9872
[2]. Riccardo A. A. Muzzarelli,(Oct, 2013) CHITIN, Page N0 5-62 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data QD321.M93 1977 ISBN 0-08-020367-1.
[3]. Se-Kwon Kim(July,2010) Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives: Biological Activities and Application Page No 3-24 CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group ISBN- 13: 978-1-4398- 1604-2 (ebook pdf)
[4]. Hisao Aruga (June, 1994) Principles of Sericulture Page N0 97-100 CRC Press, 1994 ISBN 9054102543, 9789054102540
[5]. Yang Bao-Shan, Wang Hui, Li Jun and Liu Su (2011) Advanced Materials Research Online:2011-09-27ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 343-344, pp 16-21

Abstract: Historiquement, les conflits surgissent lorsque les mêmes espaces sont revendiqués par différents acteurs aux logiques diverses, voire même antionomiques.Cependant, très peu de travaux se sont intéressés aux externalités négatives de la proximité dans les systèmes l'explication des conflits parc-populations. A partir des données d'observations directes et d'entretiens semi-directifs réalisées de mai à septembre 2019 à la lisière du parc national de Kahuzi-Biega(RDC), dans le cadre d'une recherche doctorale, cet article analyse le rôle de la proximité, en l'absence d'une zone tampon, sur la reccurence et la persistence des conflits parc-populations. Cette étude s'appuie sur les données issues d'observations participantes, des entretiens semi-structurés et focus group à l'echelle communautaire.....

[1]. Nurrochrnat DR, Darusman D, Ruchjadi D. (2014). Rekonstruksi sistem tenurial kehutanan. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan 1(1):24–29
[2]. Andersen, J., Gauthier, M, Thomas, G. et Wondolleck, J., (1996), « Setting thé stage », document présenté à la Conférence électronique de la PAO : règlement des conflits en foresterie communautaire, janvier- avril, 1996, Programme Arbres, Forêts et Communautés rurales de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Rome ( Italie ).
[3]. Stephenson G. M., (1981), Intergroup bargaining and negociations, in Turner J.C. et Giles H. (éds.), Intergroup Behaviour, Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
[4]. Duclos N., (1998), Les violences paysannes sous la Ve République, Paris, Economica.
[5]. Michel C., (2003), L'accès du public aux espaces naturels, agricoles et forestiers et l'exercice du droit de propriété : des équilibres à gérer, Thèse de Doctorat de Sciences de l'Environnement, ENGREF Paris.

Abstract: Les espaces ruraux connaissent, en continu, de rapides transformations qui font l'objet d'appréciations divergentes. A partir des données d'observations directes et d'entretiens semi-directifs réalisées de mai à septembre 2019 à la lisière du parc national de Kahuzi-Biega(RDC), dans le cadre d'une recherche doctorale, cet article explore les dynamiques socio-économiques survenues à la lisière du parc au cours de 30 dernières années et en analyse les effets sur l'efficacité de sa gestion. Les resultats mettent en évidence les effets des transformations sociales, économiques, démographiques, agropastorales et technologiques sur l'efficacité de gestion....

Keywords: dynamiques socioéconomiques, efficacité de gestion, Kahuzi-Biega, RD Congo

[1]. Elysée Ntiranyibagira(2019).Conceptual and Analytic Model for Advanced Evaluation of Protected Areas' Global Evolutionary Trends: The Protected Areas' Trends Assessment and Adaptive Management on the Basis of Long-Term Conservation Objectives or PA-TAMCO Analytic Model. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2019; 3(1): 8-16.
[2]. UNEP-WCMC et IUCN, 2016, Protected Planet Report (2016). UNEP-WCMC and IUCN: Cambridge UK and Gland, Switzerland.
[3]. UICN, (2016), Rapport annuel. UICN: Gland, Suisse.
[4]. Brechin, S. R., G. Murray et C. Benjamin, (2007), "Contested Ground in Nature Protection: Current Challenges and Opportunities in Community-Based Natural Resources and Protected Areas Management." In The SAGE handbook of environment and society, dir. Jules N. Pretty, 553-577. Los Angeles; London: SAGE.
[5]. West, P., J. Igoe et D. Brockington, (2006), "Parks and peoples: The social impact of protected areas." Annual Review of Anthropology 35: 251-277.

Abstract: D'importantes transformations socio-économiques que subissent les milieux ruraux modifient les rapports à l'espace et les règles sociales d'appropriation et d'usage des ressources naturelles. Ainsi, la nature et la façon de la construire, de la gérer, deviennent aussi variées que les regards portés sur elle, culturellement et socialement marqués, changeants au cours du temps et selon les contextes. A partir des données d'observations directes et d'entretiens semi-directifs réalisées de janvier à avril 2019 à la lisière du parc national de Kahuzi-Biega(RDC), dans le cadre d'une recherche doctorale, cet article analyse les effets des dynamiques socio-économiques sur la persistance des activités illégales dans cette aire protégée. Les resultats soulignent une diversité d'activités.....

[1]. Agrawal A., (2015), Environmentality : Technologies of Government and the Marking of subjects, Duke University, Press, Durham, 325 pages,
[2]. Ahmadi, S.; Maman, S.; Zoumenou, R.; Massougbodji, A.; Cot, M.; Glorennec, P.; Bodeau-Livinec, F. Hunting, (2018). Sale, and Consumption of Bush-meat Killed by Lead-Based Ammunition in Be-nin. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1140.
[3]. Alves, R. R. N., and Barboza, R. R. D., (2018). "The role of animals in human culture," in Ethnozoology, eds R. R. N. Alves and U. P. Albuquerque (Oxford, UK: Elsevier), 277–301.
[4]. Angelsen A, Jagger P, Babigumira R, Belcher B, Hogarth NJ, Bauch S, Borner J,Smith-Hall C, Wunder(2014). Environmental Income and Rural Livelohoods : A Global-Comparative Analysis. World Development 64, Supplement 1 : S12-S28.
[5]. Benítez-López, A., Alkemade, R., Schipper, A. M., In-gram, D. J., Verweij, P. A., Eikelboom, J. A., et al. , (2017). The impact of hunting on tropical mam-mal and bird populations. Science 356, 180–183.